and all of said licenses for cause. (Ord. app. March 20, 1897, sec. 1.)

§ 93. The provisions and penalties of the ordinances of said City of New York relating to the licensing of hackney coaches or cabs and of drivers thereof, and to rates and prices of fares, so far as the same may be consistent, shall apply to coaches, carriages and cabs to be licensed hereunder, and to the owners and drivers thereof. (Id., sec. 2.) § 94. Every such horseless coach, carriage or cab shall be equipped with a bell to be used to signal its approach to pedestrians and to other vehicles. (Id., sec. 3.)

PART III.

Ordinances Affecting that Part of the City of New York Included Within the Borough of Brooklyn.

CHAPTER 1.

Article I.- The Borough President.

Section 1. The Borough President shall have power to grant permits to builders to occupy not to exceed one-third of the carriageway of any street or avenue with building material, provided in his opinion the public interests and convenience will not suffer thereby. Such permits shall provide expressly that they are given upon condition that the sidewalks and gutters shall at all times be kept clear and unobstructed, and that all dirt and rubbish shall be promptly removed from time to time by the party obtaining such permit, and all such permits may be revoked by him at pleasure. No such permit shall be granted to any builder or builders unless such builder or builders shall at the time said permit is granted have on deposit with the Borough President the sum of fifty dollars ($50) as a guarantee that he or they will promptly comply with the conditions of all permits which may be so granted, including the prompt removal of all dirt and rubbish placed upon the street from time to time, and also for the prompt removal after the expiration or revocation of any such permit, of any building material placed upon any street or avenue thereunder.

The Borough President is hereby authorized and empowered to use so much of the moneys so deposited as may be required to effect the prompt removal of such dirt or rubbish as may be from time to time left upon the streets by the party making said deposit, and also for the purpose of removing any building material which may remain thereon after the expiration or revocation of any permit under which it was so placed.

In case any such deposit shall become impaired or exhausted by its use by said Borough President in the removal of dirt, rubbish or building material, the amount shall be made up immediately to the sum of fifty dollars

($50), on notice from said Borough President, and in default thereof, all permits theretofore issued to the builder or builders failing to comply with such notice shall be revoked, and no permit shall be thereafter granted him or them until such deposit be made good.

Any builder or builders may at any time withdraw his or their said deposit provided said builder or builders hold no unexpired permits and have fully complied with all the conditions of all permits theretofore issued, otherwise said builder or builders shall be only entitled to withdraw and receive as much of said deposit as may remain unexpended after the provisions of this section relative to the use of said money for the removal of dirt, rubbish or building material, as the case may be, have been carried into effect. (Bk. ord. 1886, art. 9, sec. 10, as amend. July 5, 1893, with verbal changes.)

§ 2. Whenever any person or persons, corporation or corporations, association or associations, shall leave any building materials, telegraph poles or other obstructions on any public street or place, or shall make any excavations therein under the authority of any law, ordinance or permit, suitable lights shall be placed thereon in the night time to indicate such obstructions or excavations. Any such person or persons, corporation or corporations, association or associations neglecting to comply with the provisions of this section, shall be liable to pay a penalty of twenty-five dollars ($25) for each and every offense; provided, however, that nothing herein contained shall be construed to authorize the construction or excavation of any street or place except as the same is authorized or provided by law or ordinance. (Bk. ord. adopted Feb. 6, 1893.)

§ 3. Any person or persons owning or occupying premises in front of which the gutter has been bridged to facilitate the passage of vehicles, shall keep the gutter under such bridge free from obstructions, and in default of their so doing in any case, the Borough President is authorized to remove said bridge, clean the gutter thereunder and, in his discretion, to replace said bridge or restore said street to its original condition, all of said work to be done at the cost of the said person or persons owning or occupying the said premises, to be recovered by an action to be brought by the Corporation Counsel for that purpose. (Bk. ord. adopted April 17, 1893.)

Article II.- The Commissioner of Water Supply, Gas and

Electricity.

§ 4. In case any person shall trespass on any part of the embankment of the reservoirs, or go or remain on the same without permission of the proper persons having charge of the same; or in case any person does not comply with the regulation of the Department of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity, as to the time they shall leave the embankment

of said reservoirs, or the grounds or buildings attached to said reservoirs, that then, and in that case, such person shall be subject to a fine of twenty-five dollars, to be levied and collected in the manner aforesaid; and in default of payment, imprisonment as in like manner, not to exceed twentyfive days in the city prison. Bk. ord. 1886, ch. 1, art. 10, § 12, with verbal changes.)

Article III.- Sidewalks and Roadways,

§ 5. In all streets of the Borough of Brooklyn of the width of forty feet and upward which shall hereafter be paved, the sidewalks or footwalks between the lines of the streets and kennels shall be of the following width, that is to say:

"In all streets 40 feet wide, 10 feet." "In all streets 50 feet wide, 13 feet."

"In all streets 60 feet wide, 15 feet." "In all streets 70 feet wide, 18 feet." "In all streets 80 feet wide, 19 feet."

"In all streets 80 feet wide, and not exceeding 100 feet, 20 feet."

"In all streets less than 40 feet in width, such proportion thereof as may be directed by the Board of Aldermen shall be used and flagged for the sidewalks and footpaths."

On all streets of the Borough of Brooklyn of 66 feet which hereafter be paved, the sidewalks or footwalks between the line of the streets and kennels shall be 18 feet in width. (Bk. ord. 1886, ch. 7, sec. 1, as amend. June 18, 1894, with verbal changes.)

§ 6. All sidewalks in the Borough of Brooklyn which shall hereafter be laid shall be raised from the curbstone in the proportion of two (2) inches on ten (10) feet, under, the penalty of ten dollars, to be sued for and recovered from the person laying the same, and the owner or owners of the lot fronting on the sidewalk severally and respectively. (Id., sec. 2, with verbal changes.)

§ 7. All sidewalks in the Borough of Brooklyn, and the flagging or other materials with which the same shall be laid or covered, shall be repaired and kept in repair at the expense of the owner or owners of the premises or lots fronting on or adjoining the sidewalk. (Id., sec. 3, with verbal changes.)

§ 8. When any sidewalk in said city shall be out of repair in any way, or the flags or other material with which it is laid or covered shall be loose, broken, decaped, removed or otherwise out of repair, the Borough President shall report the same to the Board of Aldermen, and if, after the authorization thereto by said board, the owner or owners of record of any lot or premises fronting or adjoining such sidewalk shall refuse or neglect to repair the same in a good, sufficient and proper manner, as required by the

Borough President within ten days after a written or printed notice shall have been served by such officer or other person in his name, or such owner or owners, or either of them personally, or shall have been left at the place or residence of such owner or owners, or either of them in this city, or if such owner or owners or any of them do not reside in this city and such notice shall not be personally served, then within fifteen days after such notice shall have been served by mail, addressed to said owner or owners at his place of residence, or where such residence is unknown to the said Borough President, posted in a conspicuous place on said premises, such owner or owners shall severally forfeit and pay twenty-five dollars for each lot fronting on or adjoining the sidewalk which shall not have been repaired by such owner or owners within the time and in the manner above provided.

And the Borough President may, with the consent of the Board of Aldermen, after a like notice, or without notice if such sidewalk be in a dangerous condition, cause the same to be repaired as aforesaid at the expense of such owner or owners. The penalty aforesaid and the cost and expense of repairing, where done by the said Borough President to be sued for and recovered in the name of The City of New York. The Corporation Counsel shall cause a statement of such cost and expense, together with a description of such premises, to be filed in the office of the County Clerk of the County of Kings. (Id., sec. 4, with verbal changes.)

§ 9. Any owner or owners of property in the Borough of Brooklyn may lay a sidewalk in front of his, her or their premises, of such material and in such a manner as may be prescribed by ordinance, or by the Borough President, but no sidewalk shall be so laid unless under a written permit issued by the Borough President, which permit shall state the kind of material to be used in forming such sidewalk. If bluestone or granite flags are to be used, they shall be of the following dimensions, to wit: Not less than five (5) feet in length nor less than three (3) feet in width, and not less than two and one-half (22) inches in thickness at the thinnest part; provided, however, that where a sidewalk is to be laid the full width thereof, the outer and inner courses of flags may be of a lesser length, but shall conform to the other courses in thickness and width. Each and every course to be of flags of uniform length. The specifications for flagging the sidewalks of various streets in the Borough of Brooklyn to be done under public contracts, shall apply to the work to be done under any permit issued as aforesaid in every respect, as to quality of stone, foundation for flagging, filling of joints, regulating the grade of sidewalks, relaying of sidewalks to full width, cleaning up rubbish, defective work, condemned material, etc., so far as the same can be made properly applicable to such private

work. The penalty for a violation of any of the foregoing provisions shall be ten dollars for each offense.

It shall be the duty of the Borough President to insert in all specifications for flagging sidewalks with bluestone flagging under proceedings for assessing the cost thereof upon the owner of the abutting property, the following provisions:

"All flags to be laid under a contract of which these specifications form a part shall be of the following dimensions, to wit: Not less than five (5) feet in length, nor less than three (3) feet in width, nor less than two and one-half (22) inches in thickness at their thinnest part; provided, however, that when the sidewalk is to be laid the full width thereof, the outer and inner courses of flags may be of a lesser length, but shall conform to the other courses in thickness and width and each and every course shall be of a uniform length. The flags shall be placed upon the carriageway or sidewalk adjoining the premises in front of which such flagging is to be done and shall not be placed in position until the same have been inspected by some authorized inspector from the Borough President, nor until the bed for such flags shall have been approved by such inspector." (Id., sec, 5, as amend. June 8, 1891, with verbal changes.)

§ 10. It shall be the duty of the Borough President to remove any flagging which may be hereafter laid contrary to the provisions of the preceding section, the cost and expense of which, together with the penalty aforesaid, shall be recoverable in any proper form of action of the owner or owners, or occupant of the premises appertaining to the same respectively; such action to be in the name of The City of New York.

The Corporation Counsel shall cause a statement of such cost and expense, together with the description of such premises, to be filed in the office of the County Clerk of the County of Kings. (Id., sec. 6, with verbal changes.)

§ 11. In all cases where the sidewalk or carriageway of a street shall be encumbered or obstructed by the caving in or falling off of any dirt, earth, rubbish or anything whatever, from any lot adjoining such sidewalk or carriageway, it shall be the duty of the owner, owners or occupant of such lot to cause the said dirt, earth, rubbish or other thing to be removed and cleaned from such sidewalk or carriageway within twenty days after a written or printed notice shall have been served by the Borough President or other person in his name, on such owner or owners, or either of them personally, or shall have been left at the place of residence of such owner or owners, or either of them, in this city, or if such owner or owners or any of them do not reside in this city, and such notice shall not be personally served, then within twenty days after such notice shall be sent by mail, addressed to such owner or owners at his place of residence, or when such residence is unknown to