Governor of Virginia, 481. Course
of, in the Convention, 481. Reasons
of, for supporting the Constitution,
481. Genealogy of, 485. Plan of
government proposed by, II. 32, 410.
A member of committee to appor-
tion representatives, 148. Objections
of, to compound ratio of representa-
tion, 151. Proposition of, respecting
census, 162; to strike out "wealth
from rule of representation, 164. In
favor of confining equality of States
in Senate to certain cases, 165.
Views of, respecting money bills,
218. Resolution of, respecting ad-.
mission of new States, 349. Clause
introduced by, respecting death of
President, &c., 403. Refused to sign
Constitution, why, 485, 555.

Posi-

tion of, respecting Constitution, 506.
Advocated adoption of Constitution
in Virginia convention, 556.
RANDOLPH, PEYTON, President of
first Continental Congress, I. 13;
of second Continental Congress, 28.
Death and character of, 28.
Ratification of Constitution, as mark-
ing character of government, II. 85.
Different theories respecting, 177.
Mode of, 375; resolutions respecting,
375; purpose of, 375; an embarrass-
ing question, 479. Vote of States
respecting, 483, 515. By only part
of States, effect of, 484. Unanimous,
could not be required, 484. By nine
States sufficient, 485. Pageants in
honor of, 540. Public rejoicings in Bal-
timore at, 543. By New Hampshire,
573, 578. By Virginia, 578; how
finally effected, 579; form of, 581.
Vitiated by condition, in Madison's
opinion, 588. Great struggle over,
in New York, 588. See the different
States.

Records and Judicial Proceedings of
States, full faith to be given to, in
other States, II. 449. Proof and
effect of, 449.

READ, GEORGE, views of, respecting
rule of suffrage for House of Repre-
sentatives, II. 135.

Regulation of Commerce proposed by
New Jersey in 1778, Î. 129. Not
provided for by the Confederation,
148. Advantages of, not perceived,
179. Origin of, as a national power,
276. Washington's views respect-
ing, 334. Popular meetings in Bos-
ton in favor of, 336. Policy of

Congress respecting, in 1785 - 86,
337.

Representation, views of members of
Convention respecting, II. 18. In
Congress, different views respecting,
36; difficulty in fixing ratio of, 44. As
affected by State interests, 43. Origi-
nal division between States respect-

ing, 50. Under Virginia and New
Jersey plans, 105. Great difficulty
in adjusting, 108. Difficulty of fix-
ing different basis of, for two houses
of Congress, 133. Committee to ad-
just whole system of, 145. Dr. Frank-
lin's proposal in Congress concern-
ing, 146. Ratio of, in House of
Representatives, 147. Of slaves, 149.
Compound ratio of, depending on
numbers and wealth, proposed, 149;
objections to, 151; how to be applied,
156. By numbers, as affected by
slaves, 153, 291. And taxation to
go together, 156. System of, pro-
posed by Constitution, discussion on
in New York, 573.

Representatives, part of the Provincial
government, I. 4. In the charter gov-
ernments, how chosen, 5. Appor-
tionment of, objections to, II. 148;
in first House, how made, 148.
Representative Government familiar to
the American people, I. 117.
Reprisals authorized by the Continen-
tal Congress, I. 34.
Republican Government involved in the
effort to make the Constitution, I.
391. Guaranteed to States, II. 177;
by Constitution, 458. Guaranty of,
to States, object of, 468; meaning
of, in America, 469.

Republican Liberty, nature of, II. 8.
How to be preserved, 9.
Resolutions as referred to committee of
detail, II. 190.

Requisitions, provision for, under the
Confederation, I. 147. Of 1781, 156.
Made and not complied with, 174.
From 1782 to 1786, how treated,
180. In 1784, 240. In 1785, 242.
In 1786, 242. Supply received from,
in 1781 1786, 243; inadequacy of,
declared by Congress, 245. Effect
of, on the proposed revenue system,
244.

Revenue, report of committee of detail
respecting, II. 289. Power over, gen-
erally conceded to new government,
290. Different systems of, under
Confederation, 310. Powers of gov

ernment, influence of, 311. Power,
qualifications of, proposed, 320.
From imports, easiest mode of pay-
ing expenses of government, 528.
Revenues, of the Confederation, I. 147.
Want of power in Confederation to
obtain, II. 280. Numerous questions
respecting, 280. Collection of, by
Congress, 323.

Revenue Bills, privilege of originating,
views of members of Convention re-
specting, II. 221; restricted to House
of Representatives, 221.

Revenue System of 1783, origin and
purpose of, I. 175. Modified by
Congress, 180. Defeated by New
York, 180. Design of, 185. Effect
of its proposal, 186. Character of,
224. Under consideration in 1784,
240. How acted on in 1786, 244.
New appeal of Congress on the sub-
ject of, 245. Every State assents to,
but New York, 246. Act of New
York concerning, 246. Hamilton's
answer to the New York objections
to, 247. New York again appealed
to respecting, 247; refuses to ac-
cede, 248. Action of New York re-
specting, 343. Final appeal of Con-
gress for, 344. Rejected by New
York, 345, 359. Address on, writ-
ten by Madison, 422.
Revolution, right of, II. 473.
Revolutionary Congress, take up the
Articles of Confederation, I. 113.
Government of, breaking down, 115.
Change in the members of, after
1777, 125. Leading members of, in
1777 and 1778, 126; in 1776, 127.
Weakness of, II. 14. See Congress.
Revolutionary Government, defects of,

I. 55.

Rhode Island, a charter government, I.
5. Resists the claim of the great
States to Western lands, 131. Refuses
to grant imposts to Congress, 174.
Hamilton's answer to, 177. Attempts
to pay its quotas in paper money,
242. Refusal of, to grant duties on
imposts, 422. Not represented in Con-
stitutional Convention, II. 23, 181.
Did not assent to revenue system of
1783, 24. Admitted to Union in
1790, 25. Interests of, attended to
by Convention, 26. Had one repre-
sentative in first House, 149. Rati-
fication of Constitution by, improb-.
able, 181. Reason of, for not attend-
ing Convention, 329. Took no part

in formation of Constitution, 484.
Opposition to Constitution in, pecu-
liarly intense, 598; causes of, 598.
Jealous of other States, 598. Prin-
ciples of founders of, falsely ap-
plied, 598. Paper money party in,
great power of, 599. Great antago-
nism in, between town and country,
600. Opponents of Constitution in,
ridiculed and scorned, 600. Great
want of enlightenment in, 601. Ac-
tion of General Assembly of, on Con-
stitution, 602. People of, apparently
nearly unanimous against Constitu-
tion, 602. Final prevalence of bet-
ter counsels in, 603. Present pros-
perity of, 603. Attitude of, placed
Union in new crisis, 603.
Rights. See Colonies.
ROBINSON, Mr., Speaker of Virginia
House of Burgesses, I. 48. Cele-
brated compliment of, to Washing-
ton, 48.

ROUSSEAU, J. J., political discussions
of, alluded to, I. 377.

Rule of Apportionment, proposal to
change from land to numbers, I. 241.
RUTLEDGE, EDWARD, in favor of
Constitution, II. 510. Arguments
of, in convention of South Carolina,
548.
RUTLEDGE, JOHN, a member of com-
mittee to apportion representatives,
II. 148. Motion of, for assumption
of State debts, 319. In favor of
Constitution, 510.

S.

Seat of Government, action respecting,
II. 189. None under Confederation,
268. History of establishment of,
268. Grave questions concerning
location of, 274. Impolicy of estab
lishing at New York, or Philadel-
phia, 591. Embarrassments attend-
ing selection of, 604.

Sectional Jealousy, causes and opera-
tion of, I. 371.

SELMAN, captain in the Revolutionary
naval force, I. 74.
Senate, reasons for present constitu-
tion of, II. 41. Rule of suffrage in, 48.
Numerical representation in, favored
at first, 49. To hold office during
"good behavior" under Hamilton's
plan, 100, 105. Members of, chosen
for six years, 134; qualifications of,

134, 223. Objects of, 138; how to
be attained, 138. Difficulty in fixing
basis of, 139. Mr. Baldwin's model
of, 139. Fortunately not founded
on relative wealth of States, 140.
Votes of States respecting, 141; rep-
resentation in, 165. Advantages of
present constitution of, 166. Mem-
bers of, to be two from each State,
186; to vote per capita, 186; must
have been citizens nine years, 211.
Slight analogy of, to House of Lords,
215. Equality of votes in, by what
States resisted, 217. Choice of Presi-
dent by, in certain events, proposed,
221, 390. Scheme of, tending to
oligarchy, 222. May amend revenue
bills, 222. Powers of, as at first
proposed, 223. Number of members
of, origin of, 224. Method of voting
in, origin of, 224. Present mode of
voting in, advantages of, 228. Va-
cancies in, how filled, 229. Primary
purpose of, 229. Disposition to ac-
cumulate power in, 230. Constitu-
tion of, great embarrassments respect-
ing, 233. Separate action of, difficult
to determine, 234. Consent of, to
certain acts of President, necessary,
235. Proposed choice of President
by, objections to, 236. Only body
fit to have revisionary control over
appointments, 239. Ratification of
treaties by, 240. Ultimate choice of
President taken from, 240. Length
of term in, 240. Biennial change in,
241. To try impeachments, 261.
Quorum of, 262. President of, 263.
May choose president pro tempore,
264. Choice of President by, quorum
for, 401; majority necessary to, 401.
President pro tempore of, when to act
as President of the United States,
403. Proposed appointment of am-
bassadors and judges by, 410. For-
eign relations committed to, 410.
Treaty-making power of, 415. May
propose treaty to President, 417.
Certain controversies between States,
proposed to be tried by, 424. Equal-
ity of States in, guaranteed by Con-
stitution, 478.

Shays's Rebellion, causes of, I. 266.
Progress of, 266, 269. How arrested,
270. How acted upon in Congress,
271. Effect of, upon the political
state of the country, 273. Abettors
of, opposed to Constitution, II.
501.

of, in 1787, 451. Probable dura-
tion of, 451. Principle of common
law and law of nations respecting,
451, 455. Exclusively a matter of
State jurisdiction, 451. Existed in
Colonies at very early period, 453.
In Massachusetts, Dr. Belknap's
article on, 454. Depends wholly on
municipal law, 457. Fortunately left
to State control, 459. Existence of,
unjustly made a reproach on United
States, 465.

Slaves, as affecting _ratio of repre-
sentation, II. 19. Control of States
over, never meant to be surrendered,
20. Necessarily regarded in forming
Constitution, 20. As affecting basis
of representation, 46. In fixing ratio
of representation, included as inhabit-
ants, 47. Three-fifths rule respecting,
whence derived, 48. In fixing ra
tio of representation, how comput-
ed, 147; admission of, proper, 147.
Propriety of counting, as inhabitants,
in adjusting representation, 150.
Rule respecting, under Confedera-
tion, 150. As affecting representa-
tion, votes respecting, 153. Social
and political condition of, anomalous,
155. Number and distribution of,
155. An important element in de-
termining rank of States, 155. As
affecting representation and taxation,
157. As subjects of taxation, views
of statesmen respecting, 159. Com-
promise respecting, how to be effect-
ed, 163. Extradition of, Pinckney's
proposition concerning, 189. Manu-
mission of, a matter of State con-

trol, 286. Representation of, a con-
cession by North, why made, 292;
Morris's motion respecting, 293; vote
of New Jersey respecting, 293. Spe-
cific tax on importation of, 304.
Word not used in Constitution by
design, 305. Ratio of increase of,
from 1790 to 1850, 308. Condition
of, ameliorated by Constitution, 316.
Advancing public sentiment concern-
ing, 316. Colonization of, in Africa,
317. Representation of, an unimpor-
tant anomaly, 317. Emancipation
of, a local question, 317. Extra-
dition of, under Constitution, history
of clause respecting, 450; a neces-
sary provision of Constitution, 451;
under New England Confederation
of 1643, 453; under Ordinance of
1787, 454; importance of proper
understanding of clause respecting,
456; necessity and propriety of clause,
459. Condition of, much better un-
der State control, 462. Increase of,
since adoption of Constitution, 465.
See Federal Census.

Slave-Trade, discountenanced by first
Continental Congress, I. 24. How
dealt with by the Constitution, 456.
Abolished in England, 457, 461.
French abolition of, 457. Danish
abolition of, 459. Compromise re-
specting, 460. Legislation against,
460. Discussions respecting, in Eng-
land, 460. Probable encouragement
of, II. 153; embarrassments respect-
ing, 281. State action respecting,
285. Necessity of definite provision
respecting, 285. Duty of framers of
Constitution respecting, 286. Had
been abolished by no nation in 1787,
286. A proper subject for national
action, 286. Aspect of, political, 287;
moral, 287. Economical importance
of, to Southern States, 288. Report
of committee of detail respecting,
290. Grave questions concerning, 296.
Right to continue, insisted on by
what States, 297, 301. Prospective
prohibition of, provided for, 304.
Concessions respecting, timely, 305.
Vote of States respecting, 305. Pa-
triotic course of both sections re-
specting, 306. Effect of discontinu-
ance of, on Southern States, 308.
State rights respecting, before Con-
stitution, 314. Tolerated by Euro-
pean nations at formation of Consti-
tution, 314. Interdicted by ten States

before Constitution, 314. Refusal of
certain States to grant power to sup-
press, immediately, 315. Indefinite
continuance of, had Constitution not
been formed, 315. First extinguished
by America, 317.

South Carolina, a provincial govern-
ment, I. 4. Constitution of, formed,
120. Tender-law of, 253. Appoints
and instructs delegates to the Con-
vention, 369. Opposed to equality
of suffrage in House of Representa-
tives, II. 138; equal vote of States in
Senate, 141, 148, 165, 217. Had five
representatives in first House, 149.
Opposed to census of free inhabitants,
153; executive holding office during
"good behavior," 173. Vote of, re-
specting citizenship as qualification
for office, 209; money bills, 216, 218.
Opposed to each State having one
vote in Senate, 227. In favor of
States paying members of Congress,
259. Refusal of, to submit to tax on
exports, 280, 285. Exports of, in
one year, 285. Position of, in Con-
vention, respecting slave-trade, 297,
301. Vote of, respecting slave-trade,
305. Vote on Jefferson's resolve
concerning Northwestern Territory,
346. Cession by, in 1787, 356.
Vote of, on suspension of habeas cor-
pus, 360. Condition of acceptance
of Constitution by, 452. Motion for
surrender of fugitive slaves made by,
in Constitutional Convention, 453.
Vote of, respecting citizenship clause
in Constitution, 453. Debate in
legislature of, on Constitution, 510.
Convention in, to vote on Constitu-
tion, 511; importance of action of,
542. Ratification of Constitution
by, 544; rejoicings at, 544; impor-
tance of, 544. Delegates of, respon-
sibility assumed by, 544. A great
exporting State, 546. Hesitation of,
to concede power to regulate com-
merce, 546. Amendments to Con-
stitution proposed by, 548. Eighth
State to ratify Constitution, 549.
Southern States, views of, respecting
regulation of commerce, II. 290.
Sovereignty, of the people, established
by the Revolution, I. 379; necessary
consequences of declaration of, II.
8. Resides in the people, 38. Pow-
ers of, may be exercised by different
agents, 377.

Spain, claims the exclusive navigation

of the Mississippi, I. 312. See Mis-
sissippi.

Speaker, of House of Representatives,
II. 264; when to act as President, 403.
Standing Armies, jealousy of, I. 81, 90.
States, interests and relations of, before
Constitution, II. 5. Devotion of,
to republican liberty, 6. Union of,
essential to republican liberty, 9.
Weakness of, without union, 9.
General purposes of, in calling Con-
stitutional Convention, 16. Position
of, in Convention, 27. Powers sur-
rendered by, to Confederation, 27.
Why represented in Congress, 40.
Diverse interests of, as affecting rep-
resentation, 43. Tendency of, to en-
croach on federal authority, 51. Pro-
posed control over legislation of, by
Congress, 52. Population of, in 1790,
table of, 55. Legislation of, control
of judicial department over, 66. Ad-
mission of, 75, 79, 109, 176, 340,
344, 350, 354. Cessions by, to
Union, 76. Republican government
guaranteed to, 79, 83, 177, 458.
Jealous of general government, 91.
Sovereignty of, how reconciled with
national sovereignty, 91. Plan to
abolish, 92. To make partial sur-
render of power under Virginia
plan, 95. Sovereignty of, preserved
under New Jersey plan, 95. Con-
flicts of, with nation, probable, un-
der Virginia plan, 102, 103. Strug-
gle between large and smaller, re-
specting representation, 104. Pro-
posed equalization of, 108. Popu-
lations of, at formation of Constitu-
tion, 116. Relative rank of, at for-
mation of Constitution, 117. Con-
flict among, as to national and fed-
eral systems, 117. Danger of anni-
hilation of sovereignty of, by national
government, 128, 377. Danger of
alliances of, with foreign powers, 136.
Preservation of, in Congress, conced-
ed to be necessary, 139. Divided re-
specting constitution of Senate, 145.
Jealousy among, 150. Western,
views of members respecting, 150.
Slave and free, index of wealth of,
157. Wealth of, not measured by
land, 160. Position of, in Conven-
tion, respecting slaves, 161, 162.
Wealth of, for purpose of taxa-
tion, determined by inhabitants, 163.
Smaller, concession to, in constitu-
tion of Senate, 166. Free and slave,

populations of, compared, 168. Re-
lation of, to Confederation, 179.
Whether Constitution could be rati-
fied by government of, 180. Voting
by, history of practice of, 227. Equal
representation of, in Senate, just, 233.
Union desired by, from different mo-
tives, 303. Commercial legislation
of, under Confederation, various, 310.
Revenue and paper-money systems
of, under Confederation, various, 310.
Rights guaranteed to, by Constitu-
tion, 314. Power of, over slave-
trade, anterior to Constitution, 314.
Ports of one, not to be preferred to
those of another, 324. Compacts
between, outside of Articles of Con-
federation, 347. New, temporary
governments for, Madison's motion
respecting, 351. Admission of, num-
ber of votes requisite for, 352; by
dismemberment of State, 352; by
junction, 354; difference in cases of,
357; provisions for, general, 358.
Restraints on political power of, 362.
Issuing of bills of credit prohibited
to, 364. Laying of duties and im-
posts by, 368. Cannot lay duty on
tonnage, 370. Keeping of troops or
ships of war by, 371. Agreements
by, with another State or foreign
power, 371. When may engage in
war, 371. Governments of, how far
supreme, 377. May be multiplied
indefinitely under Constitution, 383.
Levying war against, not treason
against United States, 385. Certain
controversies between, proposed to
be tried by Senate, 424. Constitu-

tional restrictions on, 432. Laws of,
constitutionality of, how determined,
439. Courts of, not likely to admin-
ister justice to foreigners, &c., 442.
Different, controversies between citi-
zens of, 442; grants of lands by,
jurisdiction of cases respecting, 444.
A party to a suit, jurisdiction in cases
of, 444. Foreign, jurisdiction in
cases of, 444. Full faith given to
acts, &c. of, 449. Have exclusive
regulation of domestic institutions,
451. May exclude foreigners, 457.
Republican government guaranteed
to, object of, 468. Domestic violence
in, application to general govern-
ment in case of, 469. Competency
of, to abolish constitutions, 469.
Must have executive and legislature,
470. Protection of, against domestic