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In 1880 the amount exempt from taxation in Allamakee County on account of fruit and forest trees planted was $7,250.

LIVE STOCK IN ALLAMAKEE COUNTY.

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Agreeable to a notice signed by Geo. C. Shattuck, John Raymond, D. H. Gilbert, John A. Townsend, Thos. A. Minard and Robert Isted, a meeting was held at Waukon, on the 7th day of June, 1853, of which John Raymond was President and Joel Baker Secretary, and which resulted in the formation of the "Allamakee County Agricultural and Mechanical Society." The first officers of the society were:

President--John A. Wakefield.

Vice Presidents-Robert Isted, John Laughlin, Wm. C. Thompson.

Recording Secretary-J. J. Shaw.

Corresponding Secretary-John Haney, Jr.

Treasurer A. J. Hersey.

The original roll showed a membership of eighteen persons, as ollows:

John Raymond, John S. Clark, Robert Isted, M. B. Lyons, John A. Wakefield, Reuben Smith, C. W. Cutler, Absalom Thornburg, L. S. Pratt, M. Lashman, G. C. Shattuck, D. H. Gilbert, J. M. Cushing, Ezra Reed, A. J. Hersey, Scott Shattuck, Austin Smith, John Haney, Jr.

We quote from Judge Dean:

"June 23d at a meeting of the directors it was voted that there be a County Fair at Waukon on the 13th of November. At this Fair Ezra Reed and G. C. Shattuck took premiums on sheep. Robert Isted, John M. Cushing, and Shattuck, took premiums on swine. Patrick Keenan, John Raymond, D. H. Gilbert, Robert Isted, and Abraham Bush, took premiums on cattle. Jehial Johnson, J. B. Cutler, Moses Shaft, G. C. Shattuck, took premiums on vegetables. L. Abbott took premium on wheat. Moses Shaft on corn. John A. Wakefield on best ten acres of corn. Benjamin Beard, L. Abbott, Mrs. L. T. Woodcock, Mrs. J. A. Townsend, Mrs. J. M. Cushing, and Mrs. Prescott, took premiums on household products. This was the first Agricultural Society or Fair ever held in the County, and for those early days was a grand success, although held on the open prairie."

The following year D. W. Adams was elected President of the society. Although we have no record of the old society at hand to refer to, we know that for several years quite successful Fairs were held, for those days.

At the suggestion of Mr. Adams and John Plank, Sr., a meeting was held at Waukon Jan. 8th, 1868, for the purpose of reorganizing a County Agricultural Society, which was successfully accomplished, and this organization has held a County Fair each year since then, nearly all of which have been successful ones, and the society is prosperous. At that meeting the following officers were elected:

President, John Haney, Jr.; Vice President, John Plank, Sr.; Secretary, D. W. Adams; Treasurer, Charles Paulk.

Directors-Center township, John Stillman; Fairview, D. F. Spaulding; Franklin, Selden Candee; French Creek, Porter Bellows; Hanover, Hans G. Hanson; Iowa, A. B. Hays; Jefferson, C. D. Beeman; Lafayette, W. Smith; Lansing, G. Kerndt; Linton, Harvey Miner; Ludlow, Thos. Feely; Makee, C. O. Howard; Paint Creek, John Smeby; Post, W. H. Carithers; Taylor, James Carrigan; Union City, Benj. Ratcliffe; Union Prairie, A. L. Grippen; Waterloo, W. Robinson.

It was decided to purchase grounds adjoining Waukon, and each director was made an agent for the sale of life and annual membership tickets to accomplish this.

The present fair grounds, comprising seventeen acres, admirably adapted to the purpose, were purchased and paid for, inclosed by an eight foot tight board fence, and a half mile track made within the inclosure, at the following cost:

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On which, after paying all the premiums of the first fair in full, there was at the annual meeting in January, 1869, a remaining debt of only $483.58 unprovided for.

In the autumn of 1869 the society erected a new hall, 39 by 60 feet, and made considerable other improvements, at an expense of $560, and still further reduced its debt. The society has continued to make improvements upon its grounds from time to time, including an addition to the exhibition hall in 1881. It is now almost entirely out of debt, and is one of the most flourishing societies of its kind in a wide region around.

The present officers of the society are:
President-W. C. Earle.

Vice-President-H. G. Grattan.
Treasurer A. E. Robbins.
Secretary-H. A. Rodgers.

Directors-John Johnson, Center; Eugene Perry, Fairview; C. F. Newell, Franklin; J. Doughterty, French Creek; H. G. Hanson, Hanover; A. B. Hays, Iowa; T. B. Wiley, Jefferson; Andrew Sandry, Lansing; E. D. Tisdale, Lafayette; Robt. Henderson, Linton; Simon Opfer, Sr., Ludlow; J. A. Townsend, Makee; R. Sencebaugh, Paint Creek; W. H. Carithers, Post; Robert Banks, Taylor; B. Ratcliffe, Union City; T. W. David, Union Prairie; A. P. Dille, Waterloo.

CHAPTER III.

General History; the Aborigines; Archæology; Advent of the Whites; Early Settlements; County Organization; First County Officers; Taxable Property in 1849; Sketch of Father Lowrey; Indian Missions; The Painted Rock; County Seat Elections; Sodom and Gomorrah.

The great Dakota or Sioux family of American Indians, whose proper domain is the vast central prairies between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains, from east to west, and stretching from the Saskatchewan on the north to the Red River, of Texas, occupied the territory in which Allamakee county is included, when the white man first set fout on Iowa soil, in 1673. They are remotely allied, in language, to the Wyandotte-Iroquois family of the East.

At the time of the advent of the white man, the Winnebagoes ("Puans" of the Canadians), a division of this powerful Dakota family, formed their eastern outpost, and lived on the western shore of Lake Michigan, and about the waters of Winnebago

Lake and Green Bay, Wisconsin. This tribe was the parent stock of the Omahas, Iowas, Kansas, Quappas, or Arkansas, and Osages. They took up arms with the French in the Franco-English wars, and with the English in the Revolution and war of 1812.

The Sacs and Foxes, originally separate tribes, were at one time neighbors of the Winnebagoes in Wisconsin, but had united their numbers in one band, and removed to and occupied a large portion of Illinois, and the eastern part of Iowa, south of the upper Iowa river. By the treaty of 1825 this river was made the dividing line between the Sioux on the north and the Sacs and Foxes (now considered as one tribe) on the south. But owing to frequent collisions between these tribes, in their hunting expeditions, the favorite hunting grounds being a bone of contention, the Government, in 1830, assembled them in council and established "the neutral ground," a strip of territory forty miles in width from north to south, with the upper Iowa as its center, extending westwardly from the Mississippi to the upper valley of the Des Moines river. Thus nearly the whole of what is now Allamakee county was included in the neutral ground, which was considered on of the yery best of hunting grounds, and upon which either tribe was permitted to hunt at pleasure, without interference from the other.

At the close of the Black Hawk war, in 1832, in which the Winnebagoes took no active part, but were rather friendly to the whites, a treaty was made whereby this neutral ground was to become their reservation, and in consideration of the surrender of their lands in Wisconsin they were to be allowed large annuities from the government, which also undertook to supply them with agricultural implements and teach them the art of tilling the soil, hoping to induce them thereby to abandon their wild and idle ways and become civilized; a hope which proved fallacious. This treaty, (or another made near that time,) was proclaimed Feb. 13, 1833, and by its terms-as recently found by A. M. May in a volume of Indian treaties in the library of the Wisconsin State Historical Society-defined the boundaries of the reservation as follows: Beginning at a point on the west bank of the Mississippi river, twenty miles above the mouth of the Upper Iowa, thence west to Red Cedar Creek (the head-waters of the Cedar River), thence south forty miles, thence east to the Mississippi, thence north to place of beginning. This grant was to take effect June 1st, 1833, provided that by that time they should leave their old reservation and settle upon this. The eastern portion of this neutral ground was soon occupied, and a mission school and farm was established by the government on the north side of the Yellow River in 1834, of which we shall have more to say further along.

By another treaty proclaimed June 16, 1838, the Indians relinquished their right to occupy the eastern portion of this tract

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