read a course of lectures in that science, from which he in a great measure composed his "Microcosm, or little Description of the great World;" which was twice printed in small quarto in the reign of James I. This book, which was afterward enlarged, was the foundation of his fame as an author, and the work to which he put his last hand, when his eyes failed him. It has been often reprinted, and has more merit than any of his compilations. His "History of St. George," recommended him to Charles I. who, soon after he presented it to him, preferred him to a prebend of Westminster, and to the rectory of Houghton in the bishopric of Durham. He was ejected from his prebend and other preferments in the time of the civil war. He, like James Howel, supported himself by his pen; and he appears, by the number and bulk of his books, to have kept pace at least with that author in writing. He even continued to publish when he could no longer see to write; and retained an amanuensis to the time of his death. He was much in favour with Archbishop Laud, and distinguished himself in the controversy between that prelate and Archbishop Williams, concerning the placing of the altar. It appears, from the inscription on his monument in Westminster Abbey, that he was sub-dean to that church; which was the highest preferment he enjoyed, though he strongly expected a bishopric. His knowledge in history and divinity was extensive; but he wrote with more ease than elegance; and his memory, which was very extraordinary, was better than his judgment. He is not free from the leaven and acrimony of party-prejudice.* The generality of his writings are in no great esteem at present; but his "Help to History," which is a work of great utility, deserves particular commendation.† Some of the best of his pieces

* Dr. Glocester Ridley, in his " Second Letter to the Author of the Confessional," p. 179, speaks thus of him: "Doubtless he was biassed and warm to a degree, which, notwithstanding the dreadful provocations that he and his party underwent, was very blamable; but I know not that he misrepresented things deliberately and wilfully."

+ His "Historia Quinquarticularis" is among these tracts. It relates to the quinquarticular controversy, which was warmly agitated in this and the preceding reign. It turned upon the five points, which were the grand subject of debate betwixt the Calvinists and the Arminians; namely, the eternal decrees; freewill; grace and conversion; the extent of Christ's redemption and universal grace; and the perseverance of the saints. Limborch's "Theologia Christiana," founded on the Arminian scheme, and translated into almost every language of Europe, had a great effect towards putting an end to this controversy. Dean Swift's judgment on Heylin's "Hist. of the Presbyterians" is just published, in a small pamphlet called an Appendix to his Works.

are in the collection of historical and miscellaneous tracts abovementioned. Ob. 8 May, 1662.*

GULIELMUS OUTRAMUS, S. T. P. ecclesiæ S". Petri apud Westmonasterienses canonicus (prebendarius). R. White sc. 8vo. Before his "Twenty Sermons, published from the Author's own Copies, by the Rev. Dr. James Gardiner, now Lord Bishop of Lincoln," 1697; 8vo.

1670.

Dr. Owtram was a man of great industry, charity, and piety, and Installed an excellent preacher. Mr. Baxter speaks of him as one of the July 30, best and ablest of the conformists. Indeed such was his moderation, that men of all persuasions spoke well of him. Dr. Gardiner tells us, that he never could be prevailed with, either by the entreaty of his friends or the authority of his superiors, to publish any of his sermons. The five printed under his name are not genuine. He was famous for his knowledge in almost all kinds of science, particularly in rabbinical learning; of which he has given eminent proof in his book " De Sacrificiis," &c. Ob. 23 Aug. 1679, Et. 54. He lies buried in Westminster Abbey.

THO. BARLOW, S. S. Theol. Dr. col. reg. præpositus, et pro D. Margareta S. S. theol. professor publicus, Oxon. 1672. D. Loggan ad vivum sc. h. sh. See an account of him among the bishops in the next reign.

TIMOTHY HALTON succeeded Dr. Barlow in the 1677. provostship of Queen's College, in Oxford. His portrait belongs to the reign of William III.-See Noble's Continuation.

ISAACUS BARROW, S. T. P. reg. Ma". a sacris, coll. S. S. Trini. Cantab. præfec. nec non acad. ejusdem

See Wood.-The Epitaph on Dr. Heylin, which is a good composition, was written by Dr. John Earle, then dean of Westminster.‡

Life," part iii. p. 19.

VÓL. V.

Vide" Hist. et Antiq. Univ. Oxon," lib. ii. 205.

G

procanc. 1676. Loggan delin. Before his English works, fol. This print has been copied in small 8vo. by the same engraver, and also by M. Vander Gucht, and Lud. Du. Guernier.*

The name of Dr. Barrow will ever be illustrious for a strength of mind and a compass of knowledge that did honour to his country. He was unrivalled in mathematical learning, and especially in the sublime geometry; in which he has been excelled only by one man, and that man was his pupil. The same genius that seemed to be born only to bring hidden truths to light, to rise to the heights, or descend to the depths of science, could sometimes amuse itself in the flowery paths of poetry. He at length gave himself up entirely to divinity; and particularly to the most useful part of it, that which has a tendency to make men wiser and better. He has, in his excellent sermons on the Creed, solved every difficulty, and removed every obstacle that opposed itself to our faith, and made divine revelation as clear as the demonstrations in his own "Euclid." He was famous for the length § as well as the excellence of his sermons. He knew not how to leave off writing till he had exhausted his subject; and if his life had been prolonged to seventy years, he might perhaps have gone as far towards exhausting science itself as ever man did. This excellent person,

* Dr. Barrow would never consent to have his picture drawn; but Mrs. Mary Beale drew it by stealth, whilst some of his friends held him in discourse. This portrait was in the collection of James West, esq. See Abraham Hill's "Life of Dr. Barrow," prefixed to his works, four pages from the end. The biographer, who was the doctor's intimate friend, says, that "his picture was never made from the life." Hence I took the liberty to omit "ad vivum" after "Loggan," in the first edition of this work. It is however possible, that the engraver might also have stolen his likeness.

Sir Isaac Newton.

He composed verses both in Greek and Latin.

He was three hours and a half in preaching his admirable sermon on "The Duty and Reward of Bounty to the Poor." It must be acknowledged that this discourse was too long for the pulpit: Dr. Barrow did not consider that the very opportunities of doing good might be lost whilst we are attending to the rules of it. The life of man is too short for such long sermons.

The reader will be delighted with his copious and exact description of wit, in the sermon upon "Foolish Talking and Jesting." This alone is a sufficient specimen of his marvellous talent for exhausting the subject. Such were his richness of thought and copiousness of expression, upon the common business of life, that no two of the letters that he wrote to solicit contributions for Trinity College library are alike. These letters are deposited in the library,

who was a bright example of Christian virtue, as well as a prodigy of learning, died the 4th of May, 1677, in the 47th year of his age. His English and Latin works are in four volumes folio.

R. CUDWORTH, D. D. Loggan del. 1684. G. Vertue sc. 8vo.

Dr. Ralph Cudworth, who held the same rank in metaphysics that Dr. Barrow did in sublime geometry, was, in the former part of his life, a very eminent tutor at Emmanuel College, in Cambridge, where he entered at thirteen years of age. He had no less than twenty-eight pupils at one time under his care, among whom was Mr. William Temple. He was afterward appointed 1645 master of Clare Hall,† where he had a share in the education of Mr. John Tillotson. He had the courage to stem the torrent of irreligion and atheism that prevailed in the reign of Charles II. by publishing his "True Intellectual System;" a book well known for the excellence of its reasoning, and the variety of his learning. He understood the oriental languages, and was an exact critic in the Greek and Latin. He was a good antiquary, mathematician, and philosopher; and was superior to all his contemporaries in metaphysics. He was father to the learned and accomplished Lady Masham, of Oates, in Essex, in whose house Mr. Locke spent the last fourteen years of his life. This learned and pious man died June 26, 1688, in the 71st year of his age.

BENJAMIN WHICHCOT, S. S. T. P. R. White sc. 8vo. Before the first volume of his " Discourses.”

An original picture of him is in the possession of my ingenious. and very worthy friend, the Reverend Mr. Bagshaw, minister of Bromley, in Kent.

Dr. Whichcot, when he was about thirty-five years of age, was made provost of King's College, in Cambridge, of which he was a prudent and vigilant governor. He was afterward successively minister of Black Friars and St. Laurence Jewry, in London, where he was universally beloved and respected as a parish priest. He was a man of great moderation and sweetness of temper. His

Afterward created a baronet.

In 1654 he was preferred to the mastership of Christ's College.

He, in 1645, succeeded Dr. Metcalf as regius professor of Hebrew.

He

notions of religion were like his charity, exalted and diffusive, and never limited by the narrow prejudices of sects and parties. was much disgusted with the dryness and foolishness of preaching that prevailed in his time, and encouraged the young students of his college to form themselves after the best models of Greece and Rome. He was indeed himself an example of plain and unaffected eloquence, as well as of sincere piety. Mr. Baxter numbers him with the "best and ablest of the conformists ;"* and another author speaks of Chillingworth, Cudworth, and Whichcot, as "men of manly thought, generous minds, and incomparable learning."+ He died at the house of Dr. Cudworth, master of Christ's College, in May, 1683, in the 74th year of his age. His funeral sermon was preached by Dr. Tillotson, who, though his friend, is guilty of no exaggeration in his character. The first volume of his "Discourses" was published, with a preface, by Anthony, earl of Shaftesbury, author of the "Characteristics;" the three next by Dr. John Jeffery, archdeacon of Norwich; and the last by Dr. Samuel Clarke. He was a considerable benefactor to the university of Cambridge.

DR. JOSEPH BEAUMONT, late the king's professor of divinity, and master of St. Peter's College, in Cambridge. R. White sc. Frontispiece to his "Psyche," fol.

Dr. Joseph Beaumont succeeded Dr. Pearson in the mastership of Jesus College, in Cambridge, in 1662; and was, within two years afterward, appointed master of Peter-house. In 1672, he was preferred to the chair of regius professor of divinity, in which he sat many years with great reputation. He was author of "Psyche, or Love's Mystery, in twenty-four Cantos, displaying the Intercourse betwixt Christ and the Soul." This allegorical poem was not without its admirers in the last age. Giles Jacob calls it an invaluable work. The second edition of it was printed in 1702. Dr. Beaumont also wrote "Observations upon the Apology of Dr. Henry More," Camb. 1685; 4to. A considerable number of his poems, &c. were published in quarto, by subscription, in

"Life of Baxter," part iii. p. 19.

+ The ingenious author of a " Dialogue on the Uses of Foreign Travel, addressed to Lord Molesworth," 1764, 8vo. p. 178.