(A.) A man might be indebted to the State in the following ways: (1.) By being cast in a suit on his audit (evoúvas). (3.) Or in public suits (ypapàs). (4.) Or having been summarily convicted and fined by a magistrate (ἐπιβολὴν). (5.) Or having purchased a contract for some tax and failed to pay the treasury (úvás). (6.) Or by having given bail to the State. All such debtors were bound to pay in the ninth Prytany from the time of incurring the debt (i.e. in the third month), or to pay double, and to have their property confiscated for the satisfaction of the debt. (B.) Total ȧriuía excluded a man and his descendants from all civil functions, and was incurred by the following crimes (among others): : (1.) Theft, or taking bribes (κλοπῆς . . δώρων). (2.) Military offences, leaving his proper rank (Aeroтažia), not joining the army (doтparela), cowardice (deiλía), not joining his ship (avavuaxiou), throwing away his shield (ἀσπίδος ἀποβολή). (3.) Having three times given false evidence (Yevdoμapτυρίων). (4.) Having three times made a false endorsement on a summons (ψευδοκλητείας). (5.) Ill-treatment of parents (τοὺς γονέας κακῶς ποιεῖν). (C.) Partial driula, inflicted for particular reasons and consisting of definite disabilities. For instance : (1.) Men who had served under the Thirty were disabled from speaking in the Ecclesia, or being members of the Boule. (2.) Some were disabled from acting as prosecutors in public indictments. (3.) Some from laying an information (evdeığıS). (4.) Some from sailing to the Hellespont or to Ionia. This is not of course an exhaustive list either of the ways in which arula could be incurred, or the various degrees in which it was inflicted. But an attentive study of the passage, of which a résumé is here given, will convey a sufficiently clear idea of the subject, and will be a great help towards understanding more than one passage in these speeches. III. MONEY. For the calculation of the various sums of money mentioned in these speeches, the following simple table will perhaps be useful : 6 obols 100 drachmæ 60 minæ (6000 dr.) = 1 drachma = 1 mina = 1 talent The talent and mina were not coins but sums, and were used as symbols in the calculation of coins. The standard coin was the drachma (about 10d.), and was, with its multiples, silver. When a numeral like dioxia is used without any coin being added, spaxual is always to be understood. Besides this we have two gold coins alluded to—(1) the daric (v. 1. 72), which was reckoned as worth twenty Attic drachmæ ; (2) the Cyzikene stater (ib.), which at any rate in the Bosporus was worth twenty-eight Attic drachmæ (Demosth. 914); whether it was of that value universally does not seem certain, though perhaps Demosthenes' words (ékeî édúvaтo) may imply that it was not. The Attic stater was worth twenty drachmæ. See x. 1. 260. The Athenian silver coinage was purer than that of most other States, though at times attempts were made to debase it. See Arist. Ran. 717 sq. Down to the half-obol it was of silver, not copper, which helps to explain that curious habit often alluded to by Aristophanes of putting small change in the mouth. See Equit. 51. Pax, 645. Vespa, 609. Aves, 503. Eccles. 818. Theophrast. Char. vi. IV. HARPOCRATION'S LEXICON. The following speeches of Lysias are quoted by Harpocration (fl. circa 350 A.D.) Those printed in thick type are extant. Those to which an asterisk is prefixed are, according to him, of doubtful genuineness; those to which two asterisks are prefixed are sometimes referred to by him as doubtful (εἰ γνήσιος έστι) sometimes without any mark of doubt. V. THE OATH TAKEN BY THE ATHENIAN DICASTS. PRESERVED IN DEMOSTHENES, 746. 'I will vote in accordance with the laws and the decrees of the Demus of the Athenians, and of the Boulè of the Five Hundred. 'That a tyrant should be I will not vote, nor an oligarchy; nor, if any try to abolish the Demus of the Athenians, or speak or put to the vote aught contrary to these things, will I hearken to him. 'Nor a cancelling of private debts, nor a redistribution of land or houses of the Athenians. 'I will not recall those in exile, nor those on whom sentence of death has been passed. Neither those who are abiding will I banish contrary to the existing laws and the decrees of the Demus of the Athenians,—I will not do so myself, nor suffer others so to do. 'I will not confirm an office so that a man hold it before he have passed his audit for another office, whether one of the nine Archons, or sacred Recorder, or whatever offices are balloted for this day with the nine Archons,-whether herald, or ambassador, or deputies.1 'I will not vote that the same man hold the same office twice, nor that the same man hold two offices in the same year. 'I will receive no gifts on account of my service in court,neither myself nor any other man or woman for me, by any means or contrivance whatsoever. 'I am not under thirty years of age. 'I will listen to the accuser and the defendant both alike. 'I will give my vote on the question at issue, and none other. 'I swear by Zeus Poseidon Demeter: I invoke utter destruction on myself and my house 2 if I transgress aught of these things, and many blessings if I keep my oath.' 1 oúvedpol, i.e. members of the Congress of States sitting at Athens after B.C. 377. See Dict. of Antiq. 2 Compare the comic oath in Aristoph. Ran. 586: ἀλλ ̓ ἤν σε τοῦ λοιποῦ ποτ ̓ ἀφέλωμαι χρόνου κάκιστ' ἀπολοίμην. [The References are to the NOTES by the number of Speech and Line, except where the page (p.) or section (§) is notified.] INDICES. I. PROPER NAMES AND SUBJECTS. ACCUSATIVE absolute, 2, 98, 115; Adriatic, the, 16, 214. Agesilaus, 8, 124. and profanation of the Mys- aorist infin. after verbs of Agora, shops round the, 13, 150; arbitration, 4, 36. living near, 10, 376. Alcibiades (the elder), 5, 295; his second disgrace, 7, 272; his subsequent conduct, 7, 287; feeling at Athens towards, 7, 123; characteristic remark about his son, 7, 205; false charge against, about Egospotami, 7, 293; his pedigree, 7, 305; his connection with the mutilation of Hermæ Archebiades, 7, 208. |