very long and setaceous from an ovate base, entire, nerve predominant. Hab. Glenmalùr, Ireland, Dr. Taylor. Leaves silky, not crisped when dry. Nerve about as broad as in D. longifolium. Dicranum longifolium has denticulate subulato-setaceous leaves, gradually tapering from the base, the nerve very broad and predominant. Mr. Winch's specimen, so called, from Waskerley Park, Durham, belongs to D. fuscescens. SECT. IX. SCOPARIA. 17. Dicranum fuscescens Turner (dusky Fork-Moss); stems elongated, loosely tufted, branched; leaves spreading, subsecund, subflexuose, crisped when dry, lanceolato-subulate, canaliculate, denticulate at the apex, nerve excurrent; capsule oblong, incurved, cernuous, furrowed when dry; lid with a long beak. (TAB. XVIII.) D. fuscescens Turn. Musc. Hib. (1804) p. 60. t. 5. f. 1. D. congestum Bridel, Sp. Musc. (1806) i. p. 176. D. scoparium B. fuscescens Hook. and Tayl. (TAB. var. B. longirostrum; leaves narrower, distinctly serrated; capsule shorter, ovate, with ferruginous striæ; lid often longer than the capsule. D. longirostre Schwaegr. Suppl. t. 44. var. y. flexicaule; stem very long, flexuose, ascending, more slender and less densely clothed with radical fibres; leaves secund or falcate, more glossy, scarcely crisped when dry; capsule shortly ovate, much curved. D. flexicaule Bridel, Bryol. Univ. var. d. robustum; like D. scoparium, loosely tufted; leaves longer, lower ones blackish, upper ones dull green; capsule incurved. Hab. On rocks in alpine and subalpine districts, sometimes at the roots of trees. vars. ß. y. d. not found in Britain. Fr. August. Stems 2 or 3 inches high, dull yellowish green, or sometimes of a deeper rusty green. Leaves rather crowded, especially at the summit of the stem, secund, or spreading every way, flexuous, and sometimes twisted, especially when dry; lower leaves brownish, subulate from a lanceolate base, canaliculate, minutely toothed towards the apex, the nerve rather strong and excurrent. Fruitstalks an inch long, yellowish. Capsule cernuous, ovate or oblong (always shorter, and considerably more incurved, than that of D. scoparium), pale-yellowish or reddish brown, striated, especially when dry, its walls rather thick, scarcely strumose at the base. Lid with a very long beak. Annulus fragmentary, composed of a double layer of cellules. Inflorescence dioicous. This is distinguished from D. scoparium by the short, decidedly cernuous, striated, pale capsule, and by the leaves, which have a considerably thicker and broader nerve, and are crisped when dry. In the shape of the leaves, and in the nerve, it approaches to D. Scottianum, but is easily recognised by the fruit. 18. Dicranum scoparium Hedw. (broom Fork-Moss); dioicous; stems elongated, loosely tufted, robust, dichotomously branched, densely covered with radicular fibres; leaves secund or falcato-secund, lanceolato-subulate, carinato-concave, with inflexed margins, serrated at the apex, nerve with several prominent ridges at the back, and toothed towards the summit; perichætial leaves larger, convolute; capsule cylindrical, slightly curved, coriaceous; annulus none; lid with a long beak. (TAB. XVIII.) D. scoparium Hedw. Sp. M. t. 126. Smith, Eng. Bot. t. 354. Turner. Schwaegr. Suppl. t. 42. Web. and Mohr. Bridel. Hook. and Tayl. (TAB. XVIII. lefthand figure.) Br. and Sch. Monogr. p. 34. t. 26, 27. Bryum scoparium Linn. Sp. Plant. (ex parte! sec. Herb. Lin.) Dicranum Dillenii Taylor MSS. Dill. Musc. t. 46. f. 16. A. B. C. E. H. var. B. orthophyllum; more closely tufted; stem erect; leaves erecto-patent or subsecund, straight. var. y. curvatum; branches curved, ascending; leaves more falcate; capsule shorter. Hab. Shady banks and rocks, very common. Fr. July, August. Tufts yellowish-green, from 2-4 inches in height or more. Stems rather rigid, covered everywhere with pale or rusty radicular fibres. Leaves glossy, lanceolate at the base, thence linear-subulate, when dry slightly and obscurely striated, not crisped, the nerve narrow, marked externally with about 4 prominent ridges, the ridges serrated towards the apex of the leaf, which is also more or less serrated in the margin. Fruitstalk reddish, about 1 inch long. Capsules rarely 2 together from the same perichætium, suberect, cylindrical, slightly incurved, chestnut coloured, the walls thick and coriaceous, scarcely, if at all, furrowed when dry. Teeth of the peristome deep red, incurved, bi-trifid, with prominent bars internally. Spores small, reddishbrown. Annulus none. Barren-flowered plants generally in separate tufts. American specimens in Drummond, Musc. Am. No. 80., have shorter more crowded stems, and shorter more distinctly serrated leaves, with barren gemmiform flowers nestling among the radicles of the fertile stem, as well as separate barren stems. This form might be taken for a distinct species, but an intermediate form is found at Ross, in Herefordshire, by Mr. Purchas; several other varieties are mentioned by Bridel in the Bryologia Universa, i. p. 412. 19. Dicranum palustre Bridel (marsh Fork-Moss); stems elongated, cæspitose, erect, branched, subfastigiate; leaves spreading, the terminal ones crowded into a cuspidate cluster on the barren shoots, and subsecund, glossy, linear-lanceolate, undulated; nerve very thin and narrow, ceasing below the serrated apex; capsule suberect, oblong, subcylindrical, slightly curved, striated; annulus none. (TAB. XVIII.) D. palustre Bridel, Bryol. Univ. i. 814. Br. and Sch. D. undulatum Turn. Smith, Eng. Bot. t. 2260. (except D. Bonjeani De Notaris. C. Müller, Syn. Musc. var. B. juniperifolium, with shorter, wider, and more rigid leaves. D. juniperifolium Sendtner. var. y. polycladum; innovations much branched; branches slender, flagelliform, with small imbricated leaves. Hab. In marshy places, and on shady moist banks. Fr. Sept. Growing in tall extensive patches. Stems 4 inches long and more, especially when barren, clothed with pale or rusty radicular fibres. Leaves more or less spreading (except at the summit of the barren shoot, where they form a cuspidate erect cluster), shining and undulated, especially when dry, linear-lanceolate from a lanceolate base; the nerve thinner than in D. scoparium, without ridges at the back, and ceasing below the apex, which is more strongly serrated; reticulation larger and more distinct than in that species. Fruitstalk paler, barren flowers (not seen by Br. & Sch.) gemmiform, nestling in the axils of the leaves of the fertile stem, and apparently a growth from the radicular fibres. It is highly probable that this species has been generally confounded with Dicranum polysetum Swartz & Schwaegr. They have certainly been considered as one species, by British writers on Bryology, ever since Sir J. E. Smith unconsciously united them in Eng. Bot.; nor is it quite evident, from the remarks of Weber and Mohr, Bot. Tasch. p. 176., that Swartz himself was aware of the difference. Authentic specimens, to which we have not access at present, must determine whether D. undulatum of Ehrhart and of Schrader, and Bryum rugosum of Hoffmann, are the same as D. palustre. It is difficult to believe that a moss of such frequent occurrence should have been entirely overlooked, and the supposition is far more admissible that it has been mistaken for a form of D. polysetum (D. undulatum, Br. & Sch., not Turn.). It is observable that Schrader thought Bryum rugosum, Hoffm., to be only a variety of Dicranum scoparium. D. palustre does indeed resemble D. scoparium in many points, especially in the form of the capsule, but is distinguishable at all times by the brilliant, undulated, more strongly serrated leaves, which have a thinner nerve. It essentially differs from D. polysetum in the solitary fruitstalks, and in the more erect cylindrical capsule, as well as in the structure of the leaves. SECT. X. SPURIA. 20. Dicranum Schraderi Schwaegr. (Schrader's ForkMoss); stems elongated, densely tufted; leaves crowded, more or less spreading, subsecund, lanceolate-oblong, rather obtuse, carinato-concave, subrugose, toothed in the margin and on the keel, subpapillose on the back near the apex; capsule cernuous, oval-oblong, incurved; lid rostrate. (TAB. XXXIX.) D. Schraderi Schwaegr. Suppl. t. 61. Web. and Mohr. D. undulatum Bridel. Hab. In turfy bogs; rare in Britain. Risley Moss, near Warrington, sparingly; barren. Wybunbury Bog, Cheshire, in fruit, W. Wilson. Fr. Sept. The Risley specimens have the leaves more widely spreading and crisped than in any others that we have seen, and constitute a well marked variety. Stem 3-6 inches long. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, rather obtuse, undulated, when dry flexuous and curved at the top, somewhat keeled, distantly toothed, the nerve rather strong, ceasing below the apex, which is papillose at the back. The capsule in this species is not unlike that of D. fuscescens Turn.; and there is an American form, in Drummond's Musci Americani, with narrow attenuated leaves, which seems to be quite intermediate in character between the two species, though in habit more resembling D. Schraderi, to which species we suppose it to belong. 21. Dicranum spurium Hedw. (wide-leaved Fork-Moss); stems loosely cæspitose, covered with radicular fibres; leaves ovatelanceolate, acuminate, undulated, serrated, papillose on the back; nerve ceasing below the apex; capsule cernuous, arcuate, subcylindrical, slightly strumose, striated. (TAB. XVII.) D. spurium Hedw. St. Cr. t. 30. Smith, Eng. Bot. t. 2167. (omitting the fruit?). Schwaegr. Web. and Mohr. Hook. and Tayl. Br. and Sch. Monogr. p. 41. t. 33. Bryum spurium Dickson. Hab. On moors, and in bogs. Barmby Moor, near Pocklington, Yorkshire, Mr. Teesdale. Found there recently, and also in Stockton Forest, and on Langwith Moor, by Mr. Spruce. Kinnordy, Scotland, Mr. Lyell. Fr. June. This fine species, more frequently growing on sandy heaths, and in gravelly places in woods, than in turfy bogs, according to Bruch & Schimper, is not often found in fruit. Mr. Spruce has been so fortunate as to find fertile plants on Barmby Moor, with stems nearly 3 inches long. It forms extensive tufts, more or less coherent. Stems robust, rigid, dichotomously branched, clothed with rusty radicular fibres, which are mostly concealed by the large imbricated leaves. Leaves more or less spreading, occasionally subsecund, more erect and loosely imbricated when dry, in which state the points are slightly crisped and flexuous: they are widely lanceolate below, taper ing upwards to a narrow point, concave and inflexed in the margin, undulated, minutely toothed in the upper half, nerve subexcurrent. Fruitstalk 1 inch long, pale yellowish, sometimes 2 together in the same perichætium. Capsule oblong, cernuous, arcuate, furrowed when dry, pale yellowish-brown. Lid with a long beak. Barren flowers, gemmiform, nestling in the axillæ of the leaves of the fertile stem, among the radicular fibres.. This moss has a very peculiar aspect, and is distinguished from the preceding species by the broad tapering leaves. The stems have also an annotinous or interrupted growth, and the barren shoots are cuspidate at the apex from the clustered erect leaves. It is one of the finest of the genus. The capsule represented in Eng. Bot. may belong to Ceratodon purpureus, which is sometimes mixed with this moss. SECT. XI. PROCERA, 22. Dicranum majus Turner (tall Fork-Moss); stems elongated, loosely cæspitose; leaves falcato-secund, lanceolato-subulate, concave, dentato-serrate at the apex; capsule horizontally cernuous, curved; lid with a long beak; fruitstalks pale, aggregate. (TAB. XVIII.) D. majus Turner, Musc. Hib. (1804) p. 59. t. 4. Smith, D. scoparium var. a. majus Hook, and Tayl. Dill. Musc. Bryum scoparium Linn. Sp. Pl. (ex parte, confer. Herb. Hab. Shady banks and rocks in woods, &c. Fr. July, August. Stems 4-6 inches long, covered with radicular fibres. Leaves falcato-secund, both in a wet and in a dry state, lanceolato-subulate, concave, dark or brighter green, somewhat glossy, never subexcurrent, stronger, and with more numerous ridges than in D. scoparium, Calyptra and lid unusually long. Annulus none. Capsule cernuous, incurved, furrowed when dry, olive-brown, blackish when old and empty, as Dillenius correctly remarks. Teeth of the peristome broader and shorter than in D. scoparium, of a duller red or ferruginous colour, the internal trabeculæ less prominent. Barren flowers gemmiform, nestling in the cauline radicles as in the preceding species. The pale aggregate fruitstalks, olivaceous cernuous capsules, and long falcate leaves, essentially distinguish this species from D. scoparium. The two species have been seen growing in company preserving their proper characters; indeed, no one who compares them attentively will hesitate to pronounce them distinct. Dillenius long ago pointed out the difference between them. 17. LEUCOBRYUM Hampe. Calyptra pale, membranaceous, subscariose, cucullate; when young slightly inflated below, as in Syrrhopodon. Capsule G |