dried state. They are much used in cookery, confectionary, perfumery, and medicine.

The Almond is propagated by seed for varieties, or for stocks; and by budding on its own, or on Plum stocks, for continuing varieties. The Almond tree bears chiefly on the young wood of the previous year, and in part upon small spurs or minor branches; it is therefore pruned like the Apricot and Peach, and its culture in other respects is the

same.

CHERRY.

CERISIER. Prunus cerasus.

THE Cherry, of the cultivated varieties, is said to have been first introduced into Italy in the year 73, from a town in Pontus, in Asia, called Cerasus, whence its specific name; and it was introduced into Britain one hundred and twenty years afterward.

The Romans had eight species in Pliny's time, red, black, tender-fleshed, hard-fleshed, small bitter-flavoured, and heartshaped. There are now upward of two hundred in cultivation. The French divide their Cherries into griottes, or tender-fleshed; bigarreau, or heart-shaped; and guignes, or small fruit. The fruit of many varieties is somewhat heartshaped, whence they are called ox-heart, white-heart, blackheart, &c.; why some sorts are called dukes, is not so obvious. The morello cherry is very different from the other varieties, bearing almost exclusively from the preceding year's wood, and the pulp of the fruit having the consistence and flavour of the fungi called morel, whence the name. The Chinese Cherry is valuable on account of its bearing an excellent fruit, and ripening it in forcing-houses.

Cherries are grafted or budded on seedlings from Cherry stones, and from seedlings of the red and black mazzard. For dwarfing they are worked on the morello, or perfumed

Cherry; the latter is preferred in Holland. In this country, the budding system is more frequently practised on the various species of stone fruit than grafting.

Cherry trees, in general, produce the fruit upon small spurs or studs, from half an inch to two inches in length, which proceed from the sides and ends of the two year, three year, and older branches; and as new spurs continue shooting from the extreme parts, it is a maxim in pruning both standards and espaliers, not to shorten the bearing branches when there is room for their regular extension.

The Morello is in some degree an exception, as it bears principally on the shoots of the preceding year, the fruit proceeding immediately from the eyes of shoots; and bears but casually, and in a small degree, on close spurs formed on the two-year-old wood, and scarcely ever on wood of the third year; therefore, in pruning, leave a supply of young shoots on all the branches from the origin to the extremity of the tree, for next year's bearers.

All kinds of Cherry trees, except the Morello, are apt to grow very tall; to remedy this, and to enable them to form handsome heads, the leading shoot should be cut off when of about three years' growth from the bud; after which give only occasional pruning, to reform or remove any casual irregularity from cross-placed or very crowded branches, and take away all cankery and decayed wood.

Dwarf Cherry trees may be introduced into the Kitchen Garden, and trained as espaliers, &c. When Morellos are planted in an orchard, they may be placed from fifteen to twenty feet apart; trees of the duke kind may be planted from twenty-five to thirty feet apart; and the heart-shaped, in general, will require to be from thirty to forty feet from each other, or from any spreading trees.

Cherry trees may be removed the first year after the bud is established; but they will bear removal at any time before they come into bearing, which is about the fifth year.

The gum which exudes from Cherry trees is equal to

Gum Arabic; and Hasselquist relates, "that more than one hundred men, during a siege, were kept alive for nearly two months, without any other sustenance than a little of this gum taken sometimes into the mouth, and suffered gradually to dissolve." The wood is hard and tough, and used by the turner and cabinet maker.

SELECT DESCRIPTIVE LIST OF CHERRIES.

DUKE AND ROUND FRUIT.

AMBREE DE CHOISY, Belle de Choisy of Downing. Cerise Doucette, Cerisc de la Palembre of the French gardens. A middle size roundish fruit, highly deserving of cultivation. Skin transparent, red, mottled with amber; flesh amber coloured, tender, and sweet. It bears well as a standard, and ripens its fruit in June.

A large

ARCHDUKE, Royal Duke, Griotte de Portugal, Portugal Duke. globular-formed red cherry; like the May Duke, it grows in clusters, but the tree grows more vigorously than that variety; and yields an abundance of fruit, which hangs a long time on the tree improving in flavour, in July.

BELLE ET MAGNIFIQUE. A fine round cherry, much esteemed in Massachusetts. The tree is vigorous and productive; the fruit truly magnificent; its colour red, mottled with white spots, and abounding in acid; valuable from its late maturity, in July.

CARNATION, Cerise Nouvelle d'Angleterre, and Cerise de Portugal, of Downing. Late Spanish, Griotte d'Espagne, and Griotte de Villenes, of Prince. Fruit round, of a pale red colour; flesh firm, with a very good flavoured juice; makes excellent preserves, and is good for the table in July.

DOWNER'S LATE RED, Downer's Favourite. A large round cherry, deserving a place in every garden, raised by S. Downer, Esq., of Dorchester, Massachusetts; colour light red; flesh firm and of a fine sprightly flavour; ripening after most other superior varieties are gone, on which account this variety is highly prized in the markets.

Virginian May, Long Stem Mr. Prince says that other names. The fruit of this

KENTISH, Early Kentish, Early Richmond, Montmorency, Montmorency a longue queue. varieties are sold erroneously under the above variety is round; skin red; flesh sprightly acid; juice abundant; excellent for the table and kitchen. It will hang long on the tree, in favourable weather, in June and July.

LATE DUKE, Cerise Anglaise tardive, Unique nouvelle. Fruit large, above the size of a May Duke; obtuse heart shaped, rather flat; skin a shining dark red; flesh amber coloured, tender, juicy, and high flavoured. Tree a great bearer, and ripens its fruit in July.

MAY DUKE, Early Duke, and Cerise d'Angleterre, of Downing. Hol

man's Duke, June Duke, Griotte de Portugal, and Royale hative, of Prince. Fruit of medium size, roundish, growing in clusters; the skin, when fully ripe, very dark red; the flesh is soft and juicy, with a very pleasant acid. This excellent variety ripens about the middle of June.

MORELLO, English Morello, Milan, Cerise du nord, Griotte du nord. Fruit of medium size, round; of a dark red colour, nearly black at maturity; flesh deep red, tender, juicy, and blended with an agreeable acid; ripe in July, and hangs some time on the tree. This variety is excellent for preserves, and for Brandy.

PLUMSTONE MORELLO. A tree of moderate size, of the Duke or Kentish species; a very large, dark, round cherry, nearly black; of a rich acid flavour. The stone is very large, and resembles that of a plum; a native of Virginia, introduced by William Prince, of the Linnæn Botanic Garden, Flushing.

WATERLOO, A large, roundish, dark cherry, inclining to black at maturity; the flesh is firm and of an excellent flavour; raised by a daughter of Mr. Knight, and so named from perfecting its fruit soon after the battle of Waterloo. The tree is of strong but irregular growth, and ripens its fruit in July.

HEART-SHAPED AND BIGARREAUS.

AMERICAN AMBER, Early Amber, New Honey. A beautiful heart-shaped cherry, of medium size, and dark pink or amber colour; flesh, rich, sweet, and excellent. It ripens early in June.

AMERICAN HEART, Arden's White Heart. A medium sized cherry, of pale yellowish colour; obtuse heart shaped; flesh tender and palatable, but not high flavoured. The tree, which ripens its fruit in June, is very productive.

BELLE DE ROCMONT, Bigarreau de Rocmont, Cœur de pigeon, Bigarreau commun. A beautiful heart shaped fruit, of pale yellowish and red colour, marbled and glossy; flesh firm, white; juice sprightly and of an agreeable flavour: in June and July.

BIGARREAU, Black. Manning's Black Bigarreau. This variety is considered highly deserving a place in every good collection; it originated in Mr. Manning's nursery at Salem; the fruit is large, colour black; flesh sweet and of peculiar rich flavour. The tree grows handsome, is very productive, and ripens its fruit in July.

Spanish, White BiVery large, obtuse, next the sun; flesh

BIGARREAU, Graffion, Turkey Bigarreau, Yellow garreau, Imperial, Guigne Ambree, White Orleans. heart-shaped; yellowish amber colour, but fine red firm, white, sweet, and well flavoured; a beautiful and excellent fruit: ripe in June and July. This variety commands the highest price in market.

BIGARREAU WHITE, White Ox Heart, and Harrison's Heart, of Downing. White Bigarreau Tradescant, and Bigarreau blanc le gros, of Prince. Fruit large; obtuse heart shaped; of pale yellow and white colour, mottled with red; flesh white, firm, and well flavoured: ripe in June and July. BLACK EAGLE. A beautiful variety, raised by Miss Knight, of Downton Castle, 1806: fruit of globular form, and middle size; skin dark purple, or nearly black; flesh very tender, rich, and of excellent flavour. The tree grows strong, very upright, and ripens its fruit early,

BLACK HEART, Guignier a Fruit noir. Fruit rather large, heart-shaped; dark purple, approaching to black at maturity; flesh dark red, tender, of excellent flavour: ripe early in July. Tree a good bearer.

BLACK TARTARIAN, Black Circassian, Fraser's Black Tartarian, Black Russian, Ronald's Large Black Heart, Fraser's Black Heart. A very large heart-shaped fruit, of a most superior quality; colour dark shining purple, or black; flesh firm, dark red or purple; sweet, and of most excellent flavour in June and July. The tree grows rapid, and is very productive. DAVENPORT'S EARLY BLACK, New May Duke. This variety is considered as one of the finest and most productive of early cherries known. The fruit is of medium size, heart-shaped, of a dark glossy black colour; flesh firm, and of a pleasant sub-acid flavour. It ripens a week or ten days earlier than the May Duke.

ELKHORN, Black Oxheart, Tradescant's Black, Bigarreau gros noir, Large Black Bigarreau. A large, black, heart-shaped cherry, well suited to bear carriage to market from the firmness of its flesh. This variety ripens the second and third week in July, when other kinds are scarce.(Prince.)

ELTON. This excellent variety was raised by Mr. Knight in 1806; the tree is very vigorous and productive; the fruit is pretty large, heart-shaped; pale glossy yellow in the shade, but marbled with bright red next the sun; flesh firm. sweet, and rich: ripens soon after the May Duke.

FLORENCE. A very fine heart-shaped cherry; of a yellow amber colour, marbled with bright red in the shade, bright red next the sun; flesh tolerably firm, juicy, rich, and sweet: ripe end of June and in July.

GIRDLEY, Apple Cherry. A native fruit of medium size, which originated on the firm of Mr. Girdley, of Roxbury, near Boston; the colour is black, the flesh firm, and of a fine flavour: in July. The tree grows vigorous, and is very productive.

KNIGHT'S EARLY BLACK. The blossoms of this variety appear very early; its fruit resembles the Waterloo; of a rich dark hue; its flesh is firm. juicy, and abundantly sweet by the middle of June.

MAZZARD, BLACK. This cherry grows wild, and is cultivated also in abundance in various parts of England. It is the principal fruit employed for the making of Cherry Brandy, and the stocks of the species are best adapted for nursery men to bud and graft the better kinds on.

NAPOLEON BIGARREAU, Bigarreau Napoleon, Lauermann, Gros Bigarreau de Luuermann. The tree of this variety is remarkable for the vigour and beauty of its growth; it produces a fine large white fruit with red spots; the flesh is remarkably white, solid, and of a sweet, agreeable flayour early in July.

WHITE BIGARREAU. Mr. Manning represents this as one of the largest and finest cherries known. The form is obtuse, heart-shaped; skin pale yellow, with a bright red cheek; flesh very firm, juicy, sweet, and fine flavoured ripe in July. Mr. Manning observes, that this variety has the reputation of being a shy bearer, but that in his orchard it yields an abundance of fruit; and, that owing to the hardness of its flesh, is not liable to injury from birds; on this account, he says, it is highly deserving of cultivation.

WHITE HEART, Remington White Heart, Late White Heart. A moderate sized cherry, of pleasant flavour; chiefly valuable for its very late ma