Angstroemia rufescens C. Müller, Syn. Musc. i. 436. Bryum rufescens Dicks. Dill. Musc. t. 50. f. 59. Hab. On moist banks, chiefly in a sandy soil, not rare. Fr. Oct. Nov. Similar in habit to the last, but known at sight by the pale reddish hue of the whole plant. Stems bright red. Leaves almost pellucid, loosely cellular, not at all reflexed in the margin, which is somewhat dentate. Capsule erect, smooth, ovate, truncate, reddish, with a short neck. Lid large, with a short beak. Fruitstalk twisted to the left. Teeth of the peristome more closely barred than in the preceding species. If due attention be paid to the above characters, this species cannot be confounded with D. varium, and it is a more elegant moss. SECT. VI. HETEROMALLA. Angstræmia C. Müller. 10. Dicranum cerviculatum Hedw. (spur-necked Fork-Moss); dioicous; stems cæspitose, sparingly branched; leaves lanceolato-subulate, spreading and flexuose from a broad semi-amplexicaul base, subsecund, entire, glossy, the nerve predominant; capsule cernuous, ovate, gibbous, distinctly strumose at the base; lid obliquely rostrate. (TAB. XVI.) D. cerviculatum Hedw. St. Cr. t. 37. Turner. Swartz. Oncophorus cerviculatus and flavidus Bridel. Angstromia cerviculata C. Müller, Syn. Musc. i. 430. var. B. pusillum; stem shorter, simple; leaves suberect, smaller; capsule smaller and less gibbous. D. pusillum Hedw. St. Cr. t. 29. Smith, Eng. Bot. t. 2491. Schwaegr. Bridel. D. uncinatum Smith, Eng. Bot. t. 2261. (as to Swartz's specimens, not Dickson's). D. sudeticum Schwaegr. Suppl. t. 45. (if not D. subulatum ?). Bryum uncinatum, cerviculatum, and parvulum Dicks. Hab. On banks, &c., in a turfy or sandy soil, frequent. Fr. June, July. Growing in dense extensive patches of a yellowish-green colour. Stems not inch high. Leaves rather lax, widely spreading, subsecund, flexuose, slightly crisped when dry, almost setaceous above, dilated below, glossy, entire, the nerve predominant above. Fruitstalk about inch long, slender, yellowish. Capsule roundish-ovate, gibbous, sharply strumose, obscurely furrowed when dry and empty. Lid with a long subulate beak. An imperfect annulus is present. This species differs from the allied species of this section in its smaller size, spreading and somewhat straggling flexuose leaves, and roundish capsule which is distinctly and sharply strumose at the base. The pale yellowish hue of the plants is also remarkable. It is one of the commonest species in black turfy soil. 11. Dicranum subulatum Hedw. (awl-leaved Fork-Moss); dioicous; stems loosely tufted; leaves secund, more or less falcate, subulato-setaceous from an elliptical or lanceolate base, entire, the nerve predominant; capsule cernuous, ovate, gibbous, striated when dry; lid with a long beak. (TAB. XVIII.) D. subulatum Hedw. Sp. M. t. 34. Turner? Smith ? Schwaegr. Bridel. Hook. and Tayl. Br. and Sch. Monogr. p. 24. t. 13. Angstroemia subulata C. Müller, Syn. Musc. i. 433. Bryum inclinatum Dicks. Cr. 3. 9. (in Herb. Turner). Hab. Moist shady banks, in a micaceous or sandy soil. Not unfrequent in the Highland mountains. Near Manchester and Stayley Bridge. shire. Welsh mountains. Growing in silky green patches, from -1 inch in height. Leaves secund, or falcato-secund, oblong-lanceolate at the base, thence gradually attenuated and almost setaceous, entire, glossy, the nerve predominant in the upper part of the leaf. Fruitstalk red, varying in length. Capsule obliquely cernuous, not strumose, striated when dry and empty, reddish brown. Annulus composed of a double row of cellules. This species is very easily distinguished from D. heteromallum by the red fruitstalk, and smaller regularly striated capsule, as also by the more slender habit. D. curvatum Hedw., a species not known as British, has the capsule more erect, and nearly symmetrical, almost cylindrical; but it is difficult to decide whether it has any better claim to stand as a species than D. flavescens. D. subulatum of Eng. Bot. t. 1273. is D. varium. 12. Dicranum heteromallum Hedw. (silky-leaved ForkMoss); dioicous; stems caespitose, simple, or branched; leaves crowded, secund, lanceolato-setaceous, slightly dentate at the apex, silky, nerve predominant; perichætial leaves somewhat sheathing; capsule cernuous, or suberect, obovate, gibbous, obliquely plicate when dry; lid with a long beak. (TAB. X VIII.) D. heteromallum Hedw. St. Cr. t. 26. Turner. Smith, Eng. Bot. t. 1272. Schwaegr. Web. and Mohr. Bridel. Hook. and Tayl. Br. and Sch. Monogr. p. 25. t. 15. Angstroemia heteromalla C. Müller, Syn. Musc. i. 432. var. ß. strictum; leaves erecto-patent, straight, not secund; pedicel longer, flexuose. var. y. interruptum; larger; stem branched, interruptedly leafy; leaves spreading or secund. D. interruptum Hedw. Sp. M. t. 19. Eng. Bot. t. 2508. D. caducum Bridel. Dill. Musc. t. 47. f. 37. (viz. f. 38.) Hab. On moist banks, extremely common. Fr. Nov. Dec. Growing in extensive silky patches. Leaves secund, more or less falcate or straight. Fruitstalk 1 inch long, slender, pale yellowish. Capsule cernuous, very often bent backwards by a peculiar curvature of the top of the pedicel, obovate, gibbous, incurved, never distinctly strumose, reddish brown, glossy, when dry and empty obsoletely and obliquely furrowed, by which character and by the pale fruitstalk it may always be recognised. An American form of this species from the United States, with a more erect cylindrical capsule, may be D. orthocarpum, Hedw. Sp. M. t. 30. SECT. VII. FALCATA. 13. Dicranum Blytti Br. and Sch. (Blytt's Fork-Moss); monoicous; stems cæspitose, branched, fastigiate; branches fragile; leaves flexuoso-patent or subsecund from an erect base, lanceolato-subulate, soft, entire, the nerve predominant, perichatial leaves sheathing; capsule subcernuous, more or less incurved, ovate, without striæ, strumose especially when dry ; lid rostrate; teeth of the peristome narrow, inflexed when dry. (TAB. XXXIX.) Br. and Sch. Bryol. Europ. Monogr. p. 26. t. 16. Hab. On alpine and subalpine rocks. Teesdale, Mr. Spruce. Growing in soft dull green tufts. Stems dichotomously branched, fastigiate. Leaves slightly dilated and sheathing below, spreading and usually curved or flexuose, shorter than in D. Starkii, of a dull deep green colour, lower ones blackish, the terminal ones fasciculate, soft, when dry somewhat crisped, areola at the marginal base considerably enlarged. Annulus simple. Barren flowers terminal on slender branches, or remote from the perichætium. This species is distinguished from D. Starkii and D. falcatum, by the softer texture of the leaves, which are crisped and flexuose when dry, and by the shorter capsule, which is of softer texture, destitute of striæ, and perfectly smooth when dry; also by the distant insertion of the barren flowers. The dull deep green colour of the foliage gives the plant quite a peculiar aspect, so that it is readily known at sight. 14. Dicranum Starkii Web. and Mohr (Starke's ForkMoss); stem branched, elongated; leaves falcato-secund, subulato-setaceous from a lanceolate base, not crisped when dry, entire, nerve predominant; capsule subcernuous, oblong, arcuate, gibbous, strumose at the base, striated; annulus double; perigonium at the base of the perichætium. (TAB. XVII.) D. Starkii Web. and Mohr. Eng. Bot. t. 2227. Schwaegr. Oncophorus Starkii Bridel. Bryum longifolium Dicks. Crypt. fasc. 3. p. 7. Herb. var. B. molle; stems taller, erect; leaves wider, lanceolate, with a distinct pagina on each side of the continuous nerve; perichætia aggregate. D. molle Wils. MSS. Hab. Alpine rocks. var. B. summit of Ben Nevis, abundant, but rare in fruit. Fr. August. Growing in extensive fragile tufts, of an intense or yellowish-green colour. Stems 1-3 inches long and more. This is most easily known from D. falcatum by its oblong, subcylindrical capsule and entire leaves. The var. 6. has the appearance of a distinct species, and is remarkable for its very tall, soft, flexible stems, and purplish-brown glossy leaves, which are twice as wide as those of the typical form, the nerve not predominant, but with a distinct pagina on each side to the apex. Perichætia 2 or 3 together; but in the essential characters, especially in the form of the fruit, there is much agreement with the ordinary form, and there are intermediate states which completely connect the two extremes. 15. Dicranum falcatum Hedw. (sickle-leaved Fork-Moss); stems cæspitose, branched and fastigiate; leaves strongly falcato-secund, subulato-setaceous from a lanceolate base, denticulate, the nerve predominant; capsule cernuous, shortly obovate, strumose at the base; lid rostrate. (TAB. XVII.) D. falcatum Hedw. t. 32. Smith, Eng. Bot. t. 1989. Web. and Mohr. Schwaegr. Hook. and Tayl. Br. and Sch. Monogr. p. 27. t. 18. Oncophorus falcatus Bridel. Bryum uncinatum Dickson, Crypt. iv. p. 11. t. 11. f, 8. Hab. On alpine rocks. Fr. August, Sept. Growing in dark green tufts. Stems dichotomously branched, fastigiate, denuded below. Leaves more strongly falcate than in the preceding species, denticulate near the apex, not crisped when dry. Capsule on a shorter and stouter pedicel, shortly obovate or oval, almost smooth when dry, without coloured striæ, its walls thicker, and with a distinct struma at the base. Lid and peristome larger in proportion to the capsule, the peristome of a more intense red. Annulus narrow and persistent. SECT. VIII. ORTHOCARPA. 16. Dicranum Scottianum Turn. (Dr. Scott's Fork-Moss); stems densely tufted, elongated, branched; leaves crowded, spreading, subsecund, incurved, and slightly twisted at the apex when dry, lanceolato-subulate, concave, entire, nerve strong and subexcurrent; capsule elongated, slightly curved, tapering at the base; peristome short, teeth obscurely cloven. (TAB. XVIII.) D. Scottianum Turn. Musc. Hib. t. 6. f. 1. Smith, Eng. Dicranum flagellare Turner. Smith, Eng. Bot. t. 1977. (left-hand figure, only). Hooker in Eng. Fl. vol. 5. (not Hedw.) D. Hostianum Schwaegr. Suppl. t. 46. Hab. On rocks in mountainous districts. Bridel. Stems 2 or 3 inches long and more, robust. Leaves erecto-patent, more or less secund, glossy and firm, incurved, but very little altered when dry, occasionally twisted near the apex, margin entire, nerve strong and prominent at the back. Capsule oblong-ovate or almost cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, smooth, yellowish-brown, with a long tapering base or neck, when dry cylindrical and obscurely plicate. Lid obliquely rostrate, shorter than the capsule. Annulus simple. Teeth of the peristome small, linear-lanceolate, entire, or slightly bi-trifid, fragile. Barren-flowered plants in separate tufts, more slender and more branched than the fertile stems. This species differs from the true D. flagellare, Hedw., in the stouter leaves, not crisped when dry, with a stronger nerve; in the pale brown capsule, almost always curved; and in the small peristome. It differs from D. fuscescens, Turn., in the form and direction of the capsule, and in the more rigid and glossy leaves. A variety of this species, as we presume it to be, has been repeatedly gathered in the Canary Isles, with the leaves considerably more twisted or crisped when dry, and serrulate near the apex. This may possibly be Dicranum Muhlenbeckii of Bruch & Schimper, or is at least very closely allied. It is probably the same as that mentioned by Schwaegrichen, whose remarks are a subject of criticism in the Bryologia Europea. The reputed variety of D. flagellare, growing on Cromford Moor, near Matlock, with very fine red fibres on the stem, mentioned in Eng. Bot., is a tall barren state of Campylopus flexuosus. 16*. Dicranum longifolium, Hedw. Crypt. St. t. 9. This species is included in Muscol. Brit. ed. 2. (TAB. XVI.); but the reputed specimens from Glenmalùr, Ireland, and from Ben Voirlich, Scotland, prove to be different from authentic examples of this moss, which must therefore be excluded from the list of British species. The specimens alluded to are both in a barren state, and may be thus characterised: D. circinnatum Wils. MSS.; stems elongated, flexuose, branched, radiculose; leaves circinnato-secund, subulato-setaceous, from a suddenly dilated and loosely reticulated base, serrulate at the apex, nerve thick and predominant. Hab. Ben Voirlich by Loch Lomond: barren. Dr. Greville. The dilated base of the leaf composed of large cellules, the almost entire margin, and narrower nerve, distinguish this moss from D. longifolium. It is nearly allied to Dicranodontium longirostre, but has the leaves more falcate, of firmer texture, and not deciduous. D. heteromallum var. commutatum Wils. MSS.; stems elongated, slender, flexuose, branched; leaves circinnato-secund, |