1. M. Ft. Pill. No. 50 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. A plaster is ordered 8 Cm. by 12 Cm.-state size in inches. What quantity of Opium will be required to make one avoirdupois pound of Dover's Powder? How much Opium in one troy ounce of the finished product?. Give a practical illustration of the meaning and value of Specific Gravity! Of Specific Volume! What would be the effect on the Specific Gravity of the dissolving of a solid in a liquid? What effect on the Specific Volume? SULPHUR. In what form is it official? How do How is the Ointment prepared and they differ? what form is used? Of what official compound laxative powder is Sulphur an ingredient? Give ingredients and process for preparing Tinct. Iodi. What is the object of the Potassium Iodide in this tincture? Give ingredients and process for Liq. Iodi. Comp. 3. 4. Glycerine Elix. Phos. Iron, Quinine and Strychnine. Tr. Cinchona Comp. One minute was allowed for each specimen. Materia Medica, Toxicology, and Posolgy. Name ten forms or classes of preparations in which medicinal agents may be given or used. State five ways by which medicines may enter the system. Vegetable drugs may be classified as:-Amylaceous, Mucilaginous, Acidulous, Oleaginous, Resinous, Gum Resinous, Balsamic, Glucosidal, Alka. loidal, and containing Neutral Principles. Define each group, giving an example. Give an example with botanical name and habitat, to represent each of the following plant parts:Root, Leaf Rhizom, Tuber, Flowering Top, Seed, Fruit, and Wood. Name active principle and official preparations of the following.-Benzoin, Physostigma, Hydrastis, Guarana, and Hyoscyamus. 5. SQUILL. 6. 7. 8. 9. To what family does it belong? Describe the drug. Name its active principle. State its medical properties. Name an allied or botanically related plant. LINSEED. Give botanical name. Give official Latin and English common names. What constituents give it medicinal value and for what used? LICORICE. State its botanical name. State its Latin and official English names. What sweet principle does it contain? Name two commercial varieties. For what property is it chiefly valuable in medicine? State doses of the following:-Trional, Aspirin, Urotropin, Veronal, Podophyllin, Jalap, Inspissated Oxgall, Tinct. Lobelia, Wine Colchicum Seed, Fluid extract Capsicum. What would be the proper adult dose of an eight ounce mixture containing half an ounce of Tinct. Nux Vomica as the principal ingredient? State dose of the mixture for a child eight years old, showing your calculation for same under the dose rule. State antidotal treatment for poisoning by each of the following: Cocaine, Chloral Hydrate. Zinc Salts, Potassium Cyanide, and Formaldehyde. State briefly all the conditions governing the sale of poisons in North Carolina. (A verbatim statement of the law will not be accepted). Name those that must be recorded. What solvents are used in the preparation of:Oleoresins, and Resins? How does the U. S. P. direct the following to be kept and what will result if directions are disobeyed? Spir. Aetheris Nitrosi, Zinci Chloridum, Argenti Nitras Fusus, Aqua Chloroformi, and Serum Antidiphthericum. 10. 10. Name the two official digestive agents. 11. In what media or conditions is each most active? What substances are used with each for assaying strength? What criticism can you make of Elix. Digestivum Comp., N. E, on account of the media in which the above ferments are active? 12. Name the narcotic habit-forming drugs which may be retailed only on bona-fide prescriptions. Specimen recognition. Specimens recognized: Gentian Root. How is the commercial or technical grade of Iodine purified? Name three official inorganic iodides. What is the compound known as Aristol? What volumetric solution is used for titrating to determine the amount of iodine present in the tincture of iodine? Why should syrup of ferrous iodide be kept in direct sunlight? Describe two chemical tests for iodine and iodides. How does Sodium Bicarbonate differ in chemical composition from Monohydrated Sodium Carbonate? How may the normal carbonate be derived from the bicarbonate? Why is the mixture of sodium bicarbonate and potassium and sodium tartrate wrapped separately from the tartaric acid in Seidlitz Powders? 3. What conditions are necessary for the vinous fermentation of cane sugar? 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. From which Alcohol may acetic acid be derived? What is denatured alcohol? How is Formalde Ca O -- H20 Ca (OH)2 3 KHCO3 -|- H3 C6 H5 07 K3 C6 H5 07 -- 3 H2 O -- 3 C 02 Diluted Hydrocyanic Acid U. S. P. contains two per cent. absolute HCN, the remainder being H2O. How much absolute acid in 90 Gm? How much mercuric chloride is required to yield Hg C12 - Na OH = Hg 0 -- 2Na Cl -|- H20 9. What reaction takes place when bismuth subnitrate is combined in aqueous mixtures with soluble corbonates or bicarbonates? What reactions may occur in the following. R. drij Spir. Ammon, Ar. dr. iii Bismuth. Subnit. Zinc. Acetat. Syrupi M. dr. i ad dr. iij DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY Chemical Abstracts Published by the American Chemical Society. 2 2 Another Sensitive lodine Test for the Practicing Physician. J. Schumacher. Deut. med. Wochschr. 41, 532 (1915.)-To the urine to be tested HO and 1% alcoholic benzidine soln. are added. The upper part of the fluid is heated and becomes intensely brown or black in the presence of I.-[S. Amberg. A New Salvarsan Preparation, "Salvarsan-Sodi-, um." T. Fabry and A. Fischer. Munch. med. Wochschr. 62, 612-4 (1915.) "Salvarsan-sodium" contains about 20% As and is easily sol. in water. It was given intravenously in average doses of 0.45 g. in 50 cc. 0.4% NaCl with good results.[S. Amberg. Preparation of Animal Charcoal for Medical Use.Rudolf Ditmar. Die Umschau. No. 48, 1914; allg. Oest. Apoth. Ver. Dec., 1914; Pharm. P. 94, 209 (1915).-Sea fish and fresh-water fish are cut into small pieces, washed and boiled with 2-5 times their vol. of HO for 3-5 hrs. The H2O is then drawn off and evapd. to a sirup which is dried in vacuo. The residue is ground and charred in the usual way. If necessary, the charcoal is washed with HCl and H2O. The ground product is a dark, non-hygroscopic pow. der with 90-95% of C, very suitable for its microbeabsorbing qualities.-[S. Waldbott. Nessler Reagent.-G. Frerichs and E. Mannheim, Apoth. Ztg. 29, 972-4 (1914).-The following method for prepg. this reagent is suggested: In a 100 ce flash containing 3 g. H.O dissolve in the cold 2.5 g. KI and 3.5 g. HgI,, then add 100 g. 15% KOH and allow the mixt. to stand several days for the eventual deposition of a slight ppt. due to traces of NH, usually present in the alkali. Decant the clear soln. from the ppt. Should it seem desirable to render the reagent immediately available, add a small quantity of talc and pass the liquid through a small sand filter. In testing distd. H2O, use 10 cc. of the latter to about 1-2 cc. of reagent; testing hexamethyreagent to 10 cc. of soln. (1:19) under exam.-[W. 2 A Simple Clinical Method for the Determination of Ammonia in Urine. A. A. Bonnema. Apeldoorn. Chem. Ztg. 39, 519 (1915.)-In the first method described (not new) distn. from CaO and C H OH at atm. pressure is used. Henriques and Sorensen's method (C. A. 4, 1622; 5, 1457) is also modified as follows: To 10 cc. urine add 30 cc. H O and 5 drops of 1% alc. soln. of phenolphthalein and titrate with 0.1 N NaOH. Then add 10 cc. of CHO, previously neutralized with phenolphthalein indicator, and titrate again to the red color, using a 2nd flask containing 10 cc. urine and 30 cc. H,O for comparison. The NaOH soln. used in the last titration corresponds to the NH, combined with amino acids. Purification of the urine with BaCl, and Ba(OH), is unnecessary.-[J. H. Moore. 2 FORTY YEARS AGO The St. Louis College of Pharmacy Alumni Association was organized September 21, 1875, by the graduating class of that year, together with a few previous graduates. It has been customary to celebrate various anniversaries, and the completion of the fortieth year of successful work was appropriately observed by a banquet at the Annex Hotel Tuesday, September 21, 1915. The affair was in the hands of an arrangement committee consisting of: J. A. Wilkerson (Chairman), Chas. Hahn, Glenn A. Burkart, John Fritz, G. F. Siemers, Theo. C. Hagenow, Chas A. Lips. Dr. Otto A. Wall, Jr., and G. A. Grix. The occasion was made particularly impressive by the presence of the following charter members: Henry T. Bechtold, W. C. Bolm, Charles Gietner, Francis Hemm and Charles A. Lips. Each one of the 125 members present was decorated with an apron bearing the seal of the association, with year of graduation. The menu speaks for itself as far as cuisine is concerned. The handsome booklet, however, must be seen to be appreciated. The first page of cover is illuminated with an interesting design made by Charles A. Lips. Extractum Bovine Peptone cum Agarico-Campestre Solanorum Tuberosorum Pillulae, Verdigres Coated Lactucae Satival cum Oleum Ricini Love Apple Fruit Frigidum Extractum Lactis Sacharum Lamellae Panis Odoratus Fortissima (Very)-Carbon Bisulphide Decoction of Wakeful Berry Nicotina a la Rope aa quantum satis ad Saturationem Misce-Volueris fiat Confectum proprium Signa-capiat omnia in potionem unam Acidum Oxalicum (for the rusty ones) Get it from "Spots" J. A. Wilkerson, ex-president, served as toastmaster in a very pleasing manner. The written statement that "brevity is the soul of wit" kept the individual responses well within the bounds in harmony with the spirit of sociability which prevailed, and no undue encroachment was made by the speak ers on the time set apart for cabaret and instrumental music. In the absence of Thomas A. Buckland, president of the St. Louis College of Pharmacy, Dr. H. M. Whelpley, dean, responded for the school. He pointed out the evolution of the St. Louis College of Pharmacy of today from the small beginning forty years ago, and laid stress on the fact that no up-to-date. school of pharmacy can depend entirely on the fees from students, but must have financial as well as professional support from its friends. Dr. Charles E. Caspari spoke for the faculty. He called attention to the endowment funds which have made possible various educational institutions, and suggested an Alumni Endowment as one of the desirable activities of the association. He also recommended an Alumni Standing Committee for counsel with the college on work for the good of the school. Professor Francis Hemm responded for the Alumni Association, showing the activities of its members in local and national pharmaceutical affairs. Among other timely suggestions was the recommendation that a delegation from the Alumni be sent each year to the annual meeting of the American Pharmaceutical Association. President Dr. William H. Thaler next presented William C. Bolm with a handsome and valuable gold medal, which had been voted him by the Alumni for long and valuable services. The class of 1875 has kept in close and useful touch with the organization, and Mr. Bolm has been among the most industrious in this good work. In a happy and appropriate response, Mr. Bolm accepted the medal, and particularly thanked the young men of the association for their appreciation of the continued service of the older members. J. E. Koppenbrink, of Higginsville, president of the Missouri Pharmaceutical Association, responded in behalf of his organization, in which many members of the Alumni Association are active. Professor J. M. Good spoke in a reminiscent mood and mentioned his first lecture in the school, which was given forty years ago to the class which organized the Alumni Association. Henry O. A. Huegel was humorous, but also to the point with timely comments. The father of the Alumni Association is Charles Gietner, who was its first secretary, and for almost forty years has been its treasurer. He has an accumulation of Alumni Association photographs and papers which are of great historical value. His remarks were received with enthusiastic applause. Dr. J. C. Falk, ex-president of the college and now chairman of the Board of Trustees, extended the congratulations of the school in a happy manner. Lorenz A. Seitz, ex-president of the college and ex-president of the Board of Trustees, and always active in the welfare of the Alumni, was heartily greeted when he spoke. Dr. Otto F. Claus, ex-president of the college and ex-president of the Alumni Association, commented on timely topics pertaining to the Alumni. Theodore F. Hagenow first made certain that it was not his popular son, Theodore, upon whom Toastmaster Wilkerson intended to call. Mr. Hagenow, who is an ex-president of the Alumni and the college, and ex-chairman of the executive Board, spoke briefly of the recent meeting of the N. A. R. D. Thomas B. Chambers, as a representative of the class of 1914, explained how pleasing it was to enjoy the privilege of such a celebration. He is corresponding secretary of the Alumni. Judge Solomon Boehm, who has been treasurer of the college during the life time of the Alumni, made an earnest appeal for practical Alumni work for the welfare of the school. J. W. Mackelden, instructor in microscopy, spoke in favor of placing the endowment fund proposition in practical form. Dr. W. D. Aufderheide, ex-president of the Alumni and for years active in the executive board, made an interesting talk of a practical nature. Dr. Otto A. Wall, junior instructor in pharmacognosy, and ex-president of the Alumni, as usual, spoke in a pleasing manner. A. S. Ludwig, who has served the Alumni in many capacities, gave the younger members a bit of good advice, as he always extends his co-operation. Charles Renner, who always has good ideas and never hesitates in expressing them, was reminded of his popularity by the applause as he spoke. When it was learned that the Alumni Association anniversary occurred on the birthday of Dr. James H. Beal, the association instructed its secretary to convey to the doctor the hearty congratulations of those assembled at the fortieth anniversary of the association. It also developed that September 21 is the birthday anniversary of Dr. W. D. Aufderheide, who was also born in 1875. This is the fortieth anniversary year of Dr. Charles E. Caspari. Then it was rumored that September 22 is the birthday anniversary of Charles Gietner, so the program was continued past midnight in order to properly congratulate Charles Gietner, father of the Alumni Association. Other members of the Alumni Association whose birthdays occur on September 21, or who were born in 1875, are requested to communicate the fact to Toastmaster J. A. Wilkerson, care of the JohnsonEnderle-Pauley Drug Co., Seventh and St. Charles streets, St. Louis. COLLEGES A Course in Business Training is now a part of the regular curriculum in the Iowa University College of Pharmacy. The lowa University College of Pharmacy now requires high school graduates or its educational equivalent from all matriculants. Teaching Pharmacy in the Public High Schools is now an accomplished fact. The Cass Technical High School, of Detroit, Mich., has a pharmacy school as a part of the regular public institution. Just what bearing this tuition free school will have on independent schools of pharmacy and those which are departments of universities remains to be seen. Chicago has had some experience in similar lines and it is not unlikely that pharmacy will eventually be taught by the public schools in all of the larger cities. The following announcement is worthy of careful study: Requirements: Students must have completed the 10th grade and be at least 17 years of age. Those who can not meet these requirements may take a special examination and receive a certificate of entrance. Students desiring special instruction may get the same at the school. Tuition. As Cass Technical High School is a public institution, tuition is free. Laboratory fees will be charged to cover actual cost of materials. Instructors: Competent men have been obtained as instructors. Twenty students will be required to establish a class. Enrollment: Students may enroll the week of September 13. The school opens Monday, September 20, at 1:30 p. m. Information in regard to this course may be obtained from Mr. E. G. Allen and Mr. J. C. Moore, Cass Technical High School. Time: Monday, Wednesday and Friday. Afternoons, from 1:30 to 5:30. Evenings from 7.00 to 10:00. First Year, 1st Semester Chemistry, Qualitative Bacteriology Second Year, 1st Semester Pharmacognosy Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Quantitative Pharmacy Practice Accounting 378 44 263 Total 375 WHEN A CUSTOMER DOUBTS YOUR WORD, make up your mind there is something radically wrong with your appearance or with your talk. BRUSHES AND BRUSHES Importance of Brushes. With the exception of food and clothing, and perhaps articles of personal adornment, there is probably no article which enters more largely into the every day life of the average human being than do brushes of various kinds. Education increases our desire for books and current literature. We require them to round out our life activities. It matters not, however, whether we have education or not in order to insist on the use of brushes. As people become more civilized, brushes are looked upon as an increased necessity. The higher the degree of civilization, the greater the variety of brushes required to meet human demands. As we raise the standard of culture in the Philippines, or any other section of the world, we create new demands for all kinds of brushes. Immense Number of Brushes in Use. It is estimated on the best of authority that in the United States alone about one hundred million people are using tooth brushes and hair brushes. Nearly all of that number make use of other kinds of brushes in addition to tooth and hair brushes. Increased Demand and Decreased Material. An unfortunate condition exists which is not generally understood, but has an important bearing on the price of brushes. While the number of people using brushes is constantly increasing, and each person finds new uses for brushes, the supply of material necessary in manufacturing brushes is gradually becoming less. At the present time the world's production of bristles for use in brush-making is barely equal to the present day demand. Only a generation ago bristles were seeking buyers. Now buyers are 'seeking bristles. Of course, this means a gradual increase in the commercial value of bristles. Importance of Buying the Best of Brushes. It is necessary to educate the trade in order to have customers understand the necessity of buying brushes made of the best materials in order to insure satisfaction. Not many people think of this subject. What the average person wants is a brush which will last long and will serve the purpose. To insure such desirable features it is necessary to buy from reliable manufacturers, and sell only such goods as can be conscientiously recommended. Brushes bearing the name of a reliable firm can be handled with assurance. Many Kinds of Bristles. The best paint, kalsomine, whitewash, cloth, hair, nail and household brushes are made of Russian bristles. The best varnish, artists' and some other kinds of bristle brushes are made of French bristles. An enormous quantity of nearly all kinds of brushes are made of Chinese bristles, from which satisfactory results are obtained. The Chinese black bristles do not cost quite as much as European bristles, and get a demand from those who insist on something a little cheaper than the regular line of brushes. All kinds of bristles come to the brush manufacturer in a more or less crude condition. They are only partially prepared for the brush maker. He finds it necessary to wash and clean the bristles before sorting them into colors and sizes. The care with which this work is done makes considerable difference in the durability and practical service of a brush. The putting of the bristles together with ferrules and handles, bringing the combination into a completed brush, is quite a complicated process. The work requires both skill and care. A paint, varnish, kalsomine, artist's or other similar type of brush must be made in such a way that the bristles will not separate or "finger." The bristles must remain together in order to properly spread paint or varnish in a smooth and satisfactory manner. Manufacturers find it absolutely necessary to make many grades of each kind of brush. Not all buyers appreciate that the most intrinsic values are in the higher priced brushes. Of course, the size and shape also is dictated by individual choice. The various materials entering into brush making have different grades and quality.. We sometimes see the statement that a certain brush is made of pure bristles. This does not necessarily insure the brush's having durability and service. There are so many different grades of bristles that a pure bristle brush may be one of the very best on the market or cheap in material and manufacture. We find camel's hair, badger hair, fitch hair, ox hair, sable hair and many other kinds of hair entering into various grades of brushes. Horse hair, mule hair, goat hair, and even Chinese human hair, finds its way into the cheaper qualities of bristle brushes. The purchase of such brushes is not true economy. They disappoint the person using them. It is not true economy to buy cheap brushes. Hair Brushes. A Lady's Hair is her crowning glory, and those who possess beautiful tresses should take particular care and pains to retain ther. Throughout the world a vast sum of money is expended annually in Ladies' Hair Dressing Establishments for the professional care of the hair and scalp. There are innumerable hair restorers and tonics on the market in response to the universal desire to improve conditions. Authorities on the subject of "Care of the Hair and Scalp" say that the best results are obtained by the careful use of an "All Bristle Hair Brush." Whiting-Adams "Invincible" Hair Brushes are espe cially mentioned and recommended, as they are known to contain only genuine, selected best quality bristles. Professional hair dressers emphasize the necessity of using a brush that contains only selected bristles of a stiff and hair penetrating quality, so that the scalp is reached with ease. In spite of their stiffness, selected bristles are |