and in diameter from 12 to 21/2 inches, and by the use of different mandrils straight or tapering tubes can be formed.

Tube Former. The machine represented in Fig. 108

can be used only with power, but can also be arranged to work by hand. It is so constructed that the same machine will form tubes or cylinders 24 inches long and of diameter 34 to 134 inches, and any intermediate size. This machine is specially adapted for forming speaking tubes and is now constructed with an appliance to lift out the mandril after the tube is formed.

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Fig. 109.

Candlestick Former and Beader. An illustration of a blacking, pepper or rattle box and candlestick former and beader, with steel rolls is shown in Fig. 109.

Wire Cutter and Bail Former. The machine shown in Fig. 110 is simple, cheap, durable and economical. It takes wire from the coil and gauges, and cuts it to the desired length. It cuts smoothly and easily onequarter-inch wire, as well as all smaller sizes from 2

to 60 inches in length. It forms bucket pails with rapidity and accuracy. It saves the vexations experienced by every tinsmith in the frequent breaking of cutting nippers.

Power Squaring Shears. The shears shown in Fig. 111 are back-geared, therefore will not cut heavy metal. They are guaranteed, however, to cut No. 18 iron. They are arranged with gauges, which are 30 inches in length and admit of rapid adjustment. The machines are well made and all parts are nicely fitted.

Compound Lever Squaring Shears. The shears illustrated in Fig. 112 above are entirely new, are made extra heavy, both with and without hold-down attachment and with side extension tables. They are fitted

with a quick acting back gauge, which is operated quickly and set accurately. They have a compound lever treadle which enables the operator to cut thick stock more easily than with any similar shear on the market. Side springs are fitted with an adjusting

screw for regulating the tension and compensating for wear. They will cut stock as thick as No. 14 gauge.

Continuous Cutting or Gap Shears. The shears shown in Fig. 113 are arranged with gauges for cutting sheet metal of any length into strips from 11⁄2 inch to 18 inches in width. Sheet metal 30 inches wide may be cross cut at any point desired.

To cut metal into strips longer than 30 inches, the gauges at the end of the shears should be removed. No other adjustment is necessary.

The hold-down attachment is operated by hand and slides on independent ways, so that when the blades

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