A Method of Prayer, with Scripture Expressions proper to be used under each Head. By the late Rev. Matthew Henry. New Edition, Improved. With Introductory Essay. By Andrew Symington, D.D.

Christianity in its Homely Aspects; Discourses on Various Subjects, delivered in the Church of St. Andrew, Wells-street. By Alfred Bowen Evans.

The Advocate; his Training, Practice, Rights, and Duties. By Edward W. Cox, Esq., Barrister-at-Law. Vol. I.

Infanthood and Childhood; a Popular Guide to its Management and Treatment. By Jacob Dixon, Surgeon, &c. &c.

Romanism at Home; being Letters to the Hon. Roger B. Tancy, ChiefJustice of the United States. By Kirwan.

The Life and Epistles of St. Paul; comprising a Complete Biography of the Apostle, and a Translation of his Letters. By Rev. W. J. Conybeare, M.A., and Rev. J. T. Howson, M.A. Part XIX.

What of the Night? A Glance at the Past, the Present, and the Future. A Poem in Four Parts. By Thomas Boden.

The Lands of the Messiah, Mahomet, and the Pope, as Visited in 1251. By John Alton, D.D.

School Economy: a Practical Book on the Best Modes of Establishing and Teaching Schools; and of making them thoroughly Useful to the WorkingClasses, by means of Moral and Industrial Training. By Jelinger Symons, A.B.

A Glossary of Provincial Words used in Berkshire.
Erastus; or, How the Church was made.

Moral Portraits or Tests of Character. By Rev. W. Leask.

A Charge delivered to the Clergy of the Diocese of Melbourne; with Two Sermons on the Church, and on Divisions in the Church and the Duty of Marking and Avoiding those who cause them. Preached at Melbourne by the Right Rev. Charles Berry, D.D., Bishop of Melbourne.

The Claims of Truth and of Unity Considered in a Charge delivered by Richard Whately, D.D. Archbishop of Dublin. 1852.

Japan: an Account, Geographical and Historical, from the Earliest Period at which the Islands composing this Empire were known to Europeans down to the Present Time; and the Expedition fitted out in the United States, &c. By Charles MacFarlane. With numerous Illustrations from Designs by Arthur Allom.

Series of Tracts; or, British Topography, History, Dialects, &c. Nos. VIII, X., XIV.

The Free Church of Ancient Christendom, and its Subjugation under Constantine. By Basil H. Cooper, B.A.

The Autobiography of William Jerdan; with his Literary, Political, and Social Reminiscences and Correspondence during the last fifty years. Vol. II. Canadian Crusoes: a Tale of the Rice Lake Plains. By Catharine Parr Traill. Edited by Agnes Strickland. Illustrated by Harvey.

A Discourse on the Greatness of the Christian Ministry; delivered before the Students and Supporters of Horton College, Bradford. J. P. Mursell. Ostentation: or, Critical Remarks on Quakerism; or, the Story of My Life,' by Mrs. Green. By Samuel Elly. No. I.

THE

Eclectic Review.

OCTOBER, 1852.

ART. I.-Correspondence relative to the Recent Discovery of Gold in Australia. Presented to both Houses of Parliament, by Command of Her Majesty, February 3rd, 1852.

2. Further Papers relative to the Recent Discovery of Gold in Australia. June 14th, 1852.

3. Papers relating to Emigration to the Australian Colonies. April 30th, 1852.

4. Readings in Popular Literature. Ten Years in Australia. By the Rev. D. Mackenzie, M.A. With an Introductory Chapter containing the Latest Information regarding the Colony. London: Orr and Co. 5. The Popular Library. Gold Colonies of Australia. By G. B. Earp, Esq. London: George Routledge and Co.

6. The Gold Fields of Australia. By S. Mossman, Esq. London: Orr and Co.

7. The Three Colonies of Australia-New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia-their Pastures, Copper Mines, and Gold Fields. By Samuel Sidney. London; Ingram, Cooke, and Co., Strand.

Books, pamphlets, speeches, maps, lectures, sermons, and leading articles in newspapers, concerning Australia, have multiplied in an almost geometrical progression in the last few months. The fountains of the great deep are broken up, and pour their torrents into the swollen streams of British literature, threatening an inundation. Australia is the rage. Even parliament has been moved to consider a colonial question, for the

lethargic pool has been stirred with the magic wand of gold. The Blue Books named at the head of this article are proofs of the general excitement. Interesting in themselves, they are historical records of the discovery and progress of a mine of wealth; and it is not a little amusing to mark the perturbation which has affected every rank on account of the sudden inburst of a new and attractive product. The four governors of our southern territories are in the direst perplexity; whether we listen to Sir Charles Fitzroy, Sir William Denison, Sir H. E. F. Young, or Lieutenant-Governor Latrobe, there is the same cry for help. They one and all call for labour, police and military force; for geologists, surveyors, and masters of new mints. To a great extent they must be listened to and answered, and it is not a small pleasure to discern that for once the colonial office is aroused from its slumbers, and expresses itself ready to grant assistance.

Thus much will suffice for the Blue Books; their captivating contents will soon be transferred to the popular page, and we therefore turn to the works already written for the information of the multitude. The books selected bear the general characteristics of nearly every work on Australia which has appeared for the last twenty years; they are jubilant and jocund. This is not to be wondered at, for during that period new states have been bursting into life, and the joys of peaceful conquest have been the privilege of the settler. We veil all deeds of bloodthe shame and guilt of a few-to boast of the laurels which have been won by the many. Within these twenty years, the map of New Holland has been gradually filled up; the bays and headlands of the sea-board have been successively settled; river after river has received enterprising cultivators on its banks; steam navigation has united the bristling points of 2000 miles of coast, whilst an average of 200 miles along that coast has been subdued to pasturage or the plough. And what are the results? The marts of trade have been supplied with wool, tallow, horns, hides, ornamental and hard woods, trenails, and copper; so that England, the emporium of trade, is both clothed, adorned, and fortified with the produce of this antipodean and once despised territory. The ebb of transportation has sunk beneath the rising tide of emigration; cities-no mean cities have been founded; blooming provinces have been occupied by freemen, and civil and religious liberty have secured another home. An exultant style is natural to an Australian writer, a just tribute to flattering and propitious circumstances. How warm his reminiscences; how bright his hopes! He may also write gaily, catching the spirit of the laughing hours. If a clear sky and a flood of light give brilliancy to a pigment, much

more shall they convey lively impressions to the brain. An hilarious atmosphere quickens the nerves, fetches home the distant landscape swiftly and distinctly, and lodges both its soft and rugged pictures pleasantly in the sensorium. Hence springs a theory for the future of Australia, as to rhetoric, and poetry, and song.

For minstrels thou shalt have of native fire,
And maids to sing the songs themselves inspire!
Our very speech, methinks, in after time,
Shall catch th' Ionian blandness of thy clime;
And whilst the light and luxury of thy skies,

Give brighter smiles to beauteous woman's eyes,

The arts, whose soul is love, shall all spontaneous rise.'

Having such a pleasing forecast, we will not quarrel with a vaunting style: let the Australian writers be jubilant if they invite us to good; let them merrily recount their tales so long as they confine themselves to truth; and with these provisos, we beg to be enrolled among their number.

The books before us render a minute description of the Australias unnecessary; the relationship of Britain to the dependencies is more important. Starting with the assumption that their interests are mutual and one, we shall endeavour to sketch a wise optimism in respect to both at the present hour. To understand the question of ethnical influence, let the student spread before him a map of the world, and fix his eye on New Holland. There, in its length and breadth, is a fifth continent, little inferior to Europe in size, unscorched by torrid heats, and uncongealed by the rigours of the frigid zones, and accessible at all points from the highway of nations. On the west lie the Cape, Natal, and the coast of Africa up to the Red Sea, the short path to Europe; on the north, the Gulf of Persia, Bombay, Cape Cormorin, Calcutta, Malacca, Burmah, and China; on the east, the avenue to the Arctic Pole, and California, and the length of the American continent. The whole range is studded with islands: Mauritius, Madagascar, Borneo, Celebes, Sumatra, Java, Papua, Japan, Hawaii, New Caledonia, Tongataboo, New Zealand, and Van Diemen's Land. Islands are found on the immediate coast surpassing the insular portions of Europe; and innumerable islets are thrown with prodigal hand upon the ocean, as gems and spangles upon an azure robe. How numerous the tribes of the one great family thus placed in juxtaposition with the new and rapidly extending settlements of the British race; how powerful the bearing of the one upon the other at no distant day— an influence already felt, as Tahiti, California, and the Mauritius well know,

Whether for joy or sorrow, Sydney has already touched the destinies of many lands. The whole Australia must affect them more.

We hastily turn, therefore, from this vast amphitheatre of nations to fix attention upon Australia itself. To prevent discursiveness, we circumscribe our notice to the three colonies of Australia selected by Mr. Sidney in accordance with their paramount value, South Australia, Victoria, and New South Wales; the capitals of which are, respectively, Adelaide, Melbourne, and Sydney. But this limit is a vast territory:-the map of Britain may be laid within the boundaries of Victoria alone and be engulphed, while the colonies which flank it are of superior dimensions. The first reflection which arises is, that in this new land there is an actual vacancy for all the surplus population of the old. The king himself is served by the field; and here is a field both wide and fruitful enough to serve both prince and people. Each province is sufficient for the purpose. Place them together and they are vessels of magnitude, and still amplifying to receive any amount of living treasure we can pour into them. A surplus population exists in Britain, and is an evil; colonization is a remedy, and its application must be prompt; wisdom, indeed, must be united to decision; act, but act well. When this surplus gathers on our coasts, eager for departure, can aught be better advised than emigration to Australia? Without disparagement to other channels of emigration, this is the best. Six great requisites for successful colonization are ready,-space, productiveness, health, employment, government, and religion. The area already occupied is more than a square mile per head, while two millions of square miles remain unexplored. Allowing for scanty soil, here is room and verge enough for the most ambitious. In point of productiveness, there is a fertility which speedily repays the cultivator. The sheep and cattle in existence will yield more than a pound of meat per day for a million and a half of people for years to come; and according to the demand will be the increase of stock. Should the settler prefer this source of profit to agriculture, then India, Chili, China, Tasmania, and New Zealand, may be his granaries. The healthfulness of the climate has been tested for more than half a century; and from Wide Bay to Wilson's Promontory, and the breezy ridges of Geelong, all the stages of heat and moisture are found favourable to life and enjoyment. Are the fervors of the plain too great, then there is the bracing air of mountains and table lands; are the chills of the heights too piercing, then there are sunny vales. With the exception of a wild native pock, no epidemic or endemic diseases are known. Dysentery and diarrhea may be