1845.

$8,000,000.

MUTUAL

THE

NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE CO.,

346 & 348 BROADWAY,

During its thirty years of business, the Company has

There is nothing desirable and practicable in Life Insurance which this Company does not furnish, whether that be perfect security, equity of management, or adaptability of plans to the public need; there is nothing undesirable and avoidable which it does not avoid.

It originated, in 1860, the celebrated "Non-forfeiture" plan, which has since been adopted by every other company. Its "Tontine Investment policy" has won the unqualified commendation of the ablest actuaries and of the ablest business men.

Men of good reputation, able to devote the whole or even a part of their time in procuring business for this Company, will be liberally compensated for the work accomplished. For terms and conditions, apply to the Home Office of the Company, or any of its General Agencies.

MORRIS FRANKLIN,

WILLIAM H. BEERS,

President.

Vice-Pres. and Actuary.

THEODORE M. BANTA, Cashier.

D. O'DELL, Superintendent of Agencies.

CORNELIUS R. BOGERT, M. D., Medical Examiners.

GEORGE WILKES, M. D.,

CHARLES WRIGHT, M. D., Assis't Medical Examiner.

THE

POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY.

CONDUCTED BY E. L. YOUMANS.

CONTENTS.

I. On the Evolution of the Family. I. By HERBERT SPENCER...
II. Our American Owls. By Prof. SAMUEL LOCKWOOD. (Illustrated.)..
III. Initiatory Forces. By GEORGE ILES..

PAGE

129

142

156

IV. Mesmerism, Odylism, Table-Turning, and Spiritualism. By WILLIAM B.
CARPENTER, LL. D., F. R. S......

161

V. On the Distribution of Standard Time in the United States. By Prof.
EDWARD S. HOLDEN.....

174

VI. Matter and Mind. By FRANCES EMILY WHITE, M. D...

183

VII. Gar-Pikes, Old and Young. II. By Prof. BURT G. WILDER.

(Illustrated.). 186

VIII Relation of the Air to the House we live in. By Dr. MAX VON PETTEN

KOFER. (Illustrated.)...

196

IX. Spinoza: 1677 and 1877. By ERNEST RENAN..

216

X. Transmission of Excitations in Sensory Nerves. By Dr. PAUL BERT. (Illustrated.)..

230

XI. Sketch of Alfred Russel Wallace. (With Portrait.)

235

XII.

CORRESPONDENCE...

236

XIII. EDITOR'S TABLE: The Popular Science Supplements-Jevons on "Cram "-A Baseless

Rumor....

238

LITERARY NOTICES: TYNDALL'S Six Lectures on Light-Facts and Fancies about Fish
-BASTIAT'S Essays on Political Economy- DARWIN'S Effects of Cross and Self Fertiliza-
tion in the Vegetable Kingdom-MCADAM's Alphabet in Finance, etc., etc.......
POPULAR MISCELLANY: Proposed Scientific Expedition around the World-Fruit-
Farming in England-Frequency of Color-Blindness-Marsh-Fevers-How the Chinese
go a-Fishing-The Use of Anti-Ferments-What is Moderate Drinking?-Extending the
Meat-Supply, etc.

IN THE

POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY.

It has been the policy of THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY from the outset to stand upon its own merits, and not to catch public attention by exploiting sensational names in connection with large promises of what is to be done in future. But we subjoin a list of the writers whose work will be found in our past volumes, and from which the reader will note the grade and diversity of talent which have been made available in the columns of the maga zine. This list of able men will be much extended in the coming year by the increased facilities afforded to the MONTHLY by its supplementary issues.

Dr. Charles C. Abbott.
Edmond Aoout.
Prof. Felix Adler.

Dr. Nathan Allen.

Emile Alglave.

Prof. Sheldon Amos.
Frederick Arnold.
Prof. Wm. P. Atkinsoa.
John Anderson, C. E.
W. E. A. Axon.
Alexander Bain.
Dr. F. A. P. Barnard,
Prof. W. S. Baruard.
Walter Bigehot.

Dr. H. Charlton Basti in.
Dr. George M. Beard.
Alfred W. Bennett.
Dr. J. Bertillon.

Prof. Jullus Bernstein.

Prof. Claude Bernard.

Prof. Emile Blanchard.

Dr. Cornelius Black.

F. J. Bramwell, C. E
Prof. Win. H. Brewer.
Prof. Paul Broca.
W. K. Brooks.
Frank Buckland,
Dr. J. C. Bucknill
Maxime du Camp.
Alphonse de Candolle.
Dr. Win. B. Carpenter.
Dr. E. Cazelles.
Prof. F. W. Clarke.
Prof. Kingdon Clifford.
Dr. James Collier.
Prof. J. P. Cooke, Jr.
Prof. H. B. Cornwall,
William Crookes.
Prof. Joseph Czermak.
Chief Justice Daly.
Rev. W. H. Dallinger.
George H. Darwin.
Dr Despine.

Prof. A. P. Deschanel.

Prof. J. W. Draper.
Leon Dumont.
M. Dunant.

Prof. Daniel Duncan.

William Eassie.

President Eliot.

Prof. Ferrier.

John Fiske.

Camille Flammarion.
Dr. Michael Foster.
Rev. T. W Fowle.
Prof. George Forbes.
Dr. J. Milner Fothergill.
R. E. Francillon.
Francis Galton.
Capt. Douglas Galton.
C. M. Garcel.
Dr. A. von Graefe.

Prof. Asa Gray.
Prof. Aug. R. Grote.
Ernst Haeckel.

Byron D. Halstead.

Dr. Allan McLane Hamilton.
Dr. A. C. Hamlin.

Prof. Ch. Fred. Hartt.
Sir John Hawkshaw.
Dr. John W. Hayward.
Rowland G. Hazard.
Rev. George Henslow,
Prof. Joseph Henry.
Mrs. S. B. Herrick.
Shirley Hibbard.

Dr. Gustavus Hinrichs.

Prof. Charles H. Hitchcock.
Prof. Edward S. Holden.
Dr. James Hinton.
Prof. T. Sterry Huat.
Robert Hunt.
Prof. T. H. Huxley.
George Iles.
Ernest Ingersoll.
W. Stanley Jevons.
Dr. N. Jolv.

Dr. J. H. Kidder.
Prof. Daniel Kirkwood.
Dr. Hermann J. Klein.
Prof. John W. Langley.
Dr. Edward Lankester.
Prof. S. P. Langley.
Prof. John Le Conte.
Prof. Joseph Le Conte.
Prof. Albert R. Leeds.
Prof. Joseph Lovering.
Dr. R. Liebreich.
Prof. Carl Littrow.

Rev. Samuel Lockwood.
Dr. Oscar Loew.
Dr. Eugene Lommel.
Dr. Lortet.

Prof. J. Lovering.
Rev. Hugh Macmillan.
Claude Marcel.

Prof. H. Newell Martin.
Clements R. Markham.
Maxwell T Masters.
Prof. N. S. Maskelyne.
Dr. Henry Maudsley.

Prof. Thompson B. Maury.

Prof. Alfred Marshall Mayer.
President McCosh.

C. C. Merriman.

St. George Mivart.

Dr. Fr. Mohr.
Dr. J. B. Mozely.
Dr. Karl Müller.
Max Müller.

Prof. Albrecht Mueller.
Edmund Neisan.
Prof. J. S. Newberry.
Prof. Wm. Odling.
Prof. C. A. Young.

M. Onimus.
E. Oustalet.

M. Fernand Papillon.
Max von Pettenkofer.
Prof. John Phin.
George Pouchet.
Maj. J. W. Powell.
Prof. M. A. F. Prestel.
R. A. Proctor.
A. de Quatrefages.
R. Radau.

Dr. C. B. Radcliffe.
Prof. A. C. Ramsay.
Prof. R. W. Raymond.
Prof. Ira Remsen,
Prof. Osborne Reynolds.
Emil Du Bois-Reymond.
Dr. B. W. Richardson.
Charles V. Riley.
Rev. Arthur Rigg.
George J. Romanes.
Prof. O. N. Rood.

Prof Rücker.

Dr. Charles P. Russell.

E. Sauvage.

P. Schutzenberger,
Dr. H. Schellen.
Dr. E. Seguin.
Louis Simonin.
Dr. Edward Smith.
Dr. R. Angus Smith.
Prof. Goldwin Smith,
Herbert Spencer.
D. A. Spalding.
William Spottiswoode.
Hon. J. B. Stallo.
Prof. Balfour Stewart.
Dr. L. A. Stimson.
Henri Taine.

Sir Henry Thompson.
Dr. J. L. W. Thudichum.
Prof. John Trowbridge.
Mrs. Mary Treat.

Dr. Daniel H. Tuke.

E. B. Tylor.

Prof. John Tyndall.

Otto Ule.

E. O Vaile.
Louis Viardot.

Prof. Voit.

Dr. Hermann Vogel.

H. F. Walling.

Alfred Russel Wallace.
Dr. Ely van de Warker.
W. S. Ward.

William B. Weeden.
Prof. D. H. Wheeler.
Frances Emily White, M. D.
President A D. White.
Frof. Wm. Dwight Whitney.
N. H. Winchell.

Dr. Burt G. Wilder.