Azeddin Kilidy-Arslan III., son of Rokneddin, 1203 — 1205
7. Kotbeddin,
8. Barkiarok,
9. Sandjarshah,
Azeddin Kaikous I., son of Kaikhosrou I.,
Niksar.
Amasia.
Heracleia.
1211 1222
To whom the empire of Trebizond was tributary.
Azeddin Kaikous II., son of Kaikhosrou II.,
Expelled, and returned to reign with several colleagues.
Rokneddin Kilidy-Arslan IV., son of Kaikhosrou II., 1261 — 1267
ABGAARUS, Christ's portrait sent to, i. 366
-letter of Christ, i. 475, 484.
Achelous, Gibbon's error concerning, i.
342 note.
Achrida, capital of Bulgaro-Sclavonian
kingdom, i. 438-taken, 450-Arch-
bishop, ii. 375 note.
Achridos, district of, ii. 404.
Acropolita, anecdote, ii. 400-union of
churches at Lyons, 461.
Administration, evils of Roman, i. 1, 4—
origin of Byzantine, 25 — changes in,
460, 480, 531.
Adramyttium repaired, ii. 151-council
of, 468.
Adrianople taken by Othmans, ii. 577.
Agatha, daughter of Constantine VII.
(Porphyrogenitus), i. 353.
Agriculture encouraged, ii. 393.
Alans, ii. 477, 492, 497, 502.
Albanians, ii. 96, 148-tribes in Thessaly,
536-revolts of, 407, 536, 600.
Alexander, emperor, i. 335.
Alexandria taken by Crusaders, ii. 578.
Alexios Comnenos, emperor of Trebi-
zond, ii. 354.
Alexios Comnenos, minister of Alexius
II., ii. 244, 245.
Alexios Comnenos, incestuous son of
Manuel I., ii. 259, 264, 291.
Bogomilians, 84-sends silver to
Germany, 90 note-defeated, 95,97, 102
-victorious, 99, 105-relations with
Seljouks, 110, 151, 153-solicits papal
aid, 118-conduct during first crusade,
121, 127, 130-attacks Bohemund, 141,
142-treachery, 147-treaty with Bo-
hemund, 148-with Venice, 186-with
Pisa, 189-colony of Anglo-Danes at
Kios, 361 note.
Alexius II., marriage, ii. 242-emperor,
244-murdered, 248-impostor, 295.
Alexius III., Angelos Comnenos, charac-
ter, ii. 297- promises, 300-piracy,
302-pays tribute to Turks, 303, 305
-defeated, 307-injustice, 308-pro-
mises to Henry V. of Germany, 309-
treaty with Venice, 310 note-letter
to Pope, 312-abandons Constantin-
ople, 316-blinds Alexius V., 340—
submits to Marquess of Montferrat, ib.
-imprisoned in a monastery, 341, 367.
Alexius IV. escapes to Italy, ii. 310—
crowned, 318-character, 319-stran-
gled, 325.
Alexius V. (Murtzuphlos) character, ii. 325
-defeated, 327- abandons Constan-
tinople, 332-thrown from a column,
340.
Allelengyon abolished, i. 467.
Alexios Comnenos, grand - nephew of Almogavars, ii. 500 note.
Manuel I. invites Sicilians, ii. 264.
Alexis Branas, ii. 275, 283-rebels, 283.
Alexis Strategopoulos defeated, ii. 405,
422-takes Constantinople, 424 et seq.
Alexius I. takes Oursel, ii. 54-Bryennios,
57-Basilakes, 58-dethrones Nice-
phorus III., 62-character, 64-pen-
ance, 67-superstition, 86, 143-weak-
ness, 102 adulterates coin, 76-
rebellions against, 71― treachery to
Alp Arslan, ii. 21-ravages Armenia and
takes Ani, 22-takes Romanus IV., 41.
Alum at Phocæa, ii. 442.
Amalfi, i. 138, 297, 383.
Amaury I. of Jerusalem visits Constan-
tinople, ii. 230.
Amorium, i. 15, note 4, 152-destroyed,
Anarchy in Constantinople, ii. 271, 286,
303.
Ancona, ii. 225.
Andronicus I. saved by Manuel, ii. 180-
treason, 213-defeated, 228, 254-cha-
racter, 249-adventures, ib.
escapes
to Galicia, 253-to Antioch and Jeru-
salem, 255-slave-dealer, 256-anec-
dote, 257-cruelties, 258, 260, 263-
marries Agnes of France, 262―tor-
tured and murdered, 268 - anecdote
concerning Cinnamus, 269 note.
Andronicus II. (Paleologos) debases gold
coinage, ii. 398-character, 463, 521—
domestic arrangements, 510-ecclesi-
astical policy, 466, 473, 518-reduces
military force, 475-conduct with Ca-
talans, 487, 496-loses provinces in
Asia Minor, 478-Rhodes, 509--pro-
poses to change the succession, 511,
513-civil wars, 514, 516-dethroned,
520.
Andronicus III., character, ii. 512, 522
-assassination of his brother, 510-
rebellion, 513- cruelty, 516-takes
Constantinople, 520-reforms admi-
nistration of justice, 524 compared
with Orkhan, 527-wars with Turks,
defeat, 529 loses Nicæa and Nico-
media, 531-recovers Chios and Pho-
cæa, 534-Epirus, 535-death, 537.
Andronicus, eldest son of John V., ii. 579
-rebels, 581- bestows Tenedos on
Genoese, 581-emperor, with his son
John, 581, 582.
Andronicus Koutostephanos, victory at
Zeugmin, ii. 217-defeat in Egypt, 230
-at Myriokephalon, 239 betrays
Constantinople, 258 - loses his sight,
Andros, school at, i. 265.
Anemas, plot of, and tower named from,
Angelos, origin and worthlessness of the
family, ii. 273.
Anna Comnena, character of her history,
ii. 63 note, 148- conspires against
her brother, John II., 160..
Anne of Savoy, regent, ii. 538.
Antioch, i. 189, 393 note-reconquered,
394, 425-independent, 424-taken by
Suleiman, ii. 108-by Crusaders, 133
-expels emperor, 175 — homage to
Manuel I., 196, 227.
Apokaukos, ii. 513-fortifies Epibates,
532-treason, 539-vigour, 542, 546,
547-murdered, 547-portrait, 548 note.
Archipelago, fleet of, i. 44, 331 note-
ravaged by Saracens, 163, 224, 293,
476-by Raymond of Tripoli, ii. 229.
Aristocracy, conspiracy of, i. 533-raise
Isaac I. to throne, ii. 5-power, 60.
Armenia, i. 315, 365, 456, 519-ruin of,
522-John, king of, cedes kingdom of
Ani to Basil II., 456-conquered by
Seljouks, ii. 18.
Armenians assume the title of Emperor,
i. 55, 118 note, 134, 236-in Byzantine
service, 183, 236, 271, 315, 340, 423,
440, 463, 523-monk Niphon converts
Cretans, 378-Reubenian kingdom, ii.
23, 57 note-conquered, 173-Thoros,
king of, defeats Andronicus I., 228,
254.
Armenian heretics in Thrace, i. 49, 65,
117, 389, 401, ii. 289-in Troad, 356.
Armour, chain, of Russians, i. 411-plate,
of Byzantine cavalry, 412- linen, of
Conrad of Montferrat, ii. 285 note.
Army, Byzantine, i. 33, 116 note, 241,
409, 511-frontier militia, 504, ii. 93,
193, 339, 444.
Arsenios, patriarch, ii. 399, 416, 443-
anecdote of, 456.
Art, works of, i. 69, 100, 336, 392-me-
chanical, 266, 488-destroyed, 52, 69,
ii. 77, 321, 323 note-carried off to
Bulgaria, i. 136-from Monemvasia, ii.
274.
Art of flying, ii. 234 note.
Artillery, ii. 582, 612, 632 note.
Arzen, population and destruction, i.
Asia Minor depopulated, i. 158, 289, ii.
33, 106, 132, 153, 445-Greeks almost
exterminated, 478.
Asiatic influence in Byzantine empire, i.
Astronomy, i. 265.
Asylum, right of, i. 263.
Athanasios excommunicates the whole
empire, ii. 470.
Athens, churches built by Irene, i. 90—
place of banishment, 103, 311-piracy,
328 note-anecdote, 359 note-visited
by Basil II., 452.
Athingans, i. 115, 129, 152 note.
Avarice of clergy, i. 483, 504.
Axouchos, Turkish prime-minister of
John II., ii. 159.
Azaz, defeat of Romanus III. at, i. 472.
Baldwin, count of Flanders, ii. 318-
account of spoil of Constantinople,
339 note.
Bardanes, rebel emperor, i. 111.
Bardas, Cæsar, corrupts Michael III., i.
202-murders Theoktistos, 203–vices,
207-Cæsar, 219 note-murdered, 228
-legal reformer, 281 note, 285.
Bardas, see Phokas and Skleros, i. 409.
Basil I. (Sclavonian), i. 271 note- at
Patras, 272-rise at court, 226—mur-
ders Bardas Cæsar, 228 - Emperor
Michael III., 232-hypocrisy, 274-
ecclesiastical policy, ib. financial,
279-legislative, 281-Procheiron, 285
-Basilika, 286-renders administra-
tion despotic, 282 campaigns, 291,
293-loses Syracuse, 297-depravity,
300 gratitude, 301-cruelty and
death, 306.
Basil II., character, i. 427-rebellions of
Bardas Phokas and Skleros, 428-pro-
tects poor, 434-opposed by clergy,
435-defeated by Bulgarians, 437—
campaigns in Macedonia, 441, 443, 444,
446, 449-puts out the eyes of prison-
ers, 445-takes Achrida, 450-settles
taxation of his Bulgaro - Sclavonian
conquests, 451-visits Athens, 452-
campaigns in Armenia, 454, 455-in
Syria, 455-conquests in Khazaria
(Crimea) and Vasparoukan, 448-in
Dalmatia and Servia, 452-effects of
his reign, 461-attempts to negotiate
an amicable separation of the Greek
and Latin churches, 525-death and
tomb, 457.
Basilika, Byzantine code, its defects, i.
287.
Basilios, son of Romanus I., eunuch, i.
425-immense wealth, 386, 425, 433—
minister of Nicephorus II., John I.,
and Basil II., 434-death, 433.
Battles, Acroïnon, i. 23-Modrina, 57—
Krasos, 120-defeat of Nicephorus I.,
127- of Michael I., 133 — Dasymon,
186, 220-Poson, 221-Bulgarophygos,
335 Achelous, 342-Sperchius, 441
Draginas, 489 - Kapetron, 523
Nicæa, 536- Myriokephalon, ii. 237
-Antiocheia, 367-Serres, 375-Poi-
manenos, 376-Pelagonia, 422-Galli-
poli, 499
Apros, 500 Pelekanon,
529; naval, Vrachophagos, 570 — An-
gora, 602.
Bayezid I., ii. 543, 584-conquests, 585,
587, 589 defeated by Timor, 601-
iron cage, 464 note.
Bela of Hungary, ii. 215.
Belgrade taken by Hungarians, ii. 24.
Belisarius, origin of tale concerning his
blindness, i. 230 note.
Benjamin of Tudela's travels, ii. 185.
Bertrandon de la Brocquiere, description
of Greek empire, ii. 615.
Bithynia, desolated and prepared to re-
ceive Othomans, ii. 445.
Blachern church burned, ii. 36 note.
Black Sea closed to Western nations, ii.
188 note- Genoese trade in, 569,
Blemmidas Nicephorus, religious zeal, ii.
397.
Bogomilians, ii. 82-persecuted, 83, 85.
Bohemund commands Normans, ii. 95,
99-crusader, 121-Prince of Antioch,
134-invades Epirus, 144-expelled,
Boniface, marquess of Montferrat, ii. 313,
Boucicault, marshal of France, ii. 590, 591.
Bridges, i. 136-of Zompi, ii. 52.
Brigands, Skamars, i. 63 Lycaonians,
112-in Bagdat, 251 note.
Bulgaria, war with Constantine V., i. 61
-kings of, Crumn, 124, 131, 135-
Simeon, 333-Peter, 370-Boris last
king, 423, 436 - treaties with Byzan-
tine empire, i. 60, 137, 248 note, 333,
369 note converted to Christianity,
218, 333-trade, 332-conquered by
Russians, 408-by John I., (Zimiskes,)
411, 423.
Bulgarian church and patriarch, i. 219-
seat at Dorystolon, 369 note, 390
at Achrida, 438, ii. 80, 375-archbishop
of Ternovo declared patriarch, 383.
Bulgarian blood in the family of Com-
nenos, ii. 59 note.
Bulgaro-Sclavonian kingdom, i. 438-
Kings: Samuel, 438-Gabriel Radomir,
446-John Ladislas, 447-extent, 439
-system of taxation, 451, 491-rebel-
lion, 491, ii. 49.
Bulgaro-Vallachian kingdom, ii. 306-
decline, 419-population, 599.
Burtzes takes Antioch, i. 393-murders
Nicephorus II., 396.
Byzantine army, i. 32, 241, 511 — ma-
chines, 137 price of substitutes, 33
note- equipment of, 116 note, ii. 162
system of quartering troops, 475,
487-neglected, 477-for mercenaries,
see Russians, Varangians, Normans,
Alans, and Catalans.
Byzantine court, i. 174, 225, 300—ii. 68,
Byzantine emperors autocrats of the
Mediterranean, i. 12 types of their
age, 307-frequently dethroned like
doges of Venice, ii. 224 note.
Byzantine empire, divisions in its history,
i. 10-extent and divisions, 13-eccle-
siastical, 15-tributary to Saracens,
105, 106, 121-of Africa, 394-under
Iconoclasts a legal monarchy, not a
pure despotism, 43, 238-under the
Basilian dynasty an arbitrary despo-
tism, 283, 308-Asiatic influence pre-
dominant in, 236-greatest power and
extent, 436, 457-administration, 79,
Diogenes, Constantine, commits suicide,
i. 471.
Diogenes, Nicephorus, rebels, loses his
eyes, studies mathematics, ii. 73.
Doges of Venice, uncertain tenure of
office, ii. 224-title as conquerors of
Byzantine empire, 329 note.
Dorystolon (Silistria), first seat of Bul-
garian patriarch, i. 369 note-Russians
besieged in, 411.
Duel in Byzantine empire, i. 463.
Dukas, Constantine, insurrection of, i.
339-extinction of ancient family, 340
-modern family, ii. 16 note-influ-
ence of, 68.
Dyrrachium, i. 441, 492, ii. 90-walls of,
91-works of art, 145, 146-furnishes
ten galleys to navy, 193 note, 312, 452.
Earthquakes, i. 37, 52, 75, 476, 494, ii.
27, 575.
Ecloga of Leo III., i. 39, 284, 285.
Edessa, i. 475-tale of forty thieves, 486,
ii. 133-taken by Turks, 196.
Education, decline, i. 5-Byzantine, 201,
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Emperor, fountain of order and justice,
i. 8, 27-why the title was so fre-
quently assumed by rebels, 346.
Epanagoge, manual of law, i. 287.
Euboea, ii. 193, 229.
Eudocia Makremvolitissa, wife of Con-
stantine X., authoress of Ionia, ii. 28
-regent, 29-marries Romanus IV.,
31-sent to monastery, 43.
Eudocia, daughter of Alexius III., strange
fate, ii. 332 note.
Eunuchs in high office, i. 102, 191, 386
note, 460, 476, 527, 531-patriarchs,
196 note, 134, 356, 358-in church,
315, 358 note-generals, 103, 373, 374,
393 note, 394 note, 423, 460, 480, 490,
508, 535-numbers, 302-venal ad-
ministration, 498-an article of export
from Verdun, 391.
Euphrosyne, wife of Alexius III., char-
acter, ii. 299-mutilates ancient sta-
tues, 323 note, 332-dies at Arta, 367.
Ezerites, Sclavonian tribe, i. 196.
Famines, i. 66, 388, 476, ii. 601.
Finance of Byzantine empire, i. 36, 451,
491 increased severity, 480, 491
peculation and venality, 498, 499.
Fleets, Saracen, i. 20, 318-Byzantine,
14, 62, 163, 298, ii. 193 note.
Florence, council of, union of Latin and
Greek churches, ii. 617.
Fortifications, Thessalonica, i. 318-An-
tioch, 393 note-Chandax, 376.
Frederic Barbarossa, ii. 203, 287-con-
tempt for Greeks, 289 note-death,
291.
Gaïaseddin Kaikhosrou I. at Constantin-
ople, ii. 305-death, 366 note.
Galata, ii. 191, 442, 564, 565, 569.
Gasmouls, ii. 450.
Gattilusio, F., ii. 573.
Geisa II., king of Hungary, ii. 213.
Gennadios, patriarch, chosen by Otho-
mans, ii. 650-unionist at Florence,
bigot at Constantinople, 626.
Genoese fleet in Syria, ii. 142 — first
treaty with empire, 190-at Galata,
191, 442-treaty of Nymphæum, 424
-hold Chios and Phocæa, 534-attack
Constantinople, 565-trade in Black
Sea, 569-receive Tenedos, 581.
Gibbon, i. 3 note, 9, 33 note-corrections,
300 note, 342 note, 398 note, 500 note-
quoted, 426 note.
Golden bulls at Patmos, ii. 87-of Canta-
cuzenos, 345 note.
Greece, condition, i. 44, 157, 380-
changes in population, 66, 79, 80-
Sclavonians in, 103, 123, 196, 362-
stationary, 379, 383-mere provincials
in Byzantine empire, 44, 236, 337, 379
-despised, 235--character, 54, 153,
257-invaded by Bulgarians, 437, 440,
492-ravaged by Saracens, 464-gov
ernor of Nauplia destroys Saracen
fleet, 476-judge of, 500-decline of
morality and increase of superstition
among the Greeks, 193-attachment
to Russians, 514-ravaged by Uzes II.,
25-by Norman Sicilians, 198-decline,
200, 308-project of G. Gemistos Ple-
thon for its reform, 608.
Greek church, i. 41, 68, 89, 113, 139, 141,
193-ceremonies caricatured, 206-
laymen patriarchs, 86, 143-anomaly
in its morals concerning marriage, 501
-schism from Latin, 91, 215, 526-
dissensions in, 210-persecutes here-
tics, 56, 129, 199, ii. 82-heresies in,
i. 41, 262, 401, ii. 77, 182 note, 471,
554, 561-union with the Latins at
Lyons, 460-Florence, 616-bigotry,
i. 526, ii. 346, 471, 455, 550, 592-
truckles with Church of Rome, 616.
Greek fire, i. 19 note-tribes taken by
Bulgarians, 132.
Greeks, driven from their ancient seats
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