APPLETONS' CYCLOPEDIA OF DRAWING, DESIGNED AS A TEXT-BOOK FOR THE MECHANIC, ARCHITECT, ENGINEER, AND SURVEYOR. COMPRISING GEOMETRICAL PROJECTION, MECHANICAL, ARCHITECTURAL, AND TOPOGRAPHICAL EDITED BY W. E. WORTHEN. NEW YORK: D. APPLETON AND COMPANY, 846 & 848 BROADWAY. 1857. 166229-C ENTERED, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1857, by D. APPLETON & COMPANY, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York. PREFACE. Ar the suggestion of the publishers this work was undertaken to form one of their series of Dictionaries and Cyclopædias. In this view, it has been the intention to make it a complete course of instruction and book of reference to the mechanic, architect and engineer. It has not therefore been confined to the explanation and illustration of the methods of projection, and the delineation of objects which might serve as copies to the draughtsman, matters of essential importance for the correct and intelligible representation of every form; but it contains the means of determining the amount and direction of strains, to which different parts of a machine or structure may be subjected, and the rules for disposing and proportioning of the material employed, to the safe and permanent resistance of those strains, with practical applications of the same. Thus while it supplies numerous illustrations in every department for the mere copyist, it also affords suggestions and aids to the mechanic in the execution of new designs. And although the arranging and properly proportioning alone of material in a suitable direction and adequately to the resistance of the strains to which it might be exposed, would produce a structure sufficient in point of strength for the purposes for which it is intended, yet as in many cases the disposition of the material may be applied not only practically, but also artistically, and adapted to the reception of ornament, under the head of Architectural Drawing the general characteristics of various styles have been treated of, and illustrated, with brief remarks on proportion and the application of color. |