surveyed lands, indicate the location of the road by reference to section or other established survey corners, and where such line passes over unsurveyed lands the location thereon shall be indicated by courses and distances and by references to natural objects and permanent monuments in such manner that the location of the road may be readily determined by reference to descriptions given in connection with said profile map.

SEC. 10. That any citizen of the United States twenty-one years of age, or any associations of such citizens, or any corporation incorporated under the laws of the United States or of any State or Territory now authorized by law to hold lands in the Territories, hereafter in the possession of and occupying public lands in the district of Alaska in good faith for the purposes of trade, manufacture, or other productive industry, may each purchase one claim only not exceeding eighty acres of such land for any one person, association, or corporation, at two dollars and fifty cents per acre, upon submission of proof that said area embraces improvements of the claimant and is needed in the prosecution of such trade, manufacture, or other productive industry, such tract of land not to include mineral or coal lands, and ingress and egress shall be reserved to the public on the waters of all streams, whether navigable or otherwise: Provided, That no entry shall be allowed under this act on lands abutting on navigable water of more than eighty rods: Provided further, That there shall be reserved by the United States a space of eighty rods in width between tracts sold or entered under the provisions of this act on lands abutting on any navigable stream, inlet, gulf, bay, or seashore, and that the Secretary of the Interior may grant the use of such reserved lands abutting on the water front to any citizen or association of citizens, or to any corporation incorporated under the laws of the United States or under the law of any State or Territory, for landings, wharves, with the provision that the public shall have access to and proper uses of such wharves and landings at reasonable rates of toll, to be prescribed by said Secretary, and a roadway sixty feet in width, parallel to the shore line as near as may be practicable, shall be reserved for the use of the public as a highway: Provided further, That in case more than one person, association, or corparation shall claim the same tract of land, the person, association, or corporation having the prior claim, by reason of actual possession and continued occupation in good faith, shall be entitled to purchase the same, but where several persons are or may be so possessed of parts of the tract applied for, the same shall be awarded to them according to their respective interests: Provided further, That all claims substantially square in form and lawfully initiated prior to January twenty-first, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, by survey or otherwise, under section twelve and thirteen of the act approved March third, eighteen hundred and ninety-one (Twenty-sixth Statutes at Large, chapter five hundred and sixty-one), may be perfected and patented upon compliance with the provisions of said act, but subject to the requirements and provisons of this act, except as to area, but in no case shall such entry extend along the water front for more than one hundred and sixty rods: And provided further, That the Secretary of the Interior shall reserve for the use of the natives of Alaska suitable tracts of land along the water front of any stream, inlet, bay, or seashore for landing places for canoes and other craft used by such natives: Provided, That the Annette, Pribilof Islands, and the islands leased or occupied for the propagation of foxes be excepted from the operation of this act. That all affidavits, testimony, proofs, and other papers provided for by this act and by said act of March third, eighteen hundred and ninety-one, or by any departmental or Executive regulation thereunder, by dispositions or otherwise, under commission from the register and receiver of the land office, which may have been or may hereafter be taken and sworn to anywhere in the United States before any court, judge, or other officer authorized by law to administer an oath, shall be admitted in evidence as if taken before the register and receiver of the proper local land office. And thereafter such proof, together with a certified copy of the field notes and plat of the survey of the claim, shall be filed in the office of the surveyor-general of the district of Alaska, and if such survey and plat shall be approved by him, certified copies thereof, together with the claimant's application to purchase, shall be filed in the United States land office in the land district in which the claim is situated, whereupon, at the expense of the claimant, the register of such land office shalĺ cause notice of such application to be published for at least sixty days in a newspaper of general circulation published nearest the claim within the district of Alaska, and the applicant shall, at the time of filing such field notes, plat, and application to purchase in the land office as aforesaid, cause a copy of such plat, together with the application to purchase, to be posted upon the claim, and such plat and application shall be kept posted in a conspicuous place on such claim continually for at least sixty days, and during such period of posting and publication, or within thirty days thereafter, any person, corporation, or association having or asserting any adverse interest in, or claim to, the tract of land or any part thereof sought to be purchased, may file

in the land office where such application is pending, under oath, an adverse claim setting forth the nature and extent thereof, and such adverse claimant shall, within sixty days after the filing of such adverse claim, begin action to quiet title in a court of competent jurisdiction within the district of Alaska, and thereafter no patent shall issue for such claim until the final adjudication of the rights of the parties, and such patent shall then be issued in conformity with the final decree of the court.

SEC. 11. That the Secretary of the Interior, under such rules and regulations as he may prescribe, may cause to be appraised the timber or any part thereof upon public lands in the district of Alaska, and may from time to time sell so much thereof as he may deem proper for not less than the appraised value thereof, in such quantities to each purchaser as he shall prescribe, to be used in the district of Alaska, but not for export therefrom. And such sales shall at all times be limited to actual necessities for consumption in the district from year to year, and payment for such timber shall be made to the receiver of public moneys of the local land office of the land district in which said timber may be sold, under such rules and regulations as the Secretary of the Interior may prescribe, and the moneys arising therefrom shall be accounted for by the receiver of such land office to the Commissioner of the General Land Office in a separate account, and shall be covered into the Treasury. The Secretary of the Interior may permit, under regulations to be prescribed by him, the use of timber found upon the public lands in said district of Alaska by actual settlers, residents, individual miners, and prospectors for minerals, for firewood, fencing, buildings, mining, prospecting, and for domestic purposes, as may actually be needed by such persons for such purposes.

SEC. 12. That the President is authorized and empowered, in his discretion, by Executive order from time to time to establish or discontinue land districts in the district of Alaska, and to define, modify, or change the boundaries thereof, and designate or change the location of any land office therein; and he is also authorized and empowered to appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, a register for each land district he may establish and a receiver of public moneys therefor; and the register and receiver appointed for such district shall, during their respective terms of office, reside at the place designated for the land office. That the registers and receivers of public moneys in the land districts of Alaska shall each receive an annual salary of one thousand five hundred dollars and the fees provided by law for like officers in the State of Oregon, not to exceed, including such salary and fees, a total annual compensation of three thousand dollars for each of said officers.

SEC. 13. That native-born citizens of the Dominion of Canada shall be accorded in said district of Alaska the same mining rights and privileges accorded to citizens of the United States in British Columbia and the Northwest Territory by laws of the Dominion of Canada or the local laws, rules, and regulations, but no greater rights shall be thus accorded than citizens of the United States or persons who have declared their intention to become such may enjoy in said district of Alaska; and the Secretary of the Interior shall from time to time promulgate and enforce rules and regulations to carry this provision into effect.

SEC. 14. That under rules and regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury, the privilege of entering goods, wares, and merchandise in bond or of placing them in bonded warehouses at any of the ports in the district of Alaska, and of withdrawing the same for exportation to any place in British Columbia or the Northwest Territory without payment of duty is hereby granted to the government of the Dominion of Canada and its citizens or citizens of the United States and to persons who have declared their intention to become such whenever and so long as it shall appear to the satisfaction of the President of the United States, who shall ascertain and declare the fact by proclamation, that corresponding privileges have been and are being granted by the government of the Dominion of Canada in respect of goods, wares, and merchandise passing through the territory of the Dominion of Canada to any point in the district of Alaska from any point in said district.

APPENDIX D.

AN ACT to create the office of surveyor-general of the public lands in Oregon, and to provide for the survey, and to make donations to settlers of the said public lands.

Be it enacted by the Senate and the House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That a surveyor-general shall be appointed for the Territory of Oregon, who shall have the same authority, perform the same duties

respecting the public land and private land claims in the Territory of Oregon as are vested in and required of the surveyor of lands in the United States northwest of the Ohio, except as hereinafter provided.

SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That the said surveyor-general shall establish his office at such place within the said Territory as the President of the United States may from time to time direct; he shall be allowed an annual salary of two thousand five hundred dollars, to be paid quarter yearly, and to commence at such time as he shall enter into bond, with competent security, for the faithful discharge of the duties of his office. There shall be, and hereby is, appropriated the sum of four thousand dollars, or as much thereof as is necessary, for clerk hire in his office; and the further sum of one thousand dollars per annum for office rent, fuel, books, stationery, and other incidental expenses of his office, to be paid out of the appropriation for surveying the public lands.

SEC. 3. And be it further enacted, That if, in the opinion of the Secretary of the Interior, it be preferable, the surveys in said Territory shall be made after what is known as the geodetic method, under such regulations and upon such terms as may be provided by the Secretary of the Interior or other department having charge of surveys of the public lands, and that said geodetic surveys shall be followed by topographical surveys, as Congress may from time to time authorize and direct; but if the present mode of survey be adhered to, then it shall be the duty of the said surveyor to cause a base line and meridian to be surveyed, marked, and established in the usual manner at or near the mouth of the Willamette River. And he shall also cause to be surveyed, in townships and sections, in the usual manner and in accordance with the laws of the United States which may be in force, the district of country lying between the summit of the Cascade Mountains and the Pacific Ocean, and south and north of the Columbia River: Provided, however, That none other than township lines shall be run where the land is deemed unfit for cultivation; that no deputy surveyor shall charge for any line except such as may be actually run and marked, nor for any line not necessary to be run; and that the whole cost of surveying shall not exceed the rate of eight dollars per mile for every mile and part of a mile actually surveyed and marked.

SEC. 4. And be it further enacted, That there shall be, and hereby is, granted to every white settler or occupant of the public lands, American half-breed Indians included, above the age of eighteen years, being a citizen of the United States, or having made a declaration according to law of his intention to become a citizen, or who shall make such a declaration on or before the first day of December, eighteen hundred and fifty-one, now residing in said Territory, or who shall become a resident thereof on or before the first day of December, eighteen hundred and fifty, and who shall have resided upon and cultivated the same for four consecutive years, and shall otherwise conform to the provisions of this act, the quantity of one half section, or three hundred and twenty acres of land, if a single man, and if a married man, or if he shall become married within one year from the first day of December, eighteen hundred and fifty, the quantity of one section, or six hundred and forty acres, one half to himself and the other half to his wife, to be held by her in her own right; and the surveyor-general shall designate the part inuring to the husband and that to the wife, and enter the same on the records of his office; and in all cases where such married persons have complied with the provisions of this act, so as to entitle them to the grant as above provided, whether under the late provisional government of Oregon, or since, and either shall have died before patent issues, the survivor and children or heirs of the deceased shall be entitled to the share or interest of the deceased in equal proportions, except where the deceased shall otherwise dispose of it by testament duly and properly executed according to the laws of Oregon: Provided, That no alien shall be entitled to a patent to land granted by this act until he shall produce to the surveyor-general of Oregon record evidence that his naturalization as a citizen of the United States has been completed; but if any alien, having made his declaration of intention to become a citizen of the United States, after the passage of this act, shall die before his naturalization shall be completed, the possessory right acquired by him under the provisions of this act shall descend to his heirs at law, or pass to his devisees, to whom, as the case may be, the patent shall issue: Provided further, That in all cases provided for in this section the donation shall embrace the land actually occupied and cultivated by the settler thereon: Provided further, That all future contracts by any person or persons entitled to the benefit of this act, for the sale of the land to which he or they may be entitled under this act before he or they have received a patent therefor, shall be void: Provided further, however, That this section shall not be so construed as to allow those claiming rights under the treaty with Great Britain relative to the Oregon Territory to claim both under this act and the treaty, but merely to secure them the election, and confine them to a single grant of land.

SEC. 5. And be it further enacted, That to all white male citizens of the United States, or persons who shall have made a declaration of intention to become such, above the age of twenty-one years, emigrating to and settling in said Territory between the first day of December, eighteen hundred and fifty, and the first day of December, eighteen hundred and fifty-three, and to all white male American citizens, not herein before provided for, becoming one and twenty years of age in said Territory, and settling there between the times last aforesaid, who shall in other respects comply with the foregoing section and the provisions of this law, there shall be, and hereby is, granted the quantity of one quarter section, or one hundred and sixty acres of land, if a single man; or if married, or if he shall become married within one year from the time of arriving in said Territory, or within one year after becoming twenty-one years of age as aforesaid, then the quantity of one half section, or three hundred and twenty acres, one half to the husband and the other half to the wife in her own right, to be designated by the surveyor-general as aforesaid: Provided always, That no person shall ever receive a patent for more than one donation of land in said Territory in his or her own right: Provided, That no mineral lands be located or granted under the provisions of this act.

SEC. 6. And be it further enacted, That within three months after the survey has been made, or where the survey has been made before the settlement commenced, then within three months from the commencement of such settlement each of said settlers shall notify the surveyor-general to be appointed under this act of the precise tract or tracts claimed by them, respectively, under this law, and in all cases it shall be in compact form; and where it is practicable so to do, the land so claimed shall be taken as nearly as practicable by legal subdivisions; but where that can not be done it shall be the duty of the said surveyor-general to survey and mark each claim with the boundaries as claimed, at the request and expense of the claimant, the charge for the same in such cases not to exceed the price paid for surveying the public lands. The surveyor-general shall enter a description of such claims in a book to be kept by him for that purpose, and note, temporarily, on the township plats, the tract or tracts so designated, with the boundaries, and whenever a conflict of boundaries shall arise prior to issuing the patent the same shall be determined by the surveyor-general: Provided, That after the first December next all claims shall be bounded by lines running east and west and north and south: And provided further, That after the survey is made all claims shall be made in conformity to the same, and in compact form.

SEC. 7. And be it further enacted, That within twelve months after the surveys have been made, or where the survey has been made before the settlement, then within twelve months from the time the settlement was commenced each person claiming a donation right under this act shall prove to the satisfaction of the surveyor-general, or of such other officer as may be appointed by law for that purpose, that the settlement and cultivation required by this act had been commenced, specifying the time of the commencement; and at any time after the expiration of four years from the date of such settlement, whether made under the laws of the late provisional government or not, shall prove in like manner, by two disinterested witnesses, the fact of continued residence and cultivation required by the fourth section of this act; and upon such proof being made the surveyor-general, or other officer appointed by law for that purpose, shall issue certificates under such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by the Commissioner of the General Land Office, setting forth the facts in the case, and specifying the land to which the parties are entitled. And the said surveyor-general shall return the proof so taken to the office of the Commissioner of the General Land Office, and if the said Commissioner shall find no valid objection thereto, patents shall issue for the land according to the certificates aforesaid, upon the surrender thereof.

SEC. 8. And be it further enacted, That upon the death of any settler before the expiration of the four years' continued possession required by this act, all the rights of the deceased under this act shall descend to the heirs at law of such settler, including the widow, where one is left, in equal parts; and proof of compliance with the conditions of this act up to the time of the death of such settler shall be sufficient to entitle them to the patent.

SEC. 9. And be it further enacted, That no claim to a donation right under the provisions of this act, upon section sixteen or thirty-six, shall be valid or allowed, if the residence and cultivation upon which the same is founded shall have commenced after the survey of the same; nor shall such claim attach to any tract or parcel of land selected for a military post, or within one mile thereof, or to any other land reserved for governmental purposes, unless the residence and cultivation thereof shall have commenced previous to the selection or reservation of the same for such purposes.

SEC. 10. And be it further enacted, That there be, and hereby is, granted to the

Territory of Oregon the quantity of two townships of land in said Territory, west of the Cascade Mountains, and to be selected in legal subdivisions after the same has been surveyed, by the legislative assembly of said Territory, in such manner as it may deem proper, one to be located north and the other south of the Columbia River, to aid in the establishment of a university in the Territory of Oregon, in such manner as the said legislative assembly may direct, the selection to be approved by the surveyor-general.

SEC. 11. And be it further enacted, That what is known as the "Oregon City claim" excepting the Abernethy Island, which is hereby confirmed to the legal assigns of the Willamette Milling and Trading companies, shall be set apart and be at the disposal of the legislative assembly, the proceeds thereof to be applied by said legislative assembly to the establishment and endowment of a university to be located at such place in the Territory as the legislative assembly may designate: Provided, however, That all lots and parts of lots in said claim, sold or granted by Doctor John McLaughlin, previous to the fourth day of March, eighteen hundred and forty-nine, shall be confirmed to the purchaser or donee, or their assigns, to be certified to the Commissioner of the General Land Office by the surveyor-general, and patents to issue on said certificates as in other cases: Provided further, That nothing in this act contained shall be so construed or executed as in any way to destroy or affect any rights to land in said Territory holden or claimed under the provisions of the treaty or treaties existing between this country and Great Britain.

SEC. 12. And be it further enacted, That all persons claiming land under any of the provisions of this act, by virtue of settlement and cultivation commenced subsequent to the first of December, in the year eighteen hundred and fifty, shall first make affidavit before the surveyor-general, who is hereby authorized to administer all such oaths or affirmations, or before some other competent officer, that the land claimed by them is for their own use and cultivation; that they are not acting directly or indirectly as agent for or in the employment of others in making such claims, and that they have made no sale or transfer or any arrangement or agreement for any sale, transfer, or alienation of the same, or by which the said land shall enure to the benefit of any other person. And all affidavits required by this act shall be entered of record by the surveyor-general in a book to be kept by him for that purpose; and on proof before a court of competent jurisdiction that any of such oaths or affirmations are false or fraudulent, the person making such false or fraudulent oaths or affirmations shall be subject to all the pains and penalties of perjury.

SEC. 13. And be it further enacted, That all questions arising under this act shall be adjudged by the surveyor-general as preliminary to a final decision according to law; and it shall be the duty of the surveyor-general, under the direction of the Commissioner of the General Land Office, to cause proper tract books to be opened for the lands in Oregon, and to do and perform all other acts and things necessary and proper to carry out the provisions of this act.

SEC. 14. And be it further enacted, That no mineral lands, nor lands reserved for salines, shall be liable to any claim under and by virtue of the provisions of this act; and that such portions of the public lands as may be designated under the authority of the President of the United States, for forts, magazines, arsenals, dockyards, and other needful public uses, shall be reserved and excepted from the operation of this act: Provided, That if it shall be deemed necessary, in the judgment of the President, to include in any such reservation the improvements of any settler made previous to the passage of this act, it shall in such cases be the duty of the Secretary of War to cause the value of such improvements to be ascertained, and the amount so ascertained shall be paid to the party entitled thereto out of any money not otherwise appropriated.

Approved September 27, 1850.

AN ACT to amend an act entitled "An act to create the office of surveyor-general of the public lands in Oregon, and to provide for the survey, and to make donations to settlers of the said public lands," approved September twenty-seventh, eighteen hundred and fifty.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That all persons who have located or may hereafter locate lands in the Territory of Oregon, in accordance with the provisions of an act entitled "An act to create the office of surveyor-general of the public lands in Oregon, and to provide for the survey, and to make donations to settlers of the said public lands," approved September twenty-seventh, eighteen hundred and fifty, and of which survey shall have been made or may hereafter be had, in lieu of the term of continued occupation after settlement, as provided by said act, shall be permitted,