by Sclavonians, i. 80, 122, 362; by
Vallachians, 453, ii. 283-emigrate into
Seljouk empire, 305-aversion to mili-
tary service, i. 321, ii. 326, 482-want
of political energy, 350-not benefited
by study of ancient literature, 351—
in Latin service, 368-contrasted with
Othoman Turks, 448, 593, 614-de-
cline of population, 548, 493, 550, 552,
557, 614, 615-forsake St Sophia's, 626.
Greek cities assume independence, ii.
491, 558 note, 570, 576, 585.
Greek empire of Constantinople, extent
in 1347, ii. 557-in 1425, 613.
Greek literature neglected by image-
worshippers, i. 263.

Guizot, correction of opinion concern-

ing the revival of learning, i. 267 note.
Hæmus, passes through, i. 410.
Haroun Al Rashid renders Byzantine
empire tributary, i. 105, 121-charac-
ter, 122.

Hellas, theme of, i. 298, 359.

Henry of Flanders, ii. 356, 361-letter,
365-cruelty, 368.
Heptaskalon, port, ii. 573.

Hereditary succession, i. 338, 346.
Heretics, i. 59, 65, 199, 262, 289, 401,
ii. 182, 459, 467, 472, 554-tolerated,
83, 288-people wish to burn, 85-
patriarchs, 182 note, 470, 554
church of Constantinople heretical,

561.

-

Hospitals, see Charitable institutions.
Hungarians, i. 334, 370, 372-war with
Manuel I., ii. 212, 215.

Iconium, Seljouk sultans, list, ii. 234,
653-taken by Crusaders, 290, 305-
Kilidy-Arslan II. visits Constantinople,
234-Gaïaseddin Kaikhosrou I. visits
Constantinople, 305-decline, 445.
Iconoclasts, i. 10-origin, 41-excom-
municated by popes, 48, 49-general
council by, 68, 87, 139, 140, 142, 176—
superior morality of, 192-final con-
demnation by Eastern church, 194.
Ignatius, patriarch, i. 134, 207, 208, 214,
274.

Image-worship, i. 42, 67, 85, 87, 90-
demoralising, 139, 192-persecuted,
176-festival, 196-hostile to ancient
literature, 262.

Innocent III., ii. 311, 312 note-describes
sack of Constantinople, 334 note-
reply to Theodore I., 365.

Irene the Athenian, regent, i. 83-cha-
racter, 101-administration, 83, 93-
treaty with Charlemagne, 93-ill-treats
her son, 94-dethrones him, 100—
reign, 103-pays tribute to Haroun Al
Rashid, 105, 106-dethroned, 102—
bronze statue of, 100, 266.

Irene Lascaris, wife of John III., virtues,
ii. 280, 396.

Isaac I. (Comnenus), i. 533, 537-policy,
ii. 9-coin, 12, 13-abdicates, 15.
Isaac II. (Angelos), ii. 257-emperor,
267-character, 273-causes Valla-
chian rebellion, 282 conduct to
Frederic Barbarossa, 287 - attacks
Cyprus, 291-dethroned, 296-rein-
stated, 317.

Isaac Comnenos rebel emperor of Cyprus,
ii. 262, 292-dethroned by Richard,
king of England, 293.

Italy opposes Leo III., i. 47-munici-
palities, 48, 49, 93-Byzantine power
ends in central, 51, 92-Byzantine pos-
sessions in southern, 297, 331, 394,
507, 518, ii. 45.

Janissaries, ii. 595, 596, 598.
Jews, increase in seventh century, i. 7
note-prophets, 30-persecuted, 32, 41.
Joannice, or John, king of Vallacho-Bul-
garian kingdom, ii. 306, 308, 320.
John Asan of Bulgaria, ii. 378, 383, 384
- anecdote, 396.
John I. (Zimiskes), i. 385, 397 note-
murders Nicephorus II., 396, 401-
campaign against Russians, 409-in
Syria, 424-state of empire, 425.
John II. (Comnenus), ii. 156-character,
158-administration, 162, 163-wars,
169, 172, 173, 175-at Antioch, 174--
death, 176.

John III. (Vatatzes), ii. 371-prudence,
376-wars, 376, 383, 385, 387, 389,
391-treachery, 388-encourages agri-
culture, 394-anecdotes, 396, 397-
debases coinage, 398.

John IV. (Lascaris), ii. 412, 416-eyes
put out, 442.

John V. (Kalojanni), ii. 542-marriage,
556-appearance, 566-character, 575
-joins Latin church, 579-vassal of
Sultan Murad I., 580, 583-dethroned,
582, 583 note-names Manuel II.
his successor, 583-fortifies Golden
Gate, 586.

John VI. (Paleologus), lethargic admini-
stration, ii. 614-joins Latin church,
616-character, 619.

John, emperor of Thessalonica, ii. 387,388.
John Comnenus, elder brother of Andro-
nicus I., renegade, ii. 161, 248.

John Damascenus, last father of Eastern
church, a Syrian, not a Greck, i. 43,
69, 262.

John Hylilas, patriarch, i. 139-anec-
dotes, 142, 169, 179, 183-date of
embassy to Bagdat, 245 note-date of
patriarchate, 177 note-deposed, 194.
John Orphanotrophos, i. 476-bad finan
cial administration, 480-intrigues,
482-loses his eyes, 505.
Joseph Bringas, i. 385.

Justice, its systematical administration
saved and upheld the Byzantine em-
pire, i. 8, 39, 147, 171, 281-corrup-
tion, ii. 525.

Justinian, calumny concerning, i. 54-
error of legislation, 283.

Justiniani defends Constantinople, ii. 629
-unjustly accused, 643, 646.
Kamytzes, John, behaviour at Adrian-
ople, ii. 378.

Kataphygia of Greeks in Asia Minor, ii.

153.

Keghenes, Patzinak general, i. 515, 518.
Keroularios, Michael, patriarch, i. 485,
504, 526, ii. 13.

Khazaria (Crimea), i. 448.
Khazars, i. 82.

Komans, see Comans.

Kios, Kivotos (Ghiumlek), Anglo-Dan-
ish colony, ii. 361 note-succoured by
Henry of Flanders, 362.
Koutoulmish, founder of Seljouk dynasty
of Iconium, i. 521 note.
Kurkuas, great-grandfather of John I.,
i. 304-his son, John Kurkuas, com-
pared to Trajan and Belisarius, ib.
365- takes miraculous portrait of
Christ, 366-work on his exploits, 367

note.

-

Laodicea of Phrygia, ii. 134, 172-noble
conduct, 290-in Syria, 136.
Lascaris, brothers of Theodore I., desert
to Latins, ii. 372, 376.
Latins at Constantinople, murdered, ii.
247-fights, 286-decline of their
empire, 418.

Law, Roman, saved Eastern Empire, i.

26, 28-promulgated in Latin for a
Greek population, 283-power, 145,
166-imperfection of the legal reforms
in Byzantine empire, 285, 313.
Legislation of Byzantine empire, i. 39,
280, 313-in favour of small proprie-
tors, 434.

Leo III., the Isaurian, i. 2, 4, 15, 17—
saves Byzantine empire, 21, 539-
fables concerning, 29-reforms, 24,
32, 36, 39, 40-imitated by Basil I.,
281-measures against image-worship,

-

-

Leo VI., the philosopher, his character, i.
307 - works, ib. note accused of
conspiring against his father, 305
note despotism, 308 -financial ad-
ministration, 309, 310-deposes Pho-
tius, 311-fourth marriage, 312-laws,
313-taking of Thessalonica, 318-mo-
nopolies cause war with Bulgaria, 332
-bad effects of government, 336.

Leo, the Mathematician, i. 179 note, 265
note.

Leo of Tripolis attacks Thessalonica, i.
318-murders Rhodophyles, 326-
saves ship with captives, 329-victory,
331-defeat, 365.

Leo Sguros, independent chief, ii. 354.
Lesbos (Mitylene), recovered from Latins,
ii. 377.

Liberty, none in Byzantine empire, i. 166.
Library at Constantinople destroyed by
fire, i. 52 note.

Literature to be viewed in connection

with preceding times, i. 267-eminent
literary men, 268.

Louis IX. refuses to attack Greek em-
pire, ii. 449.

Luitprand, i. 360 note, 391.
Lykandos theme, i. 315, 365.

Magic, John Lekanomant, i. 169 note.
Maina relapses into paganism, i. 363.
Malekshah, grand sultan, appoints Sulei-

man, son of Koutoulmish, governor of
Asia Minor, ii. 108.

Maniakes, i. 474-autograph of our Sav-
iour, 475, 488, 489, 507-rebellion and
death, 508-mercenaries called Mania-
katoi, 435 note.

Manuel I. (Comnenus), his character, ii. 177

-commercial treaties, 189-ruins naval
force, 192-localises military, 193-at
Antioch, 195, 228- abandons silk-
manufacturers of Greece, 201, 210-
conduct to Crusaders, 204-siege of
Corfu, 207-wounded, 211-wars, 212,
220, 226, 229, 232—defeated at Myrio-
kephalon, 236 et seq.-letter to Henry
II. of England, 240 note-unable to
reform the empire, 232, 243-takes
monastic habit, 241.

Manufactures, i. 302, ii. 198, 305, 481.
Manzikert, battle of, ii. 40.

Maria of Antioch, second wife of Manuel
I., ii. 229, 244, 247.

Mazari's character of Greeks, ii. 609.
Measures, modios and medimnos, i. 451
note.

Metals, see Precious metals.

Michael I. (Rhangabé), i. 128-unpopula-
rity, 130-deposed, 134.
Michael II. (Amorian),i. 133—condemned
to death, 148-crowned, 152-de-
spises Greek feelings, 153-toleration,
154-loses Crete, 160-Sicily, 162-
embassy to Louis the Debonnaire, 167
-marriage to a nun, 164, 168-sends
copy of works of Dionysius the Areo-
pagite to Louis, 244 note.
Michael III., the Drunkard, education
neglected, i. 201, 202-vices, 205, 206
-letter to Pope Nicholas I., 216—con-
vokes general council, which excom-
municates the Pope, 217-campaigns,
220-assassinates Bardas, 228-mur-
dered by Basil I., 233-destroys tomb
of Constantine V., 54, 230-Michael's
body removed to church of Holy
Apostles by Leo VI., 306.
Michael IV. (Paphlagonian), i. 477-

marries Zoe, 478-character, 479-
charity, 494-expedition sent to Sicily,
488-suppresses Bulgaro - Sclavonian
revolt, 494.

Michael V. (Caulker) Cæsar, i. 495-em-
peror, 496-dethroned, 497.
Michael VI. (Stratiotikos), i. 529-crisis
of his reign, 530-dethroned, 537.
Michael VII. (Parapinakes), character, ii.
46-rebellions, 50-cedes provinces in
Asia Minor to Seljouk Turks, 53-de-
throned, 56.

Michael VIII. (Paleologos) refuses ordeal,
ii. 392-debases gold coin,398-escapes
to Iconium, 407-oaths, 408-dissi-
mulation, ib.-sister tortured with cats,
409-intrigues, 412-oath on his elec-
tion as emperor, 415-fails in attack
on Constantinople, 423-enters Con-
stantinople, 432-crowned again

433-distrusts Genoese, 438-treaty
with Venice, 439 neglects com-
mercial interests of Greeks, 440-
cruelty to John IV., 442-excommu-
nicated by Arsenios, 443-absolved,
459 destroys Greek population in
Asia Minor, 446-recovers part of
Peloponnesus, 449-negotiates union
of Greek and Latin churches, 450,
452, 460-excommunicated by Greeks
and Latins, 452, 462-saved by Sicilian
Vespers, 453, 462-character, 457, 462
buried without funeral honours,

464.
Michael, son of Andronicus II., emperor,
ii. 477-meanness of character, 488-
defeated, 500, 507-death, 511.
Michael, see Keroularios.

Michael, first despot of Epirus, ii. 354-
Michael II. of Epirus, ii. 387, 391,
407, 408, 420, 421.

Michaeli, doge of Venice, ravages Archi-
pelago, ii. 222.

Military class separated from civilians, i.

33.

Moguls, ii. 384, 389-ravage Thrace, 533.
Mohammed I., Othoman sultan, ii. 599,
603, 604.

Mohammed II., character, ii. 621-builds
European castle, 623-prepares for
siege of Constantinople, 630-enters
St Sophia's, 645-cruelty, 648-pro-
tector of orthodox church, 650.
Mohammedan conquests favoured by
Christians, i. 159.

Monasteries, i. 96, 97, 194, 313, 353-on-
Athos, 471 note.

Monemvasia, work of art taken from, ii.

274.

-

sums,

Money, purity of Byzantine, i. 389-
adulterated, 389, ii. 57, 76-silver,
sent to Germany, 90 note
296.
Monks, i. 96, 468, ii. 302 note, 318.
Monopolies, i. 26-anecdote, 248, 175-

cause Bulgarian war, 310, 334-grain,
371, 388, ii. 48, 188, 390.
Morrha in Rhodope, ii. 546-confounded
with Morea, 558 note.
Motassem destroys Amorium, i. 188.
Municipalities, i. 25, 124, 532, 382, 537
-in Italy, 48, 93-Crete, 161 note-
Sicily, 165-abolished, 282-energy,
415, 540-want of, ii. 350.
Murad I., Othoman sultan, ii. 557, 580,
583.

Murad II., character, ii. 599, 612, 621.
Music, Byzantine, i. 150 note, 358 note.
Navy, Byzantine, see fleets, i. 12 note,
163, ii. 192, 193 note, 450.

Naxos tributary to Cretan Saracens, i.
327.

Neantzes, Patzinak, stabs soldier in pre-
sence of Alexius L., ii. 103.
Nicæa besieged by Saracens, i. 23-capi-
tal of Seljouks, ii. 107-recovered,
131 capital of Greek empire, 355,
357-Latin Duke of Nicæa, 355-bow-
men, 418 capitulation with Otho-
mans, 531.

Nicephorus I., ancestors, i. 109-toler-
ance, 115-fiscality, 116, 125-tribu-
tary to Haroun Al Rashid, 121-jealous
of municipal action, 124-Bulgarian
war, 125-skull a drinking-cup, 127.
Nicephorus II. (Phokas), grandfather, i.
297, 314 father, 367, 391 note-
campaigns, Syria, 367, 384, 391, 393-
Crete, 376-emperor, 386-monastery
on Athos, 386 note- marriage, 387
-ecclesiastical policy, 390- debased
tetarteron, 389-fortifies palace, 390--
Luitprand's account of, 391-relations
with Russia, 395-murder, 396-cha-
racter, 397.
Nicephorus III. (Botaneiates), ii. 56-
Sclavonian ministers of, ib.-dethron-
ed, 62 excommunicated by Pope,

118.

-

Nicephorus Bryennius rebel, ii. 55, 57
-grandson, husband of Anna Comnena,
160.

Nicephorus Basilakes, rebel, ii. 58.
Nicephorus Melissenos, rebel, ii. 58-
Cæsar, 69.

Nicephorus, patriarch and historian, i.
87, 113, 142, 147.

Nicephorus Gregoras, historian, ii. 568.
Nicetas, historian, escape from Constan-
tinople, ii. 336.

Nicomedia recovered, ii. 111- St So-
phia's fortified by Latins, 360-taken
by Othomans, 531.

Niketas, Sclavonian patriarch, anecdote,
i. 73 note.
Niketas, ass-
note.

3- visaged, i. 344 note, 362

Ordeal refused, ii. 392-undergone, 409.
Orkhan, Othoman sultan, legislator, ii.
527, 576, 593, 595-attempts to block-
ade Constantinople, 532-marriage
with Theodora Cantacuzena, 553-
son taken by pirates, 576-Christian
corps, 596 tribute-children, 597-
death, 576.

Orphanotrophos, John, prime minister,
i. 476, 480.

Oryphas mans Byzantine fleet, i. 163.
Oryphas, Niketas, transports ships over
isthmus of Corinth, i. 298.

Ouranos defeats Samuel, king of Achrida,
i. 440, 532 note.

Oursel, Frank in Byzantine service, ii. 52,

54.

Pachymeres, George, historian, visit to
Arsenios, ii. 458.

Painting, condemned by Iconoclasts, i. 68,
177-Byzantine, 266-miniatures, 267
note-miraculous, 42.

Papal supremacy, i. 88, 211-papal im-
morality, 357 note-402 note.
Partition treaty of Byzantine empire, ii.
328 et seq.

Pasgusa lake (Koralis), islands depopu-
lated, ii. 175, 231.

Patmos furnishes a galley to Byzantine
fleet, ii. 193 note.

Patriarch of Constantinople, extent, i. 15
-origin, 213-anecdote of Sclavonian,
73 note deposed and tortured, 74—
laymen elected, 86, 87, 113, 143, 209-
Basilios refuses to recognise temporal
authority, 399-wealth of Alexios, 504
- heretical, ii. 182 note, 470, 554, 561
-Gennadios selected by Turks, 650-
Latin, Morosini, described by Nicetas,
ii. 338 note.

Patriarch of Antioch crowns the rebel
Thomas, i. 155.

Patriarch of Jerusalem created, i. 213.
Patriarch of Bulgaria, i. 369, 438, ii. 80,
375, 383 note.

Patzinaks called Royal Scythians, i. 515
note-attack Khazar empire, 180-in
Europe, 341, 402-slay Swiatoslaff, 415
-invasions, 490,515-cross Bosphorus,
516-defeated, ii. 13, 104, 168-war
with Alexius I., 100-colony of, 105.
Paulicians, history, i. 289-tolerated, 71,
115-persecuted, 129, 199-rebellion,
200, 290-against Alexius I., ii. 78.
Pay of troops, ii. 488 note.

Peganes, origin of tale of Belisarius, i.

230.

Pelekanon, ii. 131, 529.

ii. 82, 183 note, 460, 568.

Persians in Byzantine empire, i. 182,
185.
Pestilence at Constantinople, i. 76, 77-
effects of, 476, 494, ii. 559 note, 600, 614.
Petronas, brother of Empress Theodora,
scourged, i. 172, 181, 221.
Petrus Siculus, embassy of, to Paulicians,
i. 290.

Philadelphia, ii. 489, 559-independent,
584.

Philomelium, ii. 154, 238.
Phocæa, 535, 576.

Phokas, Leo I., 342, 345-Leo, brother
of Nicephorus II., 400, 401-Bardas,
400, 429, 430, 431, 432.

Photius, i. 209, 210, 217-deposed by
Basil I., 274-reinstated, 277-deposed
and dies, 278, 311-calumniated, 278
-excommunicated by nine popes, 215,

311.

Pinakion, quarter of a modios, now half
a kilo, ii. 48, 441, notes.
Pirates, i. 64, 99, 103, 360-Saracen, 138,
159, 328, 360, 372, 475-ravage Attica,
328 note-piracy by Emperor Alexius
III., ii. 302-Turkish, 532-Greek, 567
-capture Khalil, son of Sultan Orkhan,
576.

Pisa, fleet of, plunders Greece, ii. 141—
commercial treaty with, 190-clause
in favour of shipwrecks, 191.
Plato, abbot, i. 97.

Plethon, George Gemistos, reform of
Greek society, ii. 609.
Pope Gregory II., i. 43, 46-Gregory
III., 49, 88-allegiance transferred to
Western Empire, 93-claims jurisdic-
tion in Eastern, 211-origin of papal
authority, ib.-quarrel with Eastern
church, 217-crimes, 357 note, 402 note
-Gregory VII. excommunicates Nice-
phorus III., ii. 118.

Population, increase and decrease, i. 162,

255, 379-middle class, 539-generally
disarmed, 33-decline in Roman em-
pire, 1-in Byzantine, ii. 277.
Precious metals, i. 163 note, 203 note,
252, 254, 542, ii. 478 note.
Prices, wheat, i. 66, 388 note, ii. 48, 481
-oil, 299-horse, 541 note-substitute
in army, 33, 163 note-equipment of
recruit, 116.

Prisoners, exchanges of, i. 60, 65, 106
note-197, 328, 364.

Prosakon taken by Servians, ii. 519.
Prusianos, duel, i. 463-aspires at By-
zantine throne, 470.

Psellos, Michael Constantine, i. 503 note,
536.

Punishments, i. 58, 64, 485, 487.

Pupakes, Turk, ii. 208, 253.
Ragusa, i. 294, ii. 577.

Ravenika, day's journey south of Zei-
touni, ii. 98 note.

Ravenna, i. 7, 47, 48-end of exarchate,
51 note-donation of, 75.
Rayner of Montferrat, ii. 242.
Rebellions, Artavasdos, i. 55-Bardanes,
111-Thomas, 154, 157-Symbatios
and Peganes, 229-Maniakes, 506-
Leo Tornikios, 509 Isaac I. (Com-
nenus), 537-Crispin, ii. 34-Oursel,
52-Nicephorus Bryennius, 55-Nice-
phorus Basilakes, Nicephorus Melisse-
nos, 58-Paulician, i. 200, 290, ii. 78
-Vallachian, 282-Alexis Branas, 283
-Chryses and Ivan, 307-Bithynian,
444-Cantacuzenos, 541.

Reforms of Leo III., i. 32, 279-required
in Greek empire, ii. 167.

Relics, i. 72, 366, 484, 393 note, 424, 393
note, 475, 484-stolen, ii. 274, 334.
Rhodes, ii. 72, 380, 390, 509, 453.
Richard I. of England conquers Cyprus,

ii. 292.

Robert Guiscard, ii. 88, 95, 99.
Roger, king of Sicily, establishes Greek
silk manufacturers at Palermo, ii.
199.

Roger de Flor, ii. 484, 495 et seq.
Roman empire reduced its subjects to

castes, 1, 25, 258-end foreseen, 6
note-density of population, 8—mili-
tary system, 33, 34-fiscal rapacity,
226-reformed by Leo III., 32.
Romanus I., Lekapenos his father, i. 291,
331, 342-emperor, 345- character,
346-wars, 361, 363, 364-coins, 349
note-deposed, 349.

Romanus II., i. 352, 353, 372, 373.
Romanus III (Arghyros), compelled to

marry Zoe, i. 465-character, 467-
Holy Sepulchre, 468-defeat, 472-
death, 477.

Romanus IV. (Diogenes), ii. 29, 30, 33—
defeat, 41, 43.

Russians mentioned in Septuagint and
Koran, i. 402 note-attack Constantin-
ople, 222, 330, 404, 405, 513-origin
of war with Nicephorus II., 395, 408
-commercial relations, 402, 406, 407
-cruelty, 404, 405-conquer Bulgaria,
408-defeated and expelled by John I.,
411, 413-in Byzantine service, 403,
448, 475, 535 note, 514-send money
to repair St Sophia's, ii. 561.
Sabas, independent governor of Amisos,

ii. 359.

Salomon, philosopher, plot of, ii. 74.
Samos, silk of, ii. 199 note.