surrounding this matter for years, but this could have been suspected out of a corrupt political system that was finally ousted by the people in a governmental consolidation election 2 years ago. The new government has now taken over the reins of running the city, but so far we see few changes in attitude toward the city's electric stations. There was talk for years of possibly switching to natural gas, at least as a partial fuel, to assist in curbing air pollution, but that has never progressed very far. There has also been talk of switching to nuclear power, but that too has been sidetracked time and again.

COMMUNITY SPLIT

Presently the community is likely to be split into two differing camps because of a proposal by the Air Pollution Control Board in the new government. This proposal would have the effect of forcing the new electric authority to use lower sulfur content fuel oils in the future to help curb pollution. The first step was to take place next year, but a representative of the electric authority, speaking before a committee of the city council, quickly reminded them, and therefore the public at large, that the electric authority had planned a cutback in electric prices for this coming year, but that it would be forced to cancel any rate reduction if forced to go on the more expensive fuel. The public, therefore, is faced with a real bread-and-butter, pocketbook issue of having a reduction in air pollution or having a reduction in electric. rates. This issue is scheduled for a showdown public hearing this coming Wednesday and it will be interesting to see which direction the public chooses on its own.

One other matter regarding the electric department of the city. The Army Corps of Engineers has used the fact that it must receive great quantities of fuel oil in large tankers in order to justify a harbor channel deepening project. We have no quarrel with the project, merely that we may have to endure, a great deal of fuel oil type pollution in order to get the channel deepened. This may be too heavy a price to pay.

The present air pollution control board in the city is in reality also merely an advisory committee to the mayor and the city health department. It has no power to enforce its feelings, recommendations, or rulings. There has been a great deal of feeling, including some from members of the board itself that it should be given much more power than being merely a type of suggestion box for the mayor and the air pollution officer. The feeling is the board should be able to act on its own without waiting for recommendations from others. The board's hands may be greatly tied as it presently exists.

In another government matter air pollution has been ignored entirely in the past by zoning boards as to placement of industry in the county. The Jacksonville-Duval Area Planning Board is largely in charge of suggesting land use now and as far as we know, considers air pollution only as a secondary matter in its deliberations. Our weathermen in the area have told us that air pollution problems are at their worst for the city when winds come from the northeast-and this is almost the prevailing wind direction for this area. Add to this the fact that major industry is already springing up northeast of the city, and that area is planned for future industrial expansion, and one can see that Jacksonville is going to be downwind and will receive all the fall

out from industrial pollution at the worst possible times. Unless something is done to change this trend we are likely in for a far more serious problem in the future.

SUMMARY

In summing up, gentlemen, we feel the city must stand back and take a good long look at itself again to see where it stands in relationship to air pollution. There has been no concentrated study of the area's problems in several years now and we feel one is needed. We feel present up-to-date material is inadequate for the job that must be done and that has been the case since the last full study. In short, we feel the city really doesn't know where it stands now in relationship to air pollution. We therefore suggest and strongly urge that a new independent study of air pollution in Jacksonville be undertaken to fully outline the area's problems and likely future needs to curb these problems. We feel in this way we can stop stumbling around with a limited staff and finally come to grips with some of the most dangerous potential problems in air pollution.

Finally this comment is a direct quote from Dr. Azcuy himself speaking personally and professionally as a physician, and I quote Dr. Azcuy:

Respiratory diseases of all kinds, including emphysema, bronchitis, asthma, etc., are more prevalent in this city than any other serious illness. Although air pollution cannot be incriminated as being solely responsible for this, indeed it is a major cause for aggravation of naturally crippling diseases.

Although not a scientific fact, it is my impression that pollution in this area on certain days would be just as bad as smoking between a half to one pack of cigarettes. I am able to predict with great accuracy which patients will be calling for aggravation of respiratory symptoms according to the direction of the wind which pollutes the air more heavily in some areas as it shifts its direction.

The apathy of the general public and the local government with regard to this most serious and pressing problem will result in catastrophic health problems such as has happened in other larger cities where health officers have been obligated to ask people with respiratory diseases to remain at home at periods when weather and peak air pollution have reached unpredictably high proportions. I predict that in the not too distant future, the situation of this city will be similar.

We certainly can do nothing to change the peculiar climatic conditions of this area, but we are indeed able to remedy air pollution brought about by the disre gard of special interests in the health of the public.

That, unquote, from Dr. Azcuy.

Senator RANDOLPH. You pronounce it Azcuy?

Mr. KERLIN. Azcuy.

Senator RANDOLPH. Are you prepared to answer questions for the doctor, or shall we give those to him to be answered later?

Mr. KERLIN. I would suggest that, since I am answerable to the board, that you give them directly to him, since he is a member of our board of trustees.

Senator RANDOLPH. We shall do that then, except I think that you are in a position to comment on the statement in this regard.

You speak about a county bill to have an air pollution check, as part of the car safety inspections in Jacksonville. Then you say that the Florida Legislature proceeded to prohibit any county in the State from imposing more stringent requirements other than those of total State inspection.

A VOICE. No. He had to leave.

Senator RANDOLPH. Can any of you gentlemen that were with him address yourselves to this subject?

A VOICE. Not that particular bill; no, sir.

Mr. CARLUCCI. Mrs. Hayes, I believe, is acquainted with it, Senator. Senator RANDOLPH. She is a witness later and it would be

Mrs. HAYES. I will speak to that also.

Senator RANDOLPH. Yes; if you will.

Mr. KERLIN. To my knowledge, sir, the bill that you speak of was an amendment to the original-in other words, this air pollution business of the car was an amendment to the bill in Tallahassee and that this amendment never passed and that is the reason we are prevented now from adding on air pollution here in Duval County. This was to my knowledge.

Senator RANDOLPH. You say that industry is having a rapid growth in the northeast section of the city, an area planned for industrial expansion. The doctor seems to indicate that this will compound the problem from the standpoint of serious air pollution.

Are you able to comment on that statement?

Mr. KERLIN. Not per se, I don't believe, sir.

Senator RANDOLPH. Well, thank you very much for giving this testimony for Dr. Azcuy.

(Subsequently the following letters were received for the record:)

JIM KERLIN,

AUGUST 4, 1969.

Program Director, Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease Association of Northeast Florida, Inc., Jacksonville, Fla.

DEAR MR. KERLIN: I wish to express my appreciation to you for your assistance during the Committee's recent hearings in Jacksonville on S. 2005, the Resource Recovery Act of 1969. Your testimony was very informative and helpful.

Enclosed is a copy of the hearing transcript of your testimony which is being prepared for publication. Your assistance in reviewing your presentation and, where appropriate, editing it for clarity would be appreciated.

In reviewing the transcript, additional questions have occurred which I would like to direct to you at this time:

1. The Air Quality Act of 1967 and the Federal Water Pollution Control Act are structured to provide for public participation. To what extent do your state laws provide for public participation both in the establishment of standards and regulations as well as during abatement actions?

2. How does your Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease Association propose to mobilize the citizens in the Jacksonville areas and make their expectations known to State and city officials engaged in setting environmental standards and regulations?

Your response by August 15, 1969, will allow us to meet our projected publication schedule.

I would like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to you and the many others who made our stay in Jacksonville pleasant. With kind regards,

Truly,

JENNINGS RANDOLPH, Chairman.

TUBERCULOSIS AND RESPIRATORY DISEASE ASSOCIATION

OF NORTHEAST FLORIDA, INC., Jacksonville, Fla., August 11, 1699.

Hon. JENNINGS RANDOLPH,

Chairman, Committee on Public Works,

U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C.

DEAR SENATOR RANDOLPH: Thank you for the most kind letter and transcript of my testimony given for the Association. I have corrected the transcript and you will find it enclosed.

After consultation with some members of our Board, I will endeavor to answer the two questions you pose.

In answer to your first question regarding public participation within our state laws, it is our understanding after checking with authorities that the only provision for public participation is through public hearings. This would be all well and good except members of the Air Pollution Control Board in Jacksonville get constant reports that the state agency in charge of air and water pollution are constantly ducking their responsibility by avoiding public hearings where they have been asked for.

As to your second question regarding what action the association plans, we are mainly an information and educational group as it is. The way we mobilize citizens is to keep them informed of what is going on and what is their rights and preprogatives in affecting laws. We do this through all available media as if is possible here in Jacksonville (since several outlets are somewhat controlled in their output of news here) as well as making talks to groups and urging our Board to action through the association membership itself. We make our expectations known through writing and wiring the officials in charge of the various areas of responsibility much in the way we assisted in trying to get your subcommittee here for the hearings. We are constantly engaged in work with the Jacksonville Air Pollution Control Board and two of the five members of that Board are on our Board also. One of those is another person who testified at your hearing, Mrs. Lee (Mimi) Adams. We work quite closely with these people and this Board, assisting martial public opinion behind them when they need it. Thanks to your trip to Jacksonville, we feel, we have already accomplished a couple of compromises with the Jacksonville Electric Authority (major air polluters through power generation). Come again anytime and if we can be of further help, just ask.

Sincerely,

JIM KERLIN, Program Director.

Senator RANDOLPH. Mr. English? Will you identify yourself and your associate? Thank you.

STATEMENT OF JAMES S. ENGLISH, DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC WORKS, CITY OF JACKSONVILLE; ACCOMPANIED BY CLINTON W. BROWN, CHIEF OF GARBAGE AND STREET CLEANING

Mr. ENGLISH. My name is James S. English, director of public works for the city of Jacksonville.

I have with me the chief of the garbage and street-cleaning division, Mr. Clinton W. Brown.

Senator RANDOLPH. Will you proceed, please?

INTRODUCTION

Mr. ENGLISH. Senator Randolph, gentlemen, solid waste, a clean name for garbage and trash, is a major problem in our community as well as most other metropolitan areas. It has not received the notoriety as its water polluting counterpart, sewage; however, it is just as detrimental to the health and welfare of our citizens.

It is, indeed, fortunate that we have local, State, and Federal officials who are expressing their awareness of the problem, are offering their assistance in solving the problems, and are insisting that the problems be exposed and solved.

We in Jacksonville for many years have been disposing of our solid waste in land fills and by incineration. Convenient areas suitable for land fill disposal are becoming scarce and our small incinerator is

COLLECTION SYSTEM

The city of Jacksonville garbage and street-cleaning division functions under the department of public works to provide collection and disposal of all solid wastes generated within the first urban services district. That's the old city limits. Solid waste collection in the formerly unincorporated areas is performed by nine private collectors who operate under franchises. Their principal method of disposal is through the use of sanitary land fills.

The city garbage and street-cleaning division presently operates 63 garbage collection routes with a total of approximately 57,000 pickup points in the system. Residential areas are served 3 days each week and commercial-industrial areas are served on a 5- to 7-day basis for garbage pickup. Trash collection is provided once a week for all areas by 23 trucks assisted on Tuesdays and Thursdays by the garbage collection trucks and crews.

Senator RANDOLPH. On that point, Mr. English, in the District of Columbia we find that when a holiday comes that the pickup of garbage takes place, hopefully, the next day or the next day, and the whole system of collection is thrown off schedule.

What do you do when you have a holiday in the city of Jacksonville? Mr. BROWN. Our service also is interrupted.

If the holiday falls on a garbage collection day, since we are providing three garbage pickups per week-Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, and when we are on schedule, and Tuesdays and Thursdays are devoted to trash pickup-we space the garbage pickups so that it will best serve the people.

If the holiday should fall on Friday, which would normally be a garbage collection day, we would eliminate Wednesday as a garbage collection day, pick up garbage on Monday and Thursday of that week and devote Tuesday and Wednesday to trash collection.

The hospitals and the heavy solid waste volume-generating locations would receive uninterrupted service.

Enreliable Pickup Service

Senator RANDOLPH. I am grateful for your response, because there is a constant complaint in the District of Columbia that the garbage and trash collection dates are becoming unreliable.

Mr. BROWN. Yes, sir.

Senator RANDOLPH. And that the owner of the property in question places the garbage out for pickup and then goes to work thinking it is going to be picked up, and it is not picked up. I am not arguing the point except to say this is reality.

Also we have difficulty in contacting the sanitation department, Mr. Brown, on the telephone.

Mr. BROWN. Yes, sir.

Senator RANDOLPH. Hundreds and thousands of people cannot get through to find out exactly what is going to happen. This is a real problem and that is why I am mentioning it here today, to see if it is a problem in Jacksonville, and whether trash and litter and garbage is accumulating on your sidewalks or adjacent at least to the sidewalks, and whether this is causing a real problem of pollution.

Mr. BROWN. No, sir; it is not causing a real problem of pollution, but with the career system that we have built into our garbage col

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