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W. amblyodon Brid. Bryol. Univ. 1. 805. Nees and
Hornsch. Bryol. Germ. t. 25.

W. gymnostomoides and microstoma Nees and Hornsch.
Bryol. Germ. t. 25. and 37.

var. ε. gymnostomoides; teeth of the peristome almost wanting, pale.

W. gymnostomoides Brid. Bryol. Univ. 1. 342. W. Rudolphiana Nees and Hornsch. 1. c. t. 25.

Hab. Banks &c. frequent. Var. y. on shady rocks in Nant Bwlch yr Haiarn, near Llanrwst. Spring.

This is easily distinguished from W. cirrata and W. crispula by the involute margins of the leaves, which closely resemble those of Gymnostomum microstomum. The peristome (nearly wanting in the var. e.) constitutes almost the only character by which it can be kept separate from that moss and its allies, especially Hymenostomum crispatum Nees and Hornsch. and Bruch and Schimp. W. Wimmeriana of Br. and Sch., not yet observed in Britain, has androgynous flowers, a narrower capsule, longer operculum, broader annulus, and pale rudimentary peristome.

We retain the name given by Hedwig, because (as Dickson justly observes) Bridel and other authors have erroneously referred the Linnæan synonym Bryum viridulum to this species, in consequence of a previous misquotation by Linnæus of the Dillenian synonym. We are assured by Sir J. E. Smith (in Eng. Bot.) that "the present plant was, in fact, unknown to Linnæus, though common throughout Europe."

2. Weissia mucronata Bruch and Sch. (point-leaved Weissia); leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, almost plane-margined, mucronate, the nerve slightly excurrent; capsule oblong, obscurely striated; teeth of the peristome short, truncate, perforated and fugacious. (TAB. XXXVIII.)

W. mucronata Br. and Sch. Bryol. Europ. Monogr. p. 7. t. 4. W. apiculata Nees and Hornsch. Bryol. Germ. t. 26. Hymenostomum rutilans Ibid. t. 12. Gymnostomum rutilans Hedw. Sp. M. t. 3.

Hab. In fallow ground, especially in a clayey soil, not frequent. March, April.

Very similar to W. controversa, but the leaves almost plane, and the nerve more prominent and mucro-like at the apex; capsule longer and more evidently striated; peristome fugacious (v. fig. a.b.), and the spores twice or thrice as large.

SECT. II. Stem taller; leaves entire, much crisped when dry; perichætium evident; teeth of the peristome longer and more regularly formed; flowers monoicous, gemmiform. CRISPULÆ, Weisia Br. and Sch. Blindia C. Muller.

3. Weissia cirrhata Hedw. (bent-leaved Weissia); stems loosely tufted; leaves linear-lanceolate, spreading, subflexuose,

carinato-concave, reflexed in the margin, perichætial leaves shorter and somewhat sheathing; capsule oval-oblong, subcylindrical, with an annulus; lid with a long beak. (TAB. XV.) W. cirrhata Hedw. Sp. M. t. 12. Hook and Tayl. (and of most authors). Bruch and Schimp. Bryol. Eur. Monogr. p. 9. t. 6.

Blindia cirrhata C. Müller, Syn. Musc. ii. 585.

Grimmia Dicksoni Smith, Fl. Brit. p. 1189. Eng. Bot. t. 1420.

Bryum cirratum Hudson? With.? Hull? Lightf.?

Mnium cirratum Linn. Dill. Musc. t. 48. f. 42. (and f. 43. F.)

Hab. On posts and rails, also on rocks in mountainous districts.

This is known by the reflexed entire margins of the leaves. The teeth of the peristome are inserted considerably below the mouth of the capsule and externally trabeculated. The capsule is pale brown, purplish, and contracted at the mouth, smooth, of thin texture, varying in form; when growing on posts it is shortly oval, when on rocks it is longer and almost cylindrical. The reason assigned by Smith for retaining Willdenow's name, Dicksoni, is unsatisfactory, and not very intelligible. Dickson's specimen, figured in English Botany, t. 2356, as Weissia cirrata, is certainly Cynodontium Bruntoni, a species which even Mr. Brunton himself has confounded with W. cirrata, in Herb. Turner, but which may be known by its shorter wide-mouthed capsule, and by its subdenticulate leaves of closer texture.

4. Weissia crispula Hedw. (curly-leaved Weissia); stems tufted, branched; leaves spreading, variously curved, often falcato-secund, crisped when dry, lanceolate-subulate from a wider concave base, channelled above, margin plane; capsule oval or oblong-ovate; annulus none; lid rostrate. (TAB. XV.) W. crispula. Hedw. Sp. Musc. t. 12. Hook. and Tayl &c. Bruch and Schimp. Bryol. Eur. Monogr. p. 9. t. 7. Blindia crispula C. Müller, Syn. Musc. ii. 584. W. falcata Nees and Hornsch. Byrol. Germ. t. 31. f. 16. Grimmia crispula Turner, Musc. Hib. p. 28. Smith, Fl. Brit. 1192. Eng. Bot. t. 2203.

Dicranum interruptum Bridel, Br. Univ. 1. 438.? Dill.
Musc. t. 47. f. 38.

Hab. On rocks in mountainous districts.

Fr. June, July.

The evident perichætium, and the plane (not reflexed) margins of the leaves, distinguish this moss from Weissia cirrata, with which it agrees in the mode of insertion of the peristome. In the falcate leaves and general aspect it may easily be mistaken for a Dicranum; and if the Dillenian synonym has been correctly applied by Bridel, it follows that Dicranum interruptum Bridel, belongs to this moss, and not to Dicranum fulvum Hook. Musc. Exot., a species which has never been found in Britain. The var. B. atrata Br. & Sch. with shorter blackish leaves, is an alpine form found on dripping rocks.

SECT. III. Stem elongated; leaves rigid, not crisped when dry, very narrow, strongly nerved, denticulate near the base; teeth of the peristome inclined towards the right hand, plane, not transversely barred, confluent at the base, somewhat incurved when dry, fragile, deciduous; inflorescence dioicous, terminal. EUCLADIUM Br. and Schimp.

5. Weissia verticillata Brid. (whorled Weissia); stems elongated; branches fastigiate; leaves crowded, suberect, linearlanceolate, toothed near the base, margin plane; nerve strong, slightly excurrent; teeth of the peristome oblique ; lid rostrate. (TAB. XV.)

Weissia verticillata Bridel, Sp. M. p. 121. Schwaegr.
Suppl. I. 1. 71. t. 20. Nees and Hornsch. Bryol. Germ.
t. 32. Hook and Tayl. C. Müller, Syn. Musc.
Grimmia verticillata Turner, Musc. Hib. Smith, Fl.
Brit. Eng. Bot. t. 1258.

Coscinodon verticillatus Bridel, Bryol. Univ. 1. 374.
Eucladium verticillatum Br. and Schimp. Bryol. Eur.
Monogr. p. 3. t. 1.

Bryum verticillatum Lin. Sp. Pl. 1585. Dill. Musc. t. 47.
f. 35.

Hab. On dripping rocks, chiefly on such as are calcareous.
Fr. June, July.

Stems densely cæspitose, usually incrusted with a calcareous deposit. Leaves of a glaucous hue, very narrow, nearly erect, not much altered when dry, distinctly toothed near the slightly sheathing and dilated base; nerve strong and distinct. Perichætial leaves larger and more dilated at the base. Capsule erect, oval, glossy, reddish. Annulus simple, obscure, fragmentary. Teeth of the peristome entire or perforated, slightly oblique, inserted below the mouth of the capsule. Calyptra cucullate, yellowish. Spores small.

This species is easily recognised by its narrow, rigid, strongly nerved leaves. It bears some resemblance to Gymnostomum curvirostrum and G. rupestre, to which belongs the Dicksonian Bryum fasciculatum, erroneously cited by Smith and Bridel as a synonym of Weissia verticillata.

The generic name Eucladium being pre-occupied, we have the less hesitation in restoring this to its former place among the Weissia. The characters of Eucladium as a genus are given in the description of this section of the genus Weissia.

The inclined teeth (to the right, not left, as stated in Bryol. Europ.) are analogous to those of Trichostomum rigidulum.

To disentangle the stems without fracture, they should be immersed for a time in diluted nitric acid, which dissolves the earthy matter. By this mode the brittle species of Chara may also be preserved.

7. RHABDOWEISSIA Br. and Schimp. Streak-Moss. WEISSIA Hook and Tayl. (partly).

Capsule erect, on a rather short slender straight fruitstalk, small, shortly oval, with 8 longitudinal striæ, furrowed when

E

dry. Peristome simple; teeth 16, lanceolate or subulate, numerously articulated, barred internally, without a medial line, hygroscopic, red. Annulus persistent, very narrow. Lid with a slender inclined beak. Calyptra cucullate. Spores rather small. Vaginula oblong.

Perennial, dwarfish, growing on rocks and on the ground, in alpine or subalpine situations. Stems dichotomous, fastigiate, erect, rooting at the base, and in the axilla of the leaves. Leaves crowded, spreading every way, curved, crisped when dry, linear-lanceolate, carinate, nerved (nerve round), denticulate near the apex, more or less papillose; areolæ pellucid and oblong-hexagonal at the base, smaller upwards, subquadrate, and filled with chlorophyll. Inflorescence monoicous; flowers terminal, gemmiform; archegonia very small, without paraphyses. Rhabdoweissia (striated Weissia, from patios, striæ, and Weissia) in habit and size resembles Weissia controversa, and in the peristome is like W. crispula. In the form and texture of the leaves and in the striated capsule, the genus is allied to Dicranum polycarpum, of which it may be considered a miniature resemblance.

SECT. I. Teeth of the peristome fugacious, subulate.

1. Rhabdoweissia fugax Br and Sch. (dwarf Streak-Moss); stems tufted; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, nearly entire, with plane margins; capsule roundish-oval, lid with a long beak. (TAB. XV.)

Bryol. Europ. Monogr. p. 4. t. 1.

Weissia fugax Hedw. Sp. Musc. t. 13.

Schwaegr. Bri

del. Nees and Hornsch. C. Müller, Syn. Musc.

W. striata Kaulf in Sturm. Fl. Germ. t. 24.

W. striata a. minor Hook and Tayl

W. pumila and W. leptodon Brid. Bryol. Univ. i. p. 338.

and 341.

Grimmia striata Web. and Mohr. Smith, Eng. Bot. t.

1988.

Hab. In crevices of rocks, and on moist banks, in subalpine districts. June, July.

Distinguished from the next species by the narrower almost entire leaves, and by the fugacious peristome. It forms larger tufts than its allies. Stems from to inch long. Leaves crowded, resupinate, and recurved, crisped when dry, keeled. Capsule obscurely striated. Teeth of the peristome subulate, very narrow, almost capilliform, dilated at the base, sometimes perforated. Lid obliquely rostrate, longer than the capsule.

Rh. Schisti (Weissia Schisti Schwaegr.) differs from this species in its leaves, which are papillose or granular on both sides, and crenulate in the margin; in the capsule, which is longer and apophysate; in the lid, which is shorter; and in the broad teeth of the persistent peristome. This rare species is not known to have been found in Britain, unless

Grimmia Schisti of Eng. Bot. t. 1952. be regarded as evidence of the fact; and that figure represents the leaves too narrow.

SECT. II. Teeth of the peristome lanceolate, more firm and persistent.

2. Rhabdoweissia denticulata Br. and Sch. (toothed StreakMoss); stems loosely caespitose, leaves linear-lanceolate, or lingulate, coarsely serrated at the apex, slightly crisped when dry; capsule with a more evident apophysis. (TAB. XV.) Bryol. Europ. Monogr. p. 5. t. 2. Weissia denticulata Bridel.

Schwaegr. Suppl. t. 19.
Nees and Hornsch. Bryol. Germ. t. 31. C. Müller,
Syn. Musc.

Weissia striata 6. major Hooker and Taylor.
Bryum glaucescens Dickson. (Herb. Turner.)
B. crispatum Dicks. Crypt. fasc. 3. p. 3. t. 7. f. 4.
Hab. In crevices of alpine and subalpine rocks.

Stems longer and more robust than in R. fugar; the leaves longer, wider, with larger cellules, less crisped when dry, and somewhat glossy. Capsule less rigid, when dry more distinctly furrowed. Peristome larger, the teeth lanceolate, more solid and persistent, by which character it is easily distinguished from the other species. Of Dickson's Bryum crispatum we have seen no authentic specimen, and the figure is not very expressive.

SUBORD. III. CAMPYLOSTELEÆ.

The characters of this suborder are not well ascertained. So far as they are understood, they may be found in the description of the genus Campylostelium; but Brachyodus, the other genus referred to this group by Bruch and Schimper, presents a considerable deviation in the straight fruitstalk, and indeed it may be questioned whether Brachyodus has not a closer affinity with the Seligeriea.

8. CAMPYLOSTELIUM Br. and Sch.

GRIMMIA Hook. and Tayl.

Capsule drooping, on a geniculate pedicel, oblong, its walls thin and membranaceous, without striæ. Lid long, subulate. Calyptra conico-subulate, 5-cleft at the base, covering the lid. Annulus double. Peristome single; teeth 16, lanceolate, long, trabeculate, reddish, entire at the base, and connected by a membrane rising above the orifice of the capsule, cloven in the upper part, the segments unequal and incurved when dry. Vaginula cylindrical. Spores small.

Stem very innovations.

short, simple, or with forked or three-branched Leaves elongated, linear-lanceolate, narrow, crowded, nerved, entire; areola dot-like, much larger and co

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