partly from financial reasons-the state revenues being principally indirectand partly because, as the foreign manufacturer had to pay so high a duty, it was only fair that the home manufacturer should pay something. The duty of skilling per lb. was therefore continued, and was reckoned as equal to 3 per cent. Of cotton manufactures, the annual import was 1,678,573 lb. in the quinquennium 1841-45; only 1,440,476 lb. in the next five years; and in 1852 only 954,491 lb. Cotton yarn, undyed, unspun, has hitherto paid a duty of 6 skillings per lb.; the government proposed 4 skillings, equal to 20 per cent., but the house reduced it still lower, or to 4 skillings per lb. In 1845 there were only three cotton spinneries in Norway; in 1850 there were nine. Unbleached cotton cloth: present duty 16 skillings per lb.; government proposition, 12 skillings; the parliament fixed the duty at 10 skillings. Printed cottons are fixed at 36 skillings per lb. Other cotton goods now pay 32 skillings; the government proposed 28 skillings per lb., but the house reduced the duty to 25 skillings per lb. Tricotage is reduced from 40 to 36 skillings. Other changes have been made in the Norwegian tariff, but these are the most important.-Economist, June 10, 1854.

DENMARK.

LONDON, &c.

SECRETARY OF LEGATION.-COUNT REVENTLOW CRIMINIL,
14, Arlington Street.

CONSUL GENERAL FOR GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND.
FLETCHER WILSON, Esq.
6, Warnford Court.

VICE-CONSUL-MELVIL WILSON, Esq.

CONSUL GENERAL IN SCOTLAND.-WILLIAM MARSHALL, Esq., LEITH.

Falmouth-A. Fox.

Hull-C. F. Good.

Liverpool-G. A. Mullens.

Guernsey-Alfred Mansell.
Jersey J. de St. Croix.
Belfast-P. L. Munster.

WAR WITH RUSSIA.

NEUTRALITY.

A Royal order has been issued by the King of Denmark, which recites the ordinance of May 4th, 1803, for the regulation of the maritime commerce of Denmark and Norway in time of war, and states that it is to be now in full force. This order refers to a supplementary document, in which it is stated that the system which His Majesty intends invariably to pursue is that of strict neutrality, founded upon good faith and an equal respect for the rights of all the powers. In pursuance of this principle, the Government undertakes during the present struggle, to abstain from all participation, direct or indirect, in favour of any of the contending parties to the prejudice of the other. Ships of war and merchant vessels of the belligerent powers will be admitted into the ports of Denmark, the government, however, reserving to itself the right of interdicting any vessels whatever belonging to belligerent powers from entering.

the port of Christiansand. Privateers will neither be allowed to enter Danish ports nor to anchor in the roadsteads of the States of His Danish Majesty. Vessels of belligerent powers may obtain in Danish ports all sorts of provisions and merchandise required for them, excepting articles reputed to be contraband of war. Prizes are not to be allowed to enter Danish ports, except in well-proved cases of stress of weather; nor are prizes to be condemned or sold in any such ports. His Danish Majesty claims security and every facility for Danish vessels and their cargoes in his commercial relations with countries at war, provided that the captains of such vessels have conformed to the rules laid down in cases of effective blockade. All articles contraband of war, and all materials which may be used in war, are prohibited from being carried by Danish vessels, if destined for any port of a belligerent power. By the present order it is stated that the government reserves to itself the right of making a future definition of articles to be considered as contraband of war, in consequence of special stipulations between the King of Denmark and other powers; but, in the meantime, it refers to the ordinance of the 4th of May, 1803, which enumerates the following as articles contraband of war :-Cannon, mortars, arms of all kinds, matches, gunpowder, saltpetre, sulphur, cuirasses, pikes, swords, swordbelts, cartridge-boxes, saddles and bridles, always excepting such a quantity of those articles as may be necessary for the defence of the vessel and crew. Another article of the latter ordinance forbids Danish subjects from serving in privateers or fitting out privateers themselves. By a subsequent article, the designation of contraband extends to hemp, flax, timber of construction, tar, copper-plates, cordage, horses, &c. The present order, or "letters patent" as it is styled, also makes some stringent regulations with respect to passports. It is dated from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Copenhagen, April 20, 1854, and is signed

BLUHME.

DESERTERS.

By O. C., June 13, 1853, seamen, not slaves, and not subjects of Her Majesty, who desert from merchant-ships belonging to subjects of the King of Denmark, or belonging to subjects of the Duke of Oldenburg, when within Her Majesty's dominions or the territories of the East India Company, shall be liable to be apprehended and carried on board their respective ships. See p. 9.

LIGHTS, &c.

Marine Board, Sept. 26, 1853.

The light-vessel on the copper shoals (Kolbec-ground) has been laid at her station in 4 fathoms of water, and the lights were shown on the night of the 24th inst.

The lights consist of three single sideral lanterns, of which two are fixed on the after part of the fore or highest mast, respectively 50 and 25 feet above the level of the water. The lights will be kept burning the same time as all other lights in the kingdom-viz., from one half-hour after sunset until its rise. They light the horizon for a distance of 9 miles English (2 miles Danish).

REEF OF FREDERICHSORT.

Ministry of Marine, Oct. 20, 1853. The Ministry of Marine has ordered a buoy to be placed at the extreme point of the covered part of Reef of Friederichsort, from which the old buoy will stand West North, and the beacon on the ramparts West-North-West.

The new buoy consists of an iron rod fixed in the ground, at the upper end of which in the day time are fixed three balls painted red and white, forming an even-sided triangle, the two lower balls being in a horizontal line.

As a beacon in the night time, a lantern will in the course of next month be hung from the rod at a height of 16 feet from the water, which will be lighted

at the same time as the beacon on the ramparts namely, from half an hour after sunset until sunrise.

Should storms, or drift ice, or other impediments render it impossible to hang out the lantern on the rod, a reverse lantern will in that case be hung on a pole in the immediate neighbourhood of the beacon and a little above it. Further details will be given with regard to the lighting of this beacon. STEEN BILLE.

ALTERATIONS.

The Ministry of Marine, November 9, 1853. The lightships in the channels of Drogden and Læssæ are ordered to remain at their respective stations as long as the ice will permit them to do so.

The lightships at Anholts and on the Kobber-shoal (Kobber-grund) will, however, be removed at the usual time on the 21st of December.

As to the time when the lightship on the Læsso Trindelen shall leave its station a further notification will be made.

Mariners are hereby further reminded that when a white flag with a blue horizontal stripe is hoisted at the lighthouse in the Scaw, there is ice in the Cattegat, and the lightship in the channel of Læsso has been consequently removed.

For the better safety and further information of ships entering the Cattegat it has been arranged that another such flag will be hoisted at the lighthouse on the Island of Haustholm as soon as it is known there that there is ice in the Cattegat.

STEEN BILLE..
SUENSON.

LESSE TRINDLE.

The Ministry of Marine, Nov. 18, 1853.

In connection with the notification of the Ministry of the 9th of this month, it is hereby made known that the light-ship on the Læsso Trindle, formerly removed on the 21st December, will this year remain on her station until the 31st of December, this day included, if the ice permits.

STEEN BILLE.

FURTHER ALTERATIONS.

Marine Ministry, Copenhagen, Nov. 9, 1853. The light-ships in the Drogd and Læsse Channel are ordered to remain upon their respective stations as long as the ice permits. The light-ships at Anholts Knob and at the Kobbergrund will, on the contrary, be laid up at the usual time-the 21st December.

Further particulars will be given from hence respecting the time when the light-ships at Læsso Trindle will be removed from their station. Seamen are moreover reminded, that a white flag, with a blue perpendicular stripe, will fly from the lighthouse at the Skaw, when there is ice in the Cattegat; and that, in consequence thereof, the lightship in Læsse Channel has left her station.

For further security and information of vessels bound inwards, measures have been adopted that a similar flag shall also fly from Hanstholm lighthouse, when it is known there that there is ice in the Cattegat.

KIEL FIORD.

STEEN BILLE.

Hydrographic Office, Nov. 25, 1853. Her Majesty's Government has been officially informed, that a beacon has recently been placed on the extremity of the covered part of the reef off Friederichsort, in Kiel Fiord. It consists of an iron rod, fixed in the ground, and carrying, by days, three balls placed in the form of an equilateral triangle, on

the following marks:-the old beacon on the point bearing W. N. (mag.), and the small light shown on the rampart W.N.W. At night, when the weather will permit, a lantern is suspended from the above new beacon 16 feet above the sea; and when prevented by storms, drift ice, or other causes, a lantern will be hung on a pole in the immediate neighbourhood of the beacon, but a little above it.

LIST, ON THE ISLAND OF SYLT.

Marine Board, Dec. 3, 1853.

In order the better to distinguish from seaward the east from the west lightbeacon at List, in the island of Sylt, west coast of Slezwig, the former is about to be elevated from 97 to 110 feet above the level of the sea. The projected elevation, when completed, will in due time be made public.

STEEN BILLE.
SUENSON.

Ministry of Marine, Dec. 27, 1853.

The heightening of the eastern lighthouse at List has, according to information now received, been completed.

REMOVAL.

STEEN BILLE.

By despatches (Feb. 1854) from Her Majesty's Consul at Elsinore, it is stated that the light-ships in the Drogden and Læsso Channels have been removed from their positions in consequence of the ice.

LITTLE BELT.

Marine Board, Feb. 11, 1854.

For the guidance of vessels passing through the Little Belt, a mark in form of a tower, 20 feet high from the ground and 40 feet above the level of the water, has been placed on the west coast of Fyen, half-a-mile (24 miles English) north of Assens, in 55° 18' 25" N. latitude, and 9° 53′ 48" E. longitude of Greenwich, Kjerte church in a line with Sandager church. It will be kept white, and is furnished with a red balloon" on the top.

ANHOLT REEF.

STEEN BILLE.
SUENSON.

Marine Board, Feb. 27, 1854.

The light-ships for the Drogden (Dragöe) Anholt Reef and the Læsso Channel, have this day left for their respective stations. As soon as they are moored they will show their lights. Further notice will be given when that has taken place.

CATTEGAT.

Marine Board, Admiralty Office, March 1, 1854. The light-ship in the Dogden (Dragöe) took up her station and showed her light on the evening of Thursday, Feb. 28, 1854.

Admiralty Department, Marine Board, March 6, 1854. The light-ship in the Læsse Channel was moored at her station and showed her light on the evening of the 1st March. The light-ships on the Copperground and the Anholt or Knobben Reef, on the 2nd March. The Læsse Trindel, the 4th March.

Ministry of Naval Affairs, March 14, 1854. All the floating lights are now laid out and lighted. Moreover, it is made publicly known hereby, that the light-vessels at Læsse Trindelen, at Kobbergrunden, and at the Anholt Knob, are in the future to be laid up on De

cember 31, supposing the ice permits them to remain on their station till then, and they will not then be laid out again before the 1st of March. That the light-vessel in Drogden and the Læsse Strait, are ordered to keep their stations as long as the ice permits them to do so. If the floating ice should force them to leave their stations, they will not be laid out again before the 1st of March. When the light-vessel in the Læsse Strait is not on her station on account of ice in the Kattegat, a white flag with a blue perpendicular stripe will still, according to the notification of the 9th November, be hoisted on the lighthouses of Hanstholm and Skagen; if from other reasons it shall be obliged to leave the station, a red balloon will appear on the lighthouses of Skagen and Hirtsholm.

STEEN BILLE.
SUENSON.

HUSUM.

Light and Buoy Inspection for the Monarchy's West Coast, March 25, 1854. The buoying of a new and deeper entrance to the Hever Channel and Husum, as announced in the preliminary notice of the 13th inst. is now effected, and notice thereof is hereby given, together with the marks and directions following, respecting the navigating of said Channel, its depth, &c. At the entrance of the new channel lies a red 9 feet buoy in 5 fathom water, at low water, from which the following places bear :

Ording church S.E. by E. E.

On the side of the entrance buoy may be read "Neues Fahrwasser," in large white letters, and on the bottom "Hever."

Besides the said entrance buoy this channel is marked out with 20 black buoys, marked on the side with the successive numbers No. 1 to 20, both included, and 11 white buoys marked on the side with the letters A to L, successively, both included; furthermore, a black and white chequered buoy, and a pole beacon on the high sand south of Southfoll (Sydfoll).

On the bar north of and close to the buoys No. 1 to No. 2, there is 4 fathoms water at low water.

From the entrance buoy the steering is east past the black buoys No. 1 to No. 2, the bar is then cleared, and 6 fathoms water is found. The channel does not continue to deepen more than 10 to 12 fathoms.

The black buoys are to be kept on the starboard, and the white on the larboard side.

In the neighbourhood of Halliger Sydfoll, between the white buoy H and No. 13, is the shallowest part with 13 feet at low water.

Opposite the black buoy No. 10, lies the black and white chequered buoy, which is to be be kept on the larboard side in sailing up to Husum, but is to be kept on the starboard side by the ships proceeding through the Pellworm Channel, to seek anchorage under Sudervog, Hallig or Pellworm.

In making this channel it must be observed that the aforesaid entrance buoy which lies 19 quarter miles (19 English miles) from Helgoland, is made by keeping Helgoland in W. by S. S. in standing in.

If the coast is made to the north or south of the above line, the entrance buoy is to be found by steering in a southerly or northerly direction in 5 to 6 fathoms water; coming from the north, the Seasands beacon, and from the south the St. Peter Downs will serve as guidance.

In the former buoyed off Hever Channel, the bar of which has a depth of 11 feet at low water, a black buoy with a balloon, will be retained inside the bar, at the same spot where the black buoy No. 2 formerly laid; farther the former black buoys No. 5 and 6, the white buoy A, and a floating beacon on the end of the Middlepladen.

At the black buoy No. 10, is the cross passage for the smaller vessels, desirous of using the old channel inside the Quageground.

O. E. HAMMER.