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body of the gentleman of England) grow to be loving and obsequious, and to be weary of the humour of ruffling; all mutinous spirits grow to be a little poor and to draw in their horns, and not the less for your majesty's disauctorizing the man I speak of. Now, then, I reasonably doubt, that if there be but an opinion of his coming in with the strength of such an alliance, it will give a turn and relapse in men's minds into the former state of things hardly to be holpen, to the great weakening of your majesty's service.

Again, Your majesty may have perceived that, as far as it was fit for me in modesty to advise, I was ever for a Parliament, (which seemeth to me to be cardo rerum, or summa summarum, for the present occasions.) But this my advice was ever conditional, that your majesty should go to a Parliament with a council united and not distracted; and that your majesty will give me leave never to expect, if that man come in. Not for any difference of mine own, (for I am omnibus omnia for your majesty's service,) but because he is by nature unsociable, and by habit popular, and too old now to take a new ply. And men begin already to collect, yea, and to conclude, that he that raiseth such a smoke to get in, will set all on fire when he is in.

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It may please your majesty, now I have said, I have done and, as I think I have done a duty not unworthy the first year of your last high favour, 1 most humbly pray your majesty to pardon me, if in any thing I have erred; for, my errors shall always be supplied by obedience; and so I conclude with my prayers for the happy preservation of your majesty's person and estate.

Your majesty's most humble, bounden,
and most devoted servant,
FR. BACON, C. S.

From Gorhambury,

this 25th of July, 1617.

TO THE EARL OF BUCKINGHAM.

MY VERY GOOD LORD,

I do think long to hear from your lordship, touching my last letter, wherein I gave you my opinion touching your brother's match. As I then showed my dislike of the matter, so the carriage If of it here in the manner I dislike as much.. your lordship think it is humour or interest in me But, I that leads me, God judge my sincerity. must say, that in your many noble favours towards me, they ever moved and flowed from yourself, and not from any of your friends whatsoever; and, therefore, in requital, give me leave that my counsels to you again be referred to your happiness, and not to the desire of any of your friends. I shall ever give you, as I give my master, safe counsel, and such as time will approve. I received, yesterday, from Mr. Attorney, the

queen's bill, which I send your lordship. The
payment is not out of lands, but out of the cus-
toms, and so it can be but the rent. Your lord-
ship remembereth, it is but in a case which, I
hope, shall never be; that is, after his majesty's
death, if she survive. God ever bless and direct
you.

Your lordship's most faithful and
devoted friend and servant,
FR. BACON, C, S.

Gorhambury, this
25th of July, 1617.

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SIR,-In this solitude of friends, which is the base court of adversity, where nobody, almost, will be seen stirring, I have often remembered this Spanish saying, Amor sin fin, no tiene fin. This bids me make choice of your friend and mine for his noble succours; not now towards the aspiring, but only the respiring of my fortunes. I, who am a man of books, have observed, that he hath both the magnanimity of the old Romans, and the cordiality of the old English, and, withal, I believe he hath the wit of both: sure I am, that, for myself, I have found him in both my fortunes, to esteem me so much above my just value, and to love me so much above the possibility of deserving, or obliging on my part, as if he were a friend created and reserved for such a time as this. You know what I have to say to the great lord, and I conceive it cannot pass so fitly to him, by the mouth of any, as of this gentleman; and therefore do your best (which, I know, will be of power enough) to engage him, both in the substance and to the secrecy of it; for I can think of no man but yourself to be used by me in this, who are so private, so faithful, and so discreet a friend to us both; as, on the other side, I dare swear he is, and know myself to be as true to you as your own heart.

TO THE MARQUIS OF BUCKINGHAM. MY VERY GOOD LORD,

Yesterday, I know, was no day; now I hope I shall hear from your lordship, who are my anchor

*

in these floods. Meanwhile, to ease my heart, I
have written to his majesty the enclosed, which,
I pray your lordship, to read advisedly, and to
deliver it, or not to deliver it, as you think good.
God ever prosper your lordship.
Yours ever, &c.

March 25, 1620.

FR. ST. ALBAN, Canc.

TO THE EARL OF BUCKINGHAM.

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MY VERY GOOD LORD,

TO THE EARL OF BUCKINGHAM.

MY VERY GOOD Lord,

I send your lordship the certificate* touching the enrolment of prentices. We can find no ground for it by law. Myself shall ever be ready to further things that your lordship commendeth; but where the matter will not bear it, your lordship I know will think not the worse, but the better of me, if I signify the true state of things to your lordship; resting ever Your lordship's true friend and devoted servant, FR. BACON, C. S.

Since my last to your lordship, I did first send York House, this 29th of October, 1617.

TO THE EARL OF BUCKINGHAM.

MY VERY GOOD LORD,

for Mr. Attorney-General, and made him know, that since I heard from court, I was resolved to further the match and the conditions thereof, for your lordship's brother's advancement the best I could. I did send, also, to my Lady Hatton, and some other special friends, to let them know, I The liking which his majesty hath of our proceedwould in any thing declare myself for the match; ing, concerning his household, telleth me that his which I did, to the end that, if they had any majesty cannot but dislike the declining and terapprehension of my assistance, they might be dis-giversation of the inferior officers, which by this

couraged in it. I sent also to Sir John Butler, and after by letter to my lady, your mother, to tender my performance of any good office towards the match or the advancement from the mother. This was all I could think of for the present.

time he understandeth.

There be but four kinds of retrenchments: 1. The union of tables; 2. The putting down of tables; 3. The abatement of dishes to tables; 4, The cutting off new diets and allowance lately raised; and yet perhaps such as are more necessary than some of the old.

These things are out of my element, but my care runneth where the king's state most laboureth: Sir Lyonel Cranfield is yet sick, for which I am very sorry; for methinks his majesty, upon these tossings over of his business from one to others

I did ever foresee, that this alliance would go near to leese me your lordship, that I hold so dear; and that was the only respect particular to In my opinion the first is the best and most myself that moved me to be as I was, till I heard feasible. The lord chamberlain's table is the from you. But I will rely upon your constancy principal table of state. The lord steward's and nature, and my own deserving, and the firm table is much frequented by Scottish gentlemen. tie we have in respect of the king's service. Your lordship's table hath a great attendance; In the mean time I must a little complain to and the groom of the stole's table is much resortyour lordship, that I do hear my lady your mothered to by the bedchamber. These would not be and your brother Sir John do speak of me with touched; but for the rest, (his majesty's case consome bitterness and neglect. I must bear with sidered,) I think they may well be united into the one as a lady, and the other as a lover, and one. with both for your lordship's sake, whom I will make judge of any thing they shall have against me. But I hope, though I be a true servant to your lordship, you will not have me to be a vassal to their passions, specially as long as they are governed by Sir Edward Coke and Secretary Winwood, the latter of which I take to be the worst; for Sir Edward Coke I think is more modest and discreet. Therefore your lordship shall do me right, and yet I shall take it for favour if you signify to them that you have received satisfaction from me, and would have them use me friendly, and in good manner. God keep us from these long journeys and absence, which make misunderstandings and give advantage to untruth, and God ever prosper and preserve your lordship. Your lordship's true and devoted friend and servant, FR. BACON, C. S.

Gorhambury, this 23d of Aug. 1617.

See p. 22.

The Certificate:

According to his majesty's command, signified by your lord

ship's letters, we have advisedly considered of the petition the petitioners' counsel, and do find as followeth:

touching the enrolment of apprentices' indentures, and heard

1. That the act of parliament 5° Eliz. doth not warrant the erecting of an office to enrol such indentures in cities, towns corporate, or market towns. But if any such enrolment should be, it must be by the officers there, who are assigned to perform sundry other things touching apprentices and servants.

2. That in country villages (for which the suit carries most colour) we cannot give the suitors hope, that any profit will be there made warrantable by law.

Thus we have (according to our duties) certified our opinions of this petition, submitting the same, nevertheless, to his majesty's great wisdom; and rest,

Oct. 25, 1617.

At your lordship's command,
FR. BACON, C. S.
H. MONTAGUE.
THO. COVENTRY..

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I hold my opinion given in my former letter, that the uniting of some tables is the most passable way; but that is not all, for when that is done, the king may save greatly in that which remaineth. For if it be set down what tables shall be fixed, and what diet allowed to them, my steward (as ill a mesnager as I am,) or my Lord Mayor's steward, can go near to tell what charge will go near to maintain the proportion; then add to that some large allowance for waste (because the king shall not leese his prerogative to be deceived more than other men,) and yet no question there will be a great retrenchment. But against this last abatement will be fronted the payment of arrears. But I confess, I would be glad that I might see, or rather, that a parliament may see, and chiefly that the king (for his own quiet) may see, that upon such a sum paid such an annual retrenchment will follow: for things will never be done in act, except they be first done in conceit.

I know these things do not pertain to me; for my part is to acquit the king's office towards God, by administration of justice, and to oblige the hearts of his people to him by the same, and to maintain his prerogative. But yet because it is in hoc, that the king's case laboureth, I cannot but yield my care and my strength too in counsel, such as it is, which cannot be so much as it was between our Lady-day, and Michaelmas last. But whatsoever it is, it is wholly his majesty's without any deflexion.

As soon as I find any possibility of health in Sir Lyonel Cranfield to execute a sub-commission, I will by conference with him frame a draught of a letter from his majesty, for which there is the fairest occasion in the world; and the king hath prepared it as well as possible. God ever preserve and prosper you.

Your lordship's true friend

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TO THE EARL OF BUCKINGHAM.

MY VERY GOOD LORD,

I send your lordship a draught of a letter touching the sub-commission,* written in wide lines, because it may be the better amended by his majesty. I think it is so penned as none can except to it, no, nor imagine any thing of it. For the household-business there was given a fortnight's day for the pensions, the course which I first propounded of abating of a third throughout, and some wholly, seemeth well entered into. These be no ill beginnings. But this course of the sub-commission thrids all the king's business. God ever preserve and prosper you.

Your lordship's true friend and devoted servant, FR. BACON, C. S.

York House, 27th Nov. 1617.

Sir Lyonel Cranfield is now reasonably well recovered.

TO THE MARQUIS OF BUCKINGHAM. MY VERY GOOD Lord,

I thought fit by this, my private letter to your lordship, to give you an account of such business as your lordship hath recommended unto me, that you may perceive that I have taken that care of them I ought, and ever shall in those things you recommend or remit to me.

For the suit of the ale-houses which concerneth your brother, Mr. Christopher Villiers, and Mr. Patrick Mawle, I have conferred with my lord chief justice and Mr. Solicitor thereupon, and there is a scruple in it, that it should be one of

Draught of the Subcommission: MY LORDS,

In this first and greatest branch of our charge concerning our house we do find what difficulties are made, and what time is lost, in disputing and of devising upon the manner of doing it, whereof the matter must be, and is so fully resolved. Neither can we but see in this, as in a glass, the like event to in every kind, who are best able for skill to propound the retrenchments, will, out of interest or fearfulness, make dainty to do service; and that which is done with an ill-will will never be well done. Again, to make it the act of the whole table, for the particular propositions and reckonings, will be too tedious for you, and will draw the business itself into length; and to make any particular committees of yourselves were to impose that upon a few which requireth to be carried indifferently as the act of you all. For since the great officers themselves think it too heavy for them, as our state now is, to deal in it, without bringing it to the table, with much more reason may any particular persons of you be loath to meddle in it, but at the board. In all which respects we have thought fit, (neither do we see any other way,) that you send unto us the names of the officers of our Exchequer and our Custom House, and auditors out of which we will make choice of some few, best qualified to be subcommittees, for the better ease and the speeding of the business by their continual travails and meetings: whose part and employment we incline to be to attend the principal officers in their several

follow in the rest upon like reason. For the inferior officers

charges, and join themselves to some of the inferior officers, and so take upon them the mechanic and laborious part of every business, thereby to facilitate and prepare it for your consultations, according to the directions and instructions they shall receive from you from to time.

York House, Jan. 25th, 1617.

I

pray your lordship to pardon me, if, in respect of a little watering in one of mine eyes, I have written this letter, being long and private business, in my secretary's hand.

the grievances put down in parliament; which ifted, being principal sinews of his majesty's auit be, I may not in my duty and love to you ad- thority. Therefore the course will be (as I am vise you to deal in it; if it be not, I will mould advised) that for this heinous misprison (that the it in the best manner and help it forward. The party without all colour or shadow of cause should stay is upon the search of the clerk of the parlia-threaten the life of his judge, and of the highest ment, who is out of town; but we have already judge of the kingdom next his majesty) he be found, that the last grievance in 7mo. is not the same first examined, and if he confess it, then an ore with this suit; but we doubt yet of another in 30 tenus; if he confess it not, then an information in the For the business of Mr. Leviston, for your Star Chamber, and he to remain where he is till lordship's sake (who I perceive keeps your noble the hearing. But I do purposely forbear yet to course with me, in acquainting me with these have him examined till the decree or agreement things) I shall apply myself unto you, though in between him and my Lord Aubigny (which is my nature I do desire that those that serve in the now ready) be perfected, lest it should seem an court where I sit, though they be not in places oppression by the terror of the one to beat him of my gift, and so concerns not me nor my place down in the other. Thus I ever rest in profit; yet I wish, I say, I might leave them Your lordship's true friend and devoted servant, in as good case as I find them. And this suit FR. BACON, Canc. concerneth the main profit of the six clerks, who though they be of the master of the rolls his gift, yet they serve in my court. But my greatest doubt is, that the grant cannot be good in law; and that it is not like those other precedents, whereof I have received a note. For the difference is, where things have been written by all the clerks indifferently and loosely, (in which case the king may draw them into an office,) and where they have appertained to one especial office; IT MAY PLEASE YOUR most excellent Majesty, in which case the king can no more take away Finding as well by your majesty's despatches the profits of a man's office than he can the pro-and directions to your council, as now by speech fits of his land. Therefore, I think your lordship may do well to write to Mr. Solicitor and Serjeant Finch, or some other lawyers that you trust, or such as Mr. Leviston trusteth, being persons of account, to inform you of the point in law before you proceed any further: for without that all is in vain. For the business of Hawkyns, touching the register for the commission of bankrupts, I am not yet satisfied, likewise for the law, nor for the conveniency, but I rather incline to think it may pass; and I have set it in a course by which I may be thoroughly informed.

For Sir Rowland Egerton's cause, and his lady's, the parties have submitted themselves unto me, and are content to do it by bond, and therefore, I will undoubtedly make an end of it according to justice and conscience.

For Sir Gilbert Houghton's business I am in very good hope to effect your lordship's desire for his good.

For Moore's business, concerning the printing of books, after hearing all parties, I have sealed his patent; but for his former patent of salt I dare not do it without acquainting the council therewith, which I am ready to do, if he require that course to be taken.

If his majesty at any time ask, touching the Lord Clifton's business, I pray your lordship represent to his majesty thus much, that whatsoever hath passed I thank God I neither fear him nor hate him; but I am wonderful careful of the seat of justice, that they may still be well muni

TO THE KING.

with Mr. Secretary Laque, that your majesty is content to be troubled with business of sundry natures, I thought good, according to the duty of my place and the necessity of the occasion, to put your majesty in mind, that on this day sennight, being Friday in the morning, I am, according to custom, to give a charge and admonition to the judges and justices of peace now before the circuits, wherein I am humbly to crave your majesty's pleasure and directions.

I have for your majesty's better ease set down the heads, which by the prescript of your book, and out of the consideration of the present times, I have thought fittest to be remembered. I have also sent your majesty the last account of the judges' circuits, not to trouble you with the reading of them all; but to the end, that if upon my memorial, or otherwise out of your majesty's own memory which is above memorials, you should have occasion to resort to those accounts, the papers may be by you.

The point of greatest weight in my opinion is the carrying of a balanced hand at this time in the matter of recusants, in regard of the treaty with Spain. For it were good in respect of your people, that there were no note made, that the string is relaxed, and in respect of the treaty, that it is not strained: and therefore the proceeding in those causes be rather diligent than severe.

I am wonderful glad to hear that this extremity of weather, which I think the Muscovite hath brought with him, hath not touched your majesty,

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Mr. Chancellor of the Exchequer hath signified to me, this day, that yesterday his majesty

called him to his coach and said to him, that one

that had used ill speech of me should be called before me and make his submission to me, and, thereupon be called before the council and receive a sharp reprehension, and so be enlarged. And Mr. Chancellor could not tell me who the person was, but after, by some letter he received from Lord Clifton, and speech with a man of his, he perceived it was he.

my

I pray your lordship, in humbleness, to let his majesty know that I little fear the Lord Clifton, but I much fear the example, that it will animate ruffians and rodomonti, extremely, against the seats of justice, (which are his majesty's own seats) yea, and against all authority and greatness, if this pass without public censure and example, it having gone already so far as that the person of a baron hath been committed to the Tower. The punishment it may please his majesty to remit, and I shall not formally but heartily intercede for him, but an example (setting myself aside) I wish for terror of persons that may be more dangerous than he, towards the least judge of the

kingdom.

Therefore, it may please his majesty to speak of it with myself and my lords when he cometh next; and in the mean time I will command from his majesty, the master of the rolls and Mr. Attorney, who were appointed by the table to examine him, to stay. God ever prosper you. Your lordship's true friend and devoted servant, FR. BACON, Canc.

March 17, 1617.

TO THE MARQUIS OF BUCKINGHAM.

MY VERY GOOD LORD,

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This I write for two

commission of the wards in Ireland, which, this
I received, yesternight, a brave account of the
one year, is advanced from two hundred pounds
per annum to four thousand pounds, which is
twenty fold multiplied.
reasons. First, because I glory in it, because it
was my work wholly: next, because his majesty
may take occasion by this to look better to the
improvement of his wards in England in due
time. God ever preserve and prosper you.
Your Lordship's most obliged
friend and faithful servant,
FR. VERULAM, Canc.

York House,
July 27, 1618.

TO THE MARQUIS OF BUCKINGHAM.
MY VERY GOOD LORD,

I am very glad to hear of the honour his majesty intendeth to my noble lady, your lordship's mother. This, amongst many other things, showeth, in your lordship, good nature, which is the root of all virtues, next religion. Besides, it doth sort well in states, when place and power do meet, and stand not too far at distance.

For the passing of it by direction without bill signed, it cannot be in law. So is Mr. Attorney's opinion, and so is mine; and, therefore, there is presently a bill sent with an endorsement of passing it by immediate warrant, and this antedate.

For the antedate, I must present his majesty with my caution, and with my obedience.

For the statute tieth me from antedates; and, indeed, the mischief is infinite: for, by that means the king may grant any land, &c., and take it away a month hence, and grant it another by an antedate. And, surely, were it land or the like, I would not say absit, or your majesty cannot do it for the world; or your majesty is sworn, and I am sworn; or such brave phrases: but, surely, (I say) I would in humbleness represent it to his majesty. But the case of honour differeth; for, therein his majesty's prerogative and declaration is absoFirst, It is a perpetuity, and so much rent in lute, and he may make him that is last to be first. diminution of revenue certain. And, therefore, upon his majesty's signification

I pray your lordship to signify to his majesty that I thought it my duty to stay at the seal, a book of Sir Francis Steward's and Sir James Averlony, &c., of £200 land in charge in fee simple: my reasons.

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