wood, severally and respectively. (Id., ch. 27, sec. 1, with verbal changes.)

§ 44. No goods, wares, merchandise or manufactures of any description shall be placed or exposed to show or for sale upon any balustrade that now is or hereafter may be erected in that section of the city formerly known as Long Island City under the penalty of five dollars for each offense. (Id., ch. 17, sec. 22, with verbal changes.)

§ 45. No person shall hang or place any goods, wares or merchandise or any other thing, at any greater distance than four feet in front of his, her or their house or store or other building under the penalty of five dollars for each offense. (Id., sec. 23.)

§ 46. No person shall place, hang or suspend at any greater distance than four feet in front of and from the wall of any house or store or other building, any sign, show bill or show board, under the penalty of five dollars for each offense. (Id., sec. 24.)

Article VII.- Noises.

§ 47. No person shall beat any drum or other instrument, or blow any horn or other instrument, for the purpose of attracting the attention of passengers in any street in that section of the city formerly known as Long Island City, to any show of beasts or birds, or other things in said city, under the penalty of ten dollars for each offense. (Id., ch. 26, sec. 33, with verbal changes.)

Article VIII.- Sale of Oysters, Etc.

§ 48. No person shall erect any booth or establish or fix any stand in any of the streets or public grounds in that section of the city formerly known as Long Island City, for the purpose of opening and exposing for sale, or selling, any oysters or other shell fish provisions, of any nature or kind, or any goods of any description whatever, under the penalty of five dollars for each offense.

Article IX.- Surface Railroads.

§ 49. For every street or surface car operated within the limits of that ection of the city formerly known as Long Island City, there shall be paid to the Comptroller, for the use of the city, a license fee of fifteen dollars, and the said Comptroller shall, upon the receipt of said sum, issue a license therefor, which license shall be posted in a conspicuous place in each car operated within the limits as aforesaid. (Res. adopted July 6, 1897, sec. 1.)

§ 50. The penalty for each and every violation of any of the provisions of this ordinance shall be twenty-five dollars. It shall be the duty of the police to make daily reports of any violation of the ordinance, and the same shall be transmitted to the Corporation Counsel for the prosecution of the offending parties. (Id., sec. 2.)

§ 51. All street railroads operated within the limits of that section of the city formerly known as Long Island City by electric power, shall have attached at the end of each car, in front of each wheel, a suitable guard to prevent persons from being run over by such car, and all violations of this ordinance shall be subject to a penalty of ten dollars for each offense to be sued for, as other penalties in said ordinance provided.

PART V.

Ordinances Relating to that Section of the City of New York Formerly Known as the Village of Flushing.

CHAPTER 1.- STREETS AND HIGHWAYS.

Article I.- Altering Grade of Streets.

Section 1. No person, without having been first previously authorized by a permit from the President of the Borough, shall fill in or raise, or cause to be filled in or raised, any road, avenue, street, highway or other public place in that section of The City of New York formerly known as the Village of Flushing, or any part of any such road, avenue, street, highway or other public place, or take up, remove or carry away, or cause or procure to be taken up, removed or carried away, any sod, turf, stone, sand, clay or carth from any such road, avenue, street, highway or other public place. Any person or persons violating any of the provisions of this section of this ordinance shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a fine of not less than five dollars and not exceeding ten dollars. (Ord. Village of Flushing, passed Aug. 8, 1883, sec. 6, with verbal changes throughout all following sections in this chapter.)

§ 2. No avenue or street the width whereof is less than sixty feet, shall hereafter be accepted by the Board of Aldermen as a public street or highway; nor shall the same be accepted unless the carriageway and said walks shall have respectively been properly graded and regulated, and shall severally be in good order and condition for convenient use, with sufficient gutters for the drainage of the same and of the waters from adjoining lands. (Id., sec. 8.)

Article II.- Paving Streets.

§3. Each sidewalk of all the avenues and streets laid out and opened in that section of The City of New York formerly known as the Village of Flushing, shall respectively be one-fourth of the width of the avenue or street between the lines thereof. (Id., sec. 9.)

§ 4. All sidewalks in that section of The City of New York formerly known as the Village of Flushing shall be paved to the extent of not less than four feet of the width thereof respectively with stone flagging of square or oblong shape, with straight edges laid close together; and when any

carriageway leading to and from the adjoining premises shall cross any such sidewalk, so much of said sidewalk shall be paved with flat, square or oblong stone with straight edges Ïaid close together, and of sufficient thickness and strength for the purpose of such carriageway or what is commonly known as bridge or crosswalk stone, not less than four inches in thickness, which may be laid in strips not more than six inches apart, and the intervals between the strips paved with round cobble or paving stone, to afford foothold for the horses or other animals crossing such sidewalk. The residue of any such sidewalk may be paved in like manner as aforesaid, or with such other materials as shall be approved by the President of the Borough. (Id., sec. 10.)

§ 5. No drain or drains to lead from any building or buildings across any sidewalks in any street, road or highway in that section of The City of New York formerly known as the Village of Flushing shall be constructed or laid down without permission having first been obtained from the President of the Borough so to do, nor shall any plank or board walk be constructed or laid down in any street, road or highway of that section of The City of New York formerly known as the Village of Flushing without the like permission, under a penalty of twenty dollars for each offense, and a further penalty of ten dollars for every day such drain or drains, or plank or board walk shall remain after the President of the Borough shall have notified the offending party or parties to remove the same. (Id., sec. 11.)

§ 6. Whenever the President of the Borough shall cause any sidewalk to be curbed, guttered, and flagged, all, any or either such flagging shall be in conformity with this ordinance, or of such greater width as those who are to pay the major part of the expense of such flagging may desire; all such curbstone shall not be less than five inches thick and twenty inches deep, seven inches of which width shall be laid above and the residue thereof below the surface of the kennel; the ends shall be squared so as to form close and even joints, and the front so laid as to present a fair surface. (Id., sec. 12.)

§ 7. No sidewalk in that section of The City of New York formerly known as the Village of Flushing laid wholly or in part with flagging shall be taken up, or the flagging removed therefrom, for the purpose of digging out any lot or cellar, or for any other purpose, except previously authorized by the President of the Borough, under the penalty for each offense of ten dollars, to be forfeited and paid by each and every person offending in the premises, and when so taken up, or when any other sidewalk shall be broken, dug up or in any wise injured by, or by the direction of, any person, the same shall be well and sufficiently repaired and reinstated by such person within such time as shall be specified for that purpose in any written or printed notice from the President of the Borough, served upon such person or upon

the occupant of the premises adjoining such sidewalk, under the penalty of ten dollars, and the further penalty of two dollars for each and every day after the expiration of the time so specified in such notice, such person shall omit or neglect so to repair and reinstate the same. (Id., sec. 14.)

§ 8. The owner or occupant, or person having charge, of each house or other building, lot or lots of ground, piece or parcel of land, and of every church, meeting house or place of public religious worship, and every cemetery or burial ground, public or private, and the land thereunto respectively belonging, situated within that section of The City of New York formerly known as the Village of Flushing, adjoining to any public avenue or street, shall at all times keep the sidewalk in front of and adjoining such respective premises, where such sidewalk shall have been made, unobstructed and in good order and condition, for convenient use by foot passengers, under a penalty of three dollars for each and every offense. (Id., sec. 15.)

Article III.- Obstructions in Streets.

§ 9. No person or persons shall erect or maintain any stoop, steps, platform, bay window, cellar door, area, descent into a cellar or basement, post, or erection or projection of any kind, or other obstruction or incumbrance, in, over or upon any street, road, avenue or highway in that section of The City of New York formerly known as the Village of Flushing, under a penalty of twenty dollars for each and every offense, and a further penalty of ten dollars for each and every day that the same shall be maintained after the expiration of ten days' notice, in writing, to be given by the President of the Borough to the person or persons, or either of them, erecting or maintaining the same. (Id., sec. 18.)

§ 10. If the owner or owners, occupant or occupants, of any premises in front of which shall be erected or maintained any such stoop, steps, platform, bay window, cellar door, area, descent into a cellar or basement, or erection or projection of any kind, shall neglect or refuse to remove the same, or such part thereof as shall project or encroach in, over or upon any such street, road, avenue or highway, for more than ten days after notice given by the President of the Borough, as provided in this ordinance, the same or such parts thereof shall be removed by the President of the Borough at the expense of such owner or owners, occupant or occupants. (Id., sec. 19.)

§ 11. It shall not be lawful for any person or persons, or for any corporation, to lay any main in any road, avenue, street or public place in that section of The City of New York, formerly known as the Village of Flushing, or to break up or disturb the ground for such purpose, unless previously authorized by a permit of the President of the Borough, or otherwise than in conformity with the conditions prescribed, and subject to any restrictions expressed

or imposed in any such permit, under the penalty of thirty dollars for each offense, and the further penalty of ten dollars for each and every day any person or persons, or corporation, shall neglect or omit to comply in all respects with the requirements of any order of the President of the Borough, forbidding the prosecution of such work, requiring the removal from such road, avenue, street or public place, of any main or mains, or other incumbrances placed or caused to be placed thereon by any person or persons, or corporation, the filling up of any trench dug for the purpose of laying any main, and the restoring of the ground and pavement, if any, of such road, avenue, street or public place, to the like order and condition the same was in immediately prior to the time the same was disturbed, and in the case of the refusal or neglect of any person or persons, or corporation, fully to comply with all the requirements of any such last mentioned order within the time therein specified after the service of a copy or of a notice thereof upon such person or persons or corporation, the President of the Borough may at any time thereafter, cause all or any part of such work to be done at the expense of said person or persons, or corporation, who shall be liable to The City of New York for all expenses which it may incur in that behalf, together with such aforesaid penalties to be recovered with costs of suit. (Id., sec. 20.)

§ 12. It shall be obligatory upon any person or persons, or corporation, when laying any main or service pipe, or establishing any lamp-post, in any road, avenue, street or public place in that section of The City of New York, formerly known as the Village of Flushing, to perform all such work carefully, workmanlike, and substantially, disturbing the ground, and the pavement, curb, gutter and flagging, if any, no further than may be actually necessary for the careful performance of any such work; to guard as far as practicable against the future settling of the ground, pavement, curb, gutter or flagging above any such main or service pipe, or around such lamp-post or resulting from the digging of the trench thereof by filling in and around and above such main or service pipe, and around such lamp-post, the earth dug from any such trench, compactly and firmly; to repair all damage which may be caused to any such road, avenue, street or public place, or to any pavement, curb, gutter, or flagging, by the laying of such main or service pipe, or the establishing of such lamp-post, and to restore the same respectively to as good order and condition as the same were in immediately prior to their commencing any such work, to cause all such work to be performed with all reasonable despatch and in such manner as not unnecessarily to incommode the neighborhood or the public, and to promptly conform to all such directions as the President of the Borough may from time to time give in that behalf; under the penalty of ten dollars for every omission, neglect,