which the greater part was re-exported to Lisbon, in order to feed the British troops opposed to the French armies in the Peninsula. It is manifest from his encouraging a direct trade with Britain, that the European Continent cannot subsist without her commerce, and since he has so constantly avowed it to be the rooted purpose of his soul to destroy her, she ought to put a stop entirely to all trade between the Continent and all other nations, including her own dominions; that the modern Phalaris might be made to creep into his own bull, and receive the destruction which he had vainly endeavored to prepare for her. If Britain would rigidly interdict all commercial intercourse to the dominions of Buonaparte, he must either soon relinquish his present absurd system, or perish in the universal insurrection raised among his slaves, by the nakedness and hunger inflicted upon them, in his wanton and capricious cruelty.

It is now time to examine how far the other portions of British trade (excluding that with continental Europe) have been affected by the French decrees. In considering this question it is necessary to notice the American embargo, &c. as part of the French system. Because our government newspapers and leaders in congress have ever since the year 1805, to the present moment, persisted in declaring, that "Great Britain must inevitably perish in the present conflict with France, if the United States will only put an end to all commercial dealings with her." And accordingly on the 2d Nov. 1810, Mr. Madison, the President, issued a proclamation, solemnly asserting that on 1st Nov. 1810, the French decrees were repealed, and that if Great Britain did not rescind her orders in council before the 2d February, 1811, the United States would inflict a non-intercourse upon her. The 2d of February, 1811, is past, the ships which come into our ports from England are seized for disobeying the non-intercourse law. But the

French decrees have never been repealed. See Champagny's Exposé to Napoleon, dated 13th December, 1810, for proof that they never are to be repealed until after Britain shall have withdrawn her orders in council. The bare statement of these well known facts is quite sufficient to prove that the American restrictions upon commerce are a part of “the emperor's system" which is "so infallibly to conquer England." I have in my possession several bundles of calculations made in and out of congress, all proving "that Great Britain could not possibly hold out six months under the pressure of an embargo laid on by the United States, the supplies sent from which being indispensably necessary to her existence as a nation," and so forth, and so forth.

The chief supplies sent from the United States to Britain are cotton-wool, linseed, tumber, fish and provisions. Now at least one half of the cotton-wool received into Britain used to be re-exported in the state of yarn or other partly manufactured form, to the European continent; continental Europe therefore and not Britain would be deprived of its accustomed supply by the American embargo, supposing that it could prevent the importation of raw cotton into England. But other countries can supply her with this article even if the United States should never again raise for exportation a single cotton plant. The average annual produce of cotton at Bombay in the British East-Indies before the embargo, used to be 6,000 bales, since the embargo, that is to say, in the years 1808, 1809, and 1810, the yearly average has been 85,000 bales, an increase of more than fourteenfold per annum. The Brazils also have sent a ten ́fold annual average to Britain since the embargo, and can furnish her with that article to any possible extent for which she may have a demand. The British African settlements, particularly that at Sierra Leon have likewise sent a considerable quantity of cotton

to England, and measures are now taken to extend the cultivation of that plant on the African coast, where it thrives to the full as well as it does in the Southern States of the Union. The following statement of the quantity of cotton imported into London and Liverpool in the two years ending 5th January, 1809, is given because the year 1808 being the first year of the American embargo, its power to injure Britain would then be greatest, in as much as sufficient time had not then elapsed to supply by new channels of trade those commodities which had been usually drawn from the United States.

Decrease in 1808, in bags 131,131, minus 15,512, equal to 115,619.

In the year ending 1st January, 1810, the importation of cotton into Britain, not from the United States, but from the other cotton-growing districts.

of the world, particularly from the East-Indies, the Brazils, the West-Indies, and Africa, amounted to nearly double the quantity imported in the year ending on 1st January, 1808; and consequently, although Britain is not ruined for want of that article, yet the United States have lost a market for more than half their average annual growth of that plant.

Linseed has been obtained in sufficient quantities from Continental Europe. Lumber, fish and provisions have been abundantly furnished through the medium of the British North-American colonies; which, under due encouragement from the parentstate, can supply timber, fish, flour, pork, &c. &c. to any amount required. Jamaica, in 1808, during the first year of the American embargo, which was diligently announced "as unavoidably and at all events to starve the British West-Indies," was so well supplied with flour through the other colonies of Britain, that of one thousand barrels shipped to that island from Ireland in the month of April, 1808, instead of twenty thousand, which were ordered under the expectation of a deficient supply from the United States, less than one half had been with difficulty sold under prime cost by December, 1808, nine months after its shipment from Britain. Flour was often during that year cheaper at Kingston than at Philadelphia. In the three last months of the year 1808, no less than 44,000 barrels of flour were sent from Halifax, and 36,000 from St. Andrew in NewBrunswick, to the British West-Indies. The British North-American fisheries had languished for some years previous to our embargo; but by the aid of that measure, they are now thriving so extensively as to promise a speedy and sufficient supply to all the West-India islands. Before the embargo, the NorthAmerican colonists were in the habit of selling the produce of their fisheries and their forests, on the

most disadvantageous terms for themselves, to the people of the U. States, who shipped it to the West-Indies. They now ship it themselves direct to the other British colonies, and in consequence acquire a profit fourfold greater than that formerly obtained. Under proper protection from the mother-country, the British empire throughout all its dominions might receive a sufficient supply of lumber from the extensive forests of Cape Breton, lying immediately on the seacoast or near the banks of navigable rivers, and from the inexhaustible woods of Canada, Nova-Scotia and New-Brunswick.

The following tables will shew how much the British North-American colonies have augmented their trade, in consequence of that embargo, which was laid for the express purpose of destroying them in common with their parent-state. The subjoined statement is taken from an "Account of Imports of dutiable Articles into and Exports from the port of Quebec," for the years ending 5th January, 1806, 1807, 1808, 1809, 1810.

The following table is taken from an “ Account of the number of Vessels employed inwards and outwards, with their tonnage, guns, and men, at the port of Halifax, Nova-Scotia," in the years ending 5th January, 1806, 1807, 1808, 1809, 1810.

53