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1820. Its portions material to our purpose, in United States all his rights, claims, and prewhich Spain cedes Florida and her claims on tensions, to any territories east and north of the said line; and for himself, his heirs and Oregon to the U. States, are as follows: successors, renounces all claim to the said territories forever.

ART. 4. To fix this line with more preci-)

ART. 2. His Catholic majesty cedes to the United States, in full property and sovereignty, all the territories which belong to him, sit-cision, and to place the landmarks which shall designate exactly the limits of both nauated to the eastward of the Mississippi, known by the name of East and West Flori tions, each of the contracting parties shall da. The adjacent islands dependent on said appoint a commissioner and a surveyor, who shall meet before the termination of one year Sprovinces, all public lots and squares, vacant from the date of the ratification of this Treaty, lands, public edifices, fortifications, barracks at Natchitoches, on the Red river, and proand other buildings which are not private ceed to run and mark the said line, from the property, archives and documents, which re-mouth of the Sabine to the Red river, and late directly to the property and sovereignty and from the Red river to the river Arkansas,) of said provinces, are included in this article. and to ascertain the latitude of the source of) The said archives and documents shall be left the said river Arkansas, in conformity to Sin possession of the commissaries or officers of what is above agreed upon and stipulated, and the United States duly authorized to receive the line of latitude 42, to the South Sea: they them. ART. 3. The boundary line between the shall make out plans and keep journals of two countries, west of the Mississippi, shall their proceedings, and the result agreed upon begin on the Gulf of Mexico, at the mouth of by them shall be considered as part of this the river Sabine, in the sea, continuing north, Treaty, and shall have the same force as if it along the western bank of that river, to the were inserted therein. The two Governments 32d degree of latitude; thence, by a line due will amicably agree respecting the necessary articles to be furnished to those persons, and north, to the degree of latitude where it strikes also as to their respective escorts, should such the Rio Roxo of Natchitoches, or Red River; be deemed necessary.

then following the course of the Rio Roxo ART. 5. The inhabitants of the ceded terwestward, to the degree of longitude 100 ritories shall be secured in the free exercise west from London, and 23 from Washington; of their religion without any restriction; and then, crossing the said Red River, and run-all those who may desire to remove to the ning thence by a line due north, to the river Arkansas; thence, following the course of the Spanish dominions shall be permitted to sell southern bank of the Arkansas, to its source, without being subject, in either case, to or export their effects, at any time whatever, in latitude 42 north; and thence, by that par- duties. allel of latitude, to the South Sea. The whole ART. 6. The inhabitants of the territories being as laid down in Melish's map of the United States, published at Philadelphia, im- United States, by this Treaty, shall be incorwhich His Catholic Majesty cedes to the proved to the first of January, 1818. But, if

the source of the Arkansas river shall be found porated in the Union of the United States, as Sto fall north or south of latitude 42, then the soon as may be consistent with the principles Sline shall run from the said source due south of the Federal Constitution, and admitted to the enjoyment of all the privileges, rights and Sor north, as the case may be, till it meets the said parallel of latitude 42, and thence, along immunities of the citizens of the United States. the said parallel to the South Sea: All the Treaty of Boundary with Mexicoislands in the Sabine, and the said Red and Arkansas rivers, throughout the course thus described, to belong to the United States; but

1828.

Mexico having thrown off the yoke of Spain the use of the waters, and the navigation of and established her independence, it was rethe Sabine to the sea, and of the said rivers

Roxo and Arkansas, throughout the extent of cognized by the United States and relations Sthe said boundary, on their respective banks, of amity established between the two counshall be common to the respective inhabitants tries. A 'Treaty of Limits' was subsequently Sof both nations.

The two high contracting parties agree to negotiated between them at Mexico, Jan. cede and renounce all their rights, claims and 12th 1828, by Joel R. Poinsett on the part of pretensions to the territories described by the the U. States and Sebastian Camacho and said line, that is to say: the United States José Ygnacio Esteva on behalf of Spain. This hereby cede to his Catholic majesty, and re

nounce forever, all their rights, claims, and Treaty stipulates: pretensions, to the territories lying west and

The limits of the United States of America south of the above-described line; and, in like with the bordering Territories of Mexico havmanrer, His Catholic Majesty cedes to the said ing been fixed and designated by a solemn

treaty, concluded and signed at Washington, thus described, to belong to the United States; on the twenty-second day of February, in but the use of the waters, and the navigation the year of our Lord one thousand eight hun- of the Sabine to the sea, and of the said rivers dred and nineteen, between the respective Roxo and Arkansas, throughout the extent of Plenipotentiaries of the Government of the the said boundary on their respective banks, (United States of America, on the one part, shall be common to the respective inhabitants and of that of Spain on the other: And, of both nations.

(whereas, the said Treaty having been sanc- The two high-contracting parties agree to Stioned at a period when Mexico constituted a cede and renounce all their rights, claims, and part of the Spanish Monarchy, it is deemed pretensions to the territories described by the necessary now to confirm the validity of the said line, that is to say: the United States aforesaid Treaty of limits, regarding it as still hereby cede to His Catholic Majesty, and rein force and binding between the United nounce forever, all their rights, claims, and States of America and the United Mexican pretensions to the territories lying west and States: south of the above described line; and, in like With this intention, the President of the manner, His Catholic Majesty cedes to the said United States of America has appointed Joel United States all his rights, claims, and pretenRoberts Poinsett their Plenipotentiary; and sions to any territories east and north of the the President of the United Mexican States said line; and for himself, his heirs, and suctheir Excellencies Sebastian Camacho and cessors, renounces all claim to the said terriJosé Ygnacio Esteva: tories forever.

And the said Plenipotentiaries having exchanged their full powers, have agreed upon and concluded, the following articles:

Boundary Treaty with Russia1824.

Great Britain and the U. States, having con

ART. 1. The dividing limits of the respective bordering territories of the United States of America and of the United Mexican States, flicting claims to territory West of the Rocky (being the same as were agreed and fixed Mountains, were each desirous to enlist on its upon by the above-mentioned Treaty of side, or a least to secure against siding with Washington, concluded and signed on the twenty-second day of February, in the year its rival, the Russian Empire, which also has Sone thousand eight hundred and nineteen, the large and formerly undefined claims to territwo high contracting parties will proceed tory on the North-West Coast of America.forthwith to carry into full effect the third and Each nation, therefore, negotiated a Treaty fourth articles of said Treaty, which are herein recited, as follows: with Russia, whereby the claims of the latter ART. 2. The boundary line between the to sovereignty over the coast were admitted two countries, west of the Mississippi, shall to extend from the Polar Ices as far South as (begin on the Gulf of Mexico, at the mouth of

the river Sabine, in the sea, continuing north N. lat. 54° 40'. The Treaty of the United Salong the western bank of that river, to the States was negotiated by Henry Middleton 32d degree of latitude; thence, by a line due for this Country with Count Nesselrode and due north, to the degree of latitude where it

strikes the Rio Roxo of Natchitoches, or Red M. de Poletica on the part of Russia. After River; then following the course of the Rio stipulating the freedom of trade, of navigation Roxo westward, to the degree of longitude and of fishing on the North-West Coast to the 100 west from London, and 23 from WashZington; then, crossing the said Red River, people of both Nations, but that, to prevent and running thence by a line due north to the smuggling, the subjects of neither Governriver Arkansas; thence, following the course ment shall resort to the posts of the other naof the southern bank of the Arkansas, to its tion without permission from the local authorsource, in latitude 42 north; and thence, by

that parallel of latitude, to the South Sea: the ities, the Treaty proceeds:

whole being as laid down in Melish's map of ART. 3. It is moreover agreed that, herethe United States, published at Philadelphia, after, there shall not be formed by the citiimproved to the first of January, 1818. But, zens of the United States, or under the auif the source of the Arkansas river shall be thority of the said States, any establishfound to fall north or south of latitude 42, then ment upon the north-west coast of Amerithe line shall run from the said source due ca, nor in any of the islands adjacent, to the south or north, as the case may be, till it meets north of fifty-four degrees and forty minutes the said parallel of latitude 42; and thence, of north latitude; and that, in the same manSalong the said parallel, to the South Sea. All ner, there shall be none formed by Russian the islands in the Sabine, and the said Red subjects, or under the authority of Russia, Sand Arkansas rivers, throughout the course south of the same parallel.

sects the southwest branch of the St. John:)

North-Eastern Boundary or Ashbur- River St. Lawrence, from those which fall into the River St. John, to a point seven miles) ton Treaty-1842. in a straight line from the said summit or Repeated efforts to settle the North-East- crest; thence in a straight line in a course about ern Boundary of the U. States by negotiation, south eight degrees west to the point where) arbitration or joint commissioners having fail- the parallel of latitude of 46° 25′ north intered, the British Government in 1841 despatch- thence southerly by the said branch, to the ed Lord Ashburton to Washington on a spe- source thereof in the highlands at the Metjarcial mission to make a final attempt to adjust mette portage; thence down along the said highlands which divide the waters which this Boundary amicably. He was met in a empty themselves into the River St. Law. kindred spirit by Daniel Webster, U. S. Se-rence from those which fall into the Atlantic cretary of State, and in due time a Treaty of Ocean, to the head of Hall's Stream; thence absolute and amicable settlement of this long thus run intersects the old line of boundary down the middle of said stream till the line) disputed question, and of other outstanding surveyed and marked by Valentine and Col differences was signed and ratified. The fol- lins previously to the year 1774, as the 45th degree of north latitude, and which has been (lowing are its essential provisions: known and understood to he the line of actual Whereas, certain portions of the line of division between the States of New-York and boundary between the United States of Amer- Vermont on one side, and the British Proica and the British dominions in North Amer- vince of Canada on the other; and from said ica, described in the second Article of the point of intersection, west along the said diTreaty of Peace of 1783, have not yet been viding line as heretofore known and underascertained and determined, notwithstanding stood, to the Iroquois, or St. Lawrence river. the repeated attempts which have been here- ART. 2. It is moreover agreed, that from) tofore made for that purpose: and whereas it the place where the Joint Commissioners is now thought to be for the interest of both terminated their labors, under the sixth arparties that, avoiding farther discussion of ticle of the Treaty of Ghent, to wit: At a point their respective rights, arising in this respect in the Neebrik channel, near Muddy Lake, under the said Treaty, they should agree on a the line shall run into and along the ship conventional line in said portions of the said channel, between St. Joseph and St. Tamboundary, such as may be convenient to both many Islands, to the division of the channel parties, with such equivalents and compensa- at or near the head of St. Joseph's Island tions as are deemed just and reasonable. thence turning eastwardly and northwardly. ART. 1. It is hereby agreed and declared around the lower end of St. George's or Suthat the line of boundary shall be as follows: gar Island, aud following the middle of the Beginning at the Monument at the source of channel which divides St. George's from St. the River St. Croix, as designated and agreed Joseph's Island; thence up the East Neebrik to by the Commissioners under the fifth Ar- channel, nearest to St. George's Island, ticle in the Treaty of 1794, between the Go- through the middle of Lake George; thence vernments of the United States and Great west of Jona's Island, into St. Mary's river, to Britain; thence north, following the explor- a point in the middle of that river, about one ing line run and marked by the Surveyors of mile above St. George's or Sugar Island, so the two Governments in the years 1817 and as to appropriate and assign the said Island 1818, under the fifth Article of the Treaty of to the U. States; thence adopting the line Ghent, to its intersection with the River St. traced on the maps by the Commissioners. John, and to the middle of the channel there- through the River St. Mary and Lake Supe-) of: thence up the middle of the main channel rior, to a point north of Isle Royal in said) of said River St. John, to the mouth of the lake, one hundred yards to the north and east River St. Francis; thence up the middle of of Isle Chapeau which last mentioned island the channel of the said River St. Francis, and lies near the northeastern point of Isle Royal, of the lakes through which it flows, to the out-where the line marked by the Commissionlet of the Lake Pohenagamook; thence south-ers terminates; and from the last-mentioned westerly, in a straight line to a point on the point southwesterly, through the middle of northwest branch of the River St. John, the sound between Isle Royal and the northwhich point shall be ten miles distant from eastern main-land, to the mouth of Pigeonthe main branch of the St. John, in a straigh river, and at the said river to and through the line, and in the nearest direction; but if North and South Fowl lakes, to the lakes on the said point shall be found to be less than the hight of land between Lake Superior and seven miles from the nearest point, or sum- the Lake of the Woods; thence along the mit, or crest of the highlands that divide water communication to the Saisaquinago, those rivers which empty themselves into the and through that lake; thence to and through

Cypress Lake, Lac de Bois Blanc, Lac la the River St. John, or by its tributaries, of Croix, Little Vermillion Lake, and Lake which fact reasonable evidence shall, if reNamecan, and through the several smaller quired, be produced, shall have free access lakes, straits, or streams, connecting the lakes into and through the said river and its tribuhere mentioned, to that point in Lac la Pluie taries, having their source within the State of Sor Rainy Lake, at the Chaudiere Falls, from Maine, to and from the seaport at the mouth which the Commissioners traced the line to of the said River St. John, and to and round the most northwestern point of the Lake of the Falls of said river, either by boats, rafts, the Woods; thence along the said line to the or other conveyance: that when within the said most northwestern point, being in lati Province of New-Brunswick, the said protude 49° 23′ 55′′ North, and in longitude 95 duce shall be dealt with as if it were the pro14′ 38′′ West from the Observatory at Green- duce of said Province: that, in like manner, wich; thence, according to existing Treaties, the inhabitants of the Territory of the Upper) due South to its intersection with the 49th St. John determined by this Treaty to belong Sparallel of north latitude, and along that par to Her Britannic Majesty, shall have free acSallel to the Rocky Mountains. It being un-cess to and through the river for their proderstood that all the water communications, duce, in those parts where the said river runs and all the usual portages along the line from wholly through the State of Maine; provided Lake Superior to the Lake of the Woods; and always that this agreement shall give no right also Grand Portage, from the shore of Lake to either party to interfere with any regulaSuperior to the Pigeon river, as now actually tions not inconsistent with the terms of this used, shall be free and open to the use of the Treaty, which the Governments, respectively, citizens and subjects of both countries. of Maine or of New-Brunswick may make re

ART. 3. In order to promote the interests specting the navigation of the said river, and encourage the industry of all the inhabi- when both banks thereof shall belong to the tants of the Countries watered by the River same party.

St. John and its tributaries, whether living ART. 7. It is farther agreed that the chanwithin the State of Maine or in the Province nels in the River St. Lawrence, on both sides of New-Brunswick, it is agreed that where, of the Long Sault Island, and of Barnhart Sby the provisions of the present Treaty, the Island; the channels in the River Detroit, on River St. John is declared to be the line of both sides of the island of Bois Blanc, and beboundary, the navigation of said river shall tween that island and both the American and be free and open to both parties, and shall in Canadian shores; and all the several channo way be obstructed by either; that all the nels and passages between the various islands produce of the forest, in logs, lumber, timber, lying near the junction of the River St. Clair, boards, staves, or shingles, or of agriculture, with the lake of that name, shall be equally not being manufactured, grown on any of free and open to the ships, vessels and boats those parts of the State of Maine, watered by of both parties.

Joint Resolution for annexing Texas to the United States.

Resolved, by the Senate and House of Representa | Second. Said State, when admitted into the Untives of the United States of America in Congress ion, after ceding to the United States all public assembled, That Congress doth consent that the edifices, fortifications, barracks, ports and harbors, territory properly included within, and rightfully navy and navy yards, docks, magazines, arms, belonging to, the Republic of Texas, may be erect-armaments, and all other property and means ed into a new State, to be called the State of Texas, pertaining to the public defence, belonging to the with a republican form of Government, to be said Republic of Texas, shall retain all the public Sadopted by the people of said Republic, by depu- funds, debts, taxes, and dues of every kind which Sties in convention assembled, with the consent of may belong to or be due or owing said Repubthe existing Government, in order that the same lic; and shall also retain all the vacant and unapmay be admitted as one of the States of this Union. propriated lands lying within its limits, to be apSEC. 2. And be it further resolved, That the fore-plied to the payment of the debts and liabilities of going consent of Congress is given upon the fol- said Republic of Texas; and the residue of said lowing conditions, and with the following guaran- lands, after discharging said debts and liabilities, ties, to wit: to be disposed of as said State may direct; but in

First. Said State to be formed, subject to the no event are said debts and liabilities to become a adjustment by this Government of all questions of charge upon the Government of the United States. boundary that may arise with other Governments; Third. New States, of convenient size, not exand the Constitution thereof, with the proper evi- ceeding four in number, in addition to the said dence of its adoption by the people of said Repub- State of Texas, and having sufficient population, lic of Texas, shall be transmitted to the President may hereafter, by the consent of said State, be of the United States, to be laid before Congress for formed out of the territory thereof, which shall be its final action, on or before the first day of Janua- entitled to admission under the provisions of the ry, one thousand eight hundred and forty-six. Federal Constitution; and such States as may be

56

GOVERNORS OF STATES AND TERRITORIES-1845.

formed out of that portion of said territory lying representation, shall be admitted into the Union, south of thirty-six degrees thirty minutes north by virtue of this act, on an equal footing with the latitude, commonly known as the Missouri Com-existing States, as soon as the terms and conditions promise line, shall be admitted into the Union, of such admission, and the cession of the remainwith or without slavery, as the people of each ing Texan territory to the United States, shall be State asking admission may desire. And in such agreed upon by the Governments of Texas and State or States as shall be formed out of said terri- the United States.

tory north of said Missouri compromise line, And be it farther enacted, That the sum of one slavery, or involuntary servitude, (except for hundred thousand dollars be, and the same is (crime,) shall be prohibited. hereby appropriated to defray the expenses of missions and negotiations, to agree upon the

WALKER'S AMENDMENT.

And be it farther resolved, That if the President terms of said admission and cession, either by of the United States shall, in his judgment and treaty to be submitted to the Senate, or by articles to be submitted to the two Houses of Congress, Sdiscretion, deem it most advisable, instead of pro-as the President may direct. ceeding to submit the foregoing Resolution to the Republic of Texas as an overture on the part of the United States for admission, to negotiate with that Republic, then

[Approved, March 2d, 1845.]

[The Walker addenda was set aside by President Tyler, who chose to present to Texas the Be it resolved, That a State, to be formed out of original or House proposition above cited. the present Republic of Texas, with suitable ex

This

Stent and boundaries, and with two Representa- proposition has been accepted by Texas, through tives in Congress, until the next apportionment of her Congress and a Convention.]

GOVERNORS OF STATES AND TERRITORIES-1845-6: WITH THEIR TERMS OF OFFICE AND SALARIES.

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NOTE.-The Governors in all the States are elected by the People except Virginia and South Carolina, which are elected by the Legislatures.

The names in Italics are Whigs.

† Admitted into the Union March 1, 1845, but have twice rejected the terms of admission by popu lar vote.

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