n. (u).

power to employ sub-agent, ii. 633.
lien of, ii. 634-642, (see Lien.)
may not transfer his trust, ii. 643.
authority of, how determined, ii. 643-
647.

when alone liable, ii. 630, n. (c).

when both principal and agent liable,
ii. 631.

when neither principal nor agent liable
on the contract, ii. 631, 632.
(See Servants.)

liable for negligence in collecting
notes, iii. 93 n. (d).

of state, may be sued in federal
courts, i. 350.

corporations liable for acts of, ii. 284,
289-291.

authority of, may be revoked, ii. 643,.
644.

compensated by share of profits, not a
partner, iii. 25 and n. (b).

may not purchase trust property, iv.

438.
Agister, of cattle, ii. 391, 634, n. (d), iv. 120,
n. (b).
Agreement, specific performance of, ii. 471
-477, iv. 451.

(See Deed.)

history of, iv. 441, 442.
who may alien, iv. 446.

Alienations, of land, iii. 507, iv. 441, 442.
restraints on, void, iv. 131.

may be suspended for two lives, iv.
271.

Aliens, and natives, ii. 39–73.

when naturalized, to abjure foreign
allegiance, ii. 49, n. (a).
defined, ii. 50.

children of, at common law, ii. 50,
51.

children and widow of, under laws of
United States, ii. 51-53.

not acquire property by descent or
operation of law, ii. 53-55, 68-70.
by domicil, i. 74.

distinction of antenati and postnati, ii.
56-59.

under French laws, ii. 68, 69.

may be devested of real estate, ii. 61.
can hold and transmit personal prop-
erty, ii. 62.

may take mortgage of real estate, ii.
62, 63.

right to sue and be sued, ii. 63.
allegiance due from, ii. 63, 64.
how naturalized, ii. 64, 65.

oath by, of intention to renounce for-
eign allegiance, ii. 64, 65.
estate of deceased, how distributed, ii.
67-70.

states, ii. 69-71.

disabilities of, as to uses and trusts, ii.
62.

enemies, rights of, to sue, ii. 63.
rights to no privileges not conferred
by treaty, ii. 71.

under Constitution of United States,
ii. 71.

what may be naturalized, ii. 72.
condition on breaking out of hostili.
ties, i. 56.

protected in the use of trade-marks, ii.
372, n. (8).

entitled to benefit of attachment laws,
ii. 403, n. (1).

where sue for a tort, i. 304.

widow of, entitled to dower, iv. 36,
37.

rights to sue in federal courts, i. 343,
344.

excluded from enumeration, i. 230, n.
(2).

Alimony, allowed to wife, ii. 99 and ns.
(4), (5).

(c),

Allegiance, what, and how lost, ii. 39-50.
not defeasible in England, ii. 42, 43.
doctrine of, in this country, ii. 44-50.
common law of, how far changed, ii.
49, 50.

natural, what, ii. 42.

when it attaches in this country, ii. 39,
40.

not lost by foreign domicil, ii. 49.
requires a return in case of war, ii.
50.

origin of oath of, iii. 511.

oath of intention to renounce, ii. 64.
perpetual, ii. 42, 43.

to whom due, ii. 44.

how far due from aliens, ii. 63, 64.
Alliance, offensive and defensive, force of,
i. 50, 51.

effect on licenses, i. 69.

Allodial estates, in the middle ages, iii. 495
and note, 498 and note, 499.
how extinguished, iii. 500, 501.
their revival, iii. 513, 514.
what estates are, iv. 2, 3.

Allowance, of one third new for old, in in-
surance, iii. 339.

Alluvion, what, iii. 428.

doctrine of, iii. 428.

islands, formed in sea or rivers, iii.
428.

Ally, co-operating, liable to confiscation of
property, i. 69.

not to trade with enemy, i. 69.
included in treaties of peace, i. 167.
Alteration, of deeds, effect of, iv. 452, note.
Amalphitan Table, iii. 8, 9.

Ambassadors, free from arrest, i. 15.

immunity of, established, i. 182.
when suspended, i. 38.
grades of, i. 39.

Ambassadors, binding acts of, i. 40.
Ambiguity, what, ii. 556, n. (d).
Amotion, defined, ii. 297.

Ancestor, debts of, when heir liable for, iv.
419.

when lineals and collaterals embraced,
ii. 55 and notes.

Ancestral Estates, iv. 404.

Ancient lights, doctrine of, iii. 448.

denied to exist in New York, iii. 448.
Animals, feræ naturæ, ii. 348.

dangerous, ii. 348 and note.
Animus manendi, i. 76, 77.
Annexation of territory by Congress, i. 258.
Annuity, defined, iii. 460.

no courtesy nor dower in, iii. 460, n.
(c).

personal property, sub modo, iii. 460, n.
(c).

when not reached by creditor's bill, iv.
311, n. (b).

to children, when inalienable, iv. 311,
n. (b).

when apportioned, iii. 471, n. (a).

Antenati, (see Aliens.)

Antenuptial contracts, ii. 172.

Antichresis, iv. 137, n. (b).

Anticipation, clause against, ii. 170 and n.
(b).

Appeal, in criminal cases, i. 325.

Appellate jurisdiction, of Sup. Court of
U. S., i. 299, and notes, 316-321, 324
-330.

(See Jurisdiction.)
Application, of purchase-money, iv. 180.

n. (a).

Appointment, (see Power.)

Apportionment, cf rents, iii. 469, 470, 471
and notes.

(See Rents.)

of annuities, iii. 471, n. (a).

of wages, iii. 471, n. (a).

of freight, iii. 333.

of premium, iii. 341, 342.

of representation in congress, i. 230.
Appraisement, of lands seized on execution,

iv. 429, note, 431, 432 and n. (g).
Apprentices, defined, ii. 261.

refusing to work, may be imprisoned,
ii. 262.

law of New York relative to, ii. 263,
264.

right of master to assign, ii. 223, 264,
265.

earnings of, belong to master, ii. 265.
recent legislation as to hours of labor
by, ii. 261, n. (1).

(See Guardian and Ward, Master and
Servant.)

Apprenticeship, contract of, must be in writ-
ing, ii. 263 and n. (d).
Apprenticeship of orphan children, ii. 264,
n. (a).
Appurtenances, to land sold, iv. 467, 468.
Aquatic rights, iii. 427.

Arbitration, one partner cannot submit to,
iii. 49.

Armed neutrality, the, i. 126, 153, 154.
principles of, recognized by England,
1854, i. 128, n. (1).

Arms, of the sea, i. 26, 29.

Arrest, by sergeant at arms, i. 236.
by deputy of, i. 236, n. (2).
Articles, shipping, (see Seamen,) iii. 177,
185.

of confederation, i. 210.
Assent, to trust deeds, ii. 532, 533, iv. 307.
by grantee of deed, iv. 454 and note.
Assessments, principles upon which to be
made, ii. 339, 340 and notes.
Assets, what go to the executors, ii. 345, n.
(b), 346, n. (a).

in futuro, iv. 354.

(See Distribution and Administration.)
how marshalled, iv. 420-422 and

notes.

Assignee, of, lessee and mortgagee, liability
of iv. 96, 97.

bound by covenant to pay assess
ments, iv. 96, n. (7).

of covenants, iv. 471, 472.

right of, to sue in federal courts, i
349.

of reversion, right of, to sue, iv. 123,
note.

in bankruptcy, authority of a joint, iv.
307, n. (d).

of chose in action, ii. 351, n. (2).
Assignment, what is subject of, ii. 400.
under insolvent laws, ii. 399, 400,
401.

goods not delivered after, evidence of
fraud, ii. 529-531, note, (see Fraud,
Mortgage.)

right of giving preferences, ii. 532-
534.

when assent of creditors to be given

or presumed, ii. 533.

must not coerce creditors, 534.
must not reserve any benefits to as-
signor, ii. 535.

does not pass franchise of corporation,
ii. 315, n. (g).
(See Apprenticeship.)

general, cannot be made by one part-
ner, iii. 44, n. (b).

by partner of private property, for
partnership debts, iii. 65, n. (d).

of stock how affected, ii. 577, n. (d).
of stock, by way of security, ii. 577,
n. (d).

voluntary, by insolvents, ii. 532.
of part of a debt, ii. 532, n. (c).
of reversions, iv. 122, 123.
of policy, iii. 261.
Assignment, of dower, iv. 61.

of breaches in covenants, iv. 471, 472.
of possibilities, iv. 261, 262.
in trust, without assent of c
trust, ii. 583 17. 807.

bag foreign, effect of, ii. 405-408.
Athenians, their maritime laws, iii. 2.
Attachment, law relative to, in New York,
ii. 401, 402.

for contempt, i. 311, note.
Attendant terms, iv. 87-93.
Attorney, authority of, ii. 617, 618, 624.
he power of, when revocable, ii. 643,
644.

power of, when agent conceals revo-
cation of, ii. 644.

Attorney-General of United States, i. 307.
Attorneys, bargains with clients, validity
of, iv. 449, n. (b).

value of goods, ship, &c., how esti-
mated, iii. 342, 343.

Bailments, by pledging, defined, ii. 577.

share of stock, ii. 577, 578 in notes.
liability in, ii. 578-583.
delivery essential to, ii. 581.
covers interest, ii. 583.

not retain for other debt, ii. 584.
by locatum or hiring, defined, ii. 585.
various kinds of, ii. 585, 586.
locatio rei, ii. 586-588.

locatio operis faciendi, ii. 588–591.
liability, ii. 588-591.

innkeepers, ii. 592, (see Innkeepers.)
of locatio operis mercium vehendarum, ii.
597, (see Common Carriers.)

Bailors, when bound to refund money ex-
pended by bailee, ii. 576, 577.
pledgee may assign or sell, ii. 582,
583.

Baltic, maritime code, i. 127.
Bank-bills, when goods, ii. 609.
Banks, liable for negligence in collecting
notes, iii. 93, ns. (d) and (6).
liable for acts of agents, ii. 616, n.
(1).

Bank, national, not to be taxed by states,
i. 425.

authority of congress to create, i.
248-254.

authority of congress to create, under
confederation, i. 254, note.

of U. S., right of to sue in the fed-
eral courts, i. 347, 352.
not taxable, i. 425.

Bank Checks, when to be presented for
payment, iii. 83, n. (a), 88, 102, note,
104, 111.

distinguishable from bills, iii. 104 and
note (a).

drawer's want of funds excuses pre-
sentment, iii. 111.

Bankers, lien of, ii. 624, note.

Bankruptcy, distinct from insolvency, ii.
390-392.

right of states relative to, ii. 390,
391.

laws, foreign, when conflicting with
insolvent laws, ii. 404, 405.

return of goods after, ii. 514, note.
Bankrupt laws, i. 382, 388, ii. 389–392.
Banks of rivers, (see Riparian Owners.)
Barbary States, i. 188, 190.

Bargain and sale, whether contingent use
can be raised on, iv. 244, n. (a).
consideration necessary to, iv. 244, n.
(a).

Barratry defined, iii. 304, 305.

Bastards, descent of property to, iv. 413-
417.

(See Legitimacy and Children.)
putative father, ii. 215, 216.

rule relaxed in many states, ii. 212-
214, iv. 413-417.

Batture, (see Alluvion,) iii. 428, n. (b).
doctrine in Louisiana, iii. 425, n. (b).
Bays, (see Arms of the Sea.)

Belligerents, rights of, with respect to each
other, i. 89.

Benefices, originals of feudal tenants by
grant, iii. 494 and n. (d).

when they became hereditary, iii.

496.

Bequests, to unincorporated companies,
when good, ii. 288, note, 286, note.
when void, for uncertainty, ii. 288,
ns. (a) and (2).

when void, as against public policy,
ii. 287, 288, note.

Bets, not ground of contract, iii. 278 and
n. (b).
(See Devise.)

Betterment law, ii. 335, 336 and notes.
(See Improvements.)

Biddings, at mortgage sales, when opened,
iv. 192, n. (e).
(See Auction.)
Bigamy, ii. 79-81.

Bill of Lading, what is, iii. 206, 207.
by whom given, iii. 207.

extent of engagement of, iii. 207 and

note.

different sets of, iii. 207.
indorsement of, iii. 207.

rights of bona fide indorsee, iii. 207,
208.

indorsee of, when liable for freight,
iii. 221, 222.

indorsee of, may bring action in his
own name, ii. 549, n. (a).
deposit of, creates a lien, ii. 549, n.
(b).

effect of indorsement of, ii. 548–552.
when master signs for goods not on
board, ii. 549, note, iii. 208, n. (1).
when possession of, gives title, (see
Possession.)

Bill of Sale, effect of, ii. 493-498 and

transfer not in course of trade, effect
of, iii. 81 and notes.

burden of proof, when imposed on
holder, iii. 81, note.

lost bill, when action lies on, iii. 82
and note.

8. Acceptance, iii. 82.

how made, iii. 83, 84.

when written acceptance required, iii.
83, note.

promise to accept, before bill drawn,
when valid, iii. 84.

sight bills, when to be presented for,
iii. 82, 83.

general or special, iii. 83.
implied, iii. 84.

legal effect of, iii. 85-88, 114.
acceptance, supra protest, iii. 87, 88.
bank checks, when to be presented,
iii. 83, n. (a), 88, 104, 111, note.
4. Of the Indorsement, iii. 88.

feme covert, payee, partners, infant,
iii. 88, 89.

5. Protest, iii. 93.

of foreign bills, iii. 93.

of inland bills, iii. 93, 94.

negligence in protesting, consequence
of, iii. 93, n. (d).

6. Demand of Payment, iii. 93, 95–104.
what is sufficient, iii. 95, 96.
when excused, iii. 96, 97.

when to be made at particular place,
iii. 93, 95, 97 and note.

due diligence to find acceptor, what,
iii. 96, 97, 105 and note.
days of grace, iii. 100-104.

when bill falls due on Sunday, iii.
102.

when to be made on time, or sight
bills, iii. 103 and note.

at what time of day to be made, iii.
102, n. (b), 106, notes.

7. Steps to fix Drawer and Indorser, iii.
104.

reasonable notice of demand required,
iii. 104, 105 and notes.

notice, by whom to be given, iii. 106,
107-109.

notice, within what time, iii. 104-107.
notice, when to be personal, iii. 107,
note.

notice, to what place directed, iii. 107
and note.

notice, want of, excused, how and
when, iii. 109.

Bills of Exchange, notice, contents of ̧ îïi.
108.

notice, waiver of, iii. 109, note.
notice, no effects with drawee, excuses,
iii. 110, 111.

giving time to accept, effect of, iii.
111-113.

subsequent promise, effect of, iii. 118.
8. Damages, measure of, iii. 115.

general law-merchant, as to, iii. 115,
116.

rule in American states, iii. 116-120.
(See Guaranty.)

Bills of Rights, history of, ii. 1, et seq.
English bill of rights, ii. 8, 12.
English petition of rights, ii. 7.
English Magna Charta, ii. 7.
Connecticut colony, declaration of
1639, ii. 3.

New York colony, declaration of 1691,
1708, ii. 3.

various American declarations of, ii.

1-3.

Blacks, (see Persons of Color.)
Blackstone, i. 572.

Blank Indorsement, iii. 89.

Blockade, law of, i. 98, n. (1), 143, 144.
definition of, i. 144, 145, note.
suspension of, i. 145, 146.
ending of, i. 146.

presence of adequate force, i 144.
when binding, i. 98, note.

precludes egress and ingress, i. 146.
of port of discharge, iii. 222.
notice of, essential, i. 147.
notice of, constructive, i. 147.
intent to violate, effect of, i. 148, 149.
breach, penalty of, i. 151.

Bocland, iv. 441, 442.

Bona fide purchaser of land protected, iv.

464.

of chattels, when protected, ii, 498,
514, note.

(See Possession.)

Book of Fiefs, iii. 496.

Bottomry, by master of vessel, iii. 171, 172
and notes.
bond, iii. 354.

Boundaries, on water, iii. 427, 428.

on waters above tide, iii. 427-432.
stream used as boundary, iii. 428.
ditch or wall, ownership of, iii. 429,
n. (a).

construction of boundaries, iii. 429,
430 and notes.

on highways, effect of, iii. 432, 433.
on street, iii. 433, 434.

may be restricted by express words,
iii. 434 and note.

when fixed by time, iii. 442, 443.
Bounds and Landmarks, iv. 466 and notes.
Bracton, i. 497.

Bridges, over navigable waters, right of
state to erect, iii. 430, note.
Britton's Treatise, i. 497, 500.