pleasant, if not a serious, irritation of the mucous membrane of the stomach and urethra. Therefore it is well to be provided with a bottle of lime juice, a few drops of which dropped into each cup of water drank will neutralize the alkali in the water and thus render the alkali harmless.

CLIMATIC EFFECTS.-Those who visit high altitudes, in search of the precious ores, will be subject to difficult respiration, and should exercise a great degree of caution by protecting their persons with good woolen clothing, and have a heavy overcoat always at hand.

The changes are sudden and extreme, and the nights are always cool, and warm clothing is as necessary of summer nights, as in the winter.

Those that expose themselves, sooner or later become the victims of mountian fever. Those that are weak physically, are frequently attacked with hæmorrhage of the nose, lungs and bowels. Such persons should at once retire to the lower altitudes.

Persons who unnecessarily expose themselves are frequently attacked with pneumonia (inflammation of the lungs). Owing to the consequent acceleration of the arterial circulation it is difficult to arrest the progress of the disease. The surest means of recovery is to, at once, leave for lower altitudes for treatment.

Heat radiates with great rapidity on account of the many bare granitic mountains, which make a marked difference of temperature between day and night.

Catarrhal affections are prevalent, and also muscular

and acute rheumatism.

Nature has provided a means

of cure for the last named disease by resort to the many hot thermal springs.

CAMP OUT-FIT FOR THREE.-One tent, two or more woolen blankets each; one rubber blanket each; two pairs of rubber boots with high tops, for wading streams; one folding camp table; three folding camp stools; one iron frying pan ; one bake oven; one granite coffee pot; six granite plates; six granite cups ; two granite kettles; one granite bucket; six tin spoons, (three large and three small); three knives and three forks; one butcher knife; one coffee mill; needles, thread and buttons; can opener, cork screw, fishing hooks and lines; one field glass, for examining mountain formations inaccessible; one pocket lens ; one pocket compass; one tape line; one axe; two prospecting picks; one drilling hammer, and sledge; two long handled shovels; one driller's spoon; three drills of Jessop's steel, one eighteen inches, one twenty-six inches, and one thirty-six inches long; five pounds giant powder; one box of caps and necessary fuse; one blow-pipe; soda, candles, charcoal, coffee, tea, sugar, flour, corn meal, onions, bacon or ham, dried apples, dried beef, pepper, salt, condensed milk, beans, dried peas, crackers, cheese, soap, molasses, baking powder, and all the canned goods that may be suited to the liking of the prospector.

In cooking provisions, particularly in boiling, you

will observe that it takes three times longer to boil in higher altitudes than in lower altitudes.

The prospector should wear heavy woolen clothes next to the person, and coat, pants and vest should be of the California cotton goods.

WARNING. Giant powder is simply nitro-glycerine, absorbed by an absorbent in proportion of forty to seventy-five per cent. The absorbents used are generally infusorial earth, or a combination of the nitrate of soda and sawdust, or bituminous coal and sawdust, in the form of a round stick like molasses candy, with a greased paper surrounding it, and about eight inches long.

The explosion of giant powder is not caused by combustion, but by percussion. The manner of exploding the cartridge is thus: make a hole in one end of the cartridge with a knife or pencil and place the cap in the hole, and one end of the mining fuse in the cap, set fire to the other end of the fuse and retire to a safe distance.

Always bear in mind to have the drill of sufficient size to admit the giant powder cartridge without forcing the same down. Many serious accidents have occurred where the cartridge has been forced down too small a hole.

GRUB-STAKING.-This is a new-coined term used in mining camps. It is an outfit of tools and provisions supplied a prospector, who generally agrees to give,

in consideration of the outfit, one-half of any mines he may discover to the party furnishing such outfit. It also applies to a person who has discovered a mine and has not the means to live upon and operate it; then, in that case, a capitalist supplies the party with such provisions and appliances and takes an interest in the mine, as may be agreed upon between the parties.

In grub-staking it is necessary to make a memorandum of such contract properly signed, attested and recorded, and the same is binding between the parties.

GLOSSARY.

Acequia A ditch for irrigating.

Adamantine-Any rock or ore of extreme hardness,

Adit—A level, a horizontal passage from the surface into a mine.

Alloy-A combination of one or more metals.

Altitude-Elevation of an object above the sea level.

Alluvium-Materials transported and deposited by water.

Aluminum-Metalic base of clay.

Amalgam-Gold or silver combined with mercury.

Amalgamating—A name applied to the process of separating gold and silver
from their ore by mixing them with mercury.
Amorphous-Mineral substances not crystallized.
Apex-The top or highest point of a vein.

Arastra-A rude mill used by Mexicans for grinding ore to a powder.
Arborescent-Mineral of a leaf or twig-like form.

Argillaceous-Of clay-like character.

Assay-A test of mineral to determine quality and quantity.

Assessment-Percentage levied on the capital stock of a company, or the work required to be done annually on a mining claim.

Attrition-Wearing away by rubbing.

Attle-Waste Rock.

Auriferous-Any rock or sand bearing gold.

Augite-Composed of sand, lime and magnesia, with the oxide of iron or

manganese.

Azurite-Blue copper ore.

Barium-Metalic base of barytes.

Barren Contact—A place in a contact without mineral.

Baryta-Barytes--The heaviest of all earthy matter. It is generally found in combination with sulphuric and carbonic acids, forming the sulphate and carbonate of baryta, known as heavy spar.

Basalt-Is composed of augite and feld-spar, and is generally of a dull green, brown, black, or grey tint, containing frequently magnetic iron or particles of olivine

Base Bullion-One or more metals in combination with lead after smelting and cast into an ingot.