The Child and the Cinema.-The Cinema Commission's report has called attention to the pernicious effect of the cinema on the morals of young people. However, 'quite apart from the question of incitement to crime, and to more or less serious misconduct as a result of seeing the pictures, the subject of the psychological effect on the child's mind is of importance in itself, and not as seen in conduct easily and logically traced to the films." For good or for evil the cinema is helping to form the minds of practically all the children. This formation is in reference to the tastes and manners, as well as the morals, of the children. School and home training are affected by the fact that parents and teachers give their approval to attendance upon pictures where the children "are tickled with the smartness of vulgar slang. Not words only-they are bad enough, illiterate, coarse, and ugly-but deeds, tricks, attitudes, frequently degrading, and the more dangerous when amusing. The outlook of life, so material, so amusing and smart, so destructive of domestic virtues, the non-British methods of police and court proceedings, the underworld rowdyism and worse, and all the possible situations depicted in some of the most beautifully produced films," would all pass a state censor. Yet we ought to look after the mental and moral health of the children as well as the physical. The cinema offers an opportunity to give good material for development, but it is not probable that this will be done until the presentation of the cinema is given for proper recreational and educational purposes instead of for economic gain.-Mary Horne, The Child, July, 1918. A. G. Essentials of Case Treatment with Delinquent Children.-The freedom from rules of the chancery court makes that court a good one for the treatment of juvenile delinquents. While the Roman law, the penal code of France, and the English common law arranged for a variation of the punishment of juvenile offenders, graded somewhat according to age, yet the underlying conception of criminal law, that the state must vindicate by punishing, has handicapped the courts "where public opinion toward juvenile delinquents has not yet become formulated in chancery law and in judicial practice for children's courts." It is also necessary that "public opinion, formulated in law and judicial procedure," should make "it possible that adults who are responsible for the neglect and delinquency of children can be reached either directly by the juvenile court, or by another court on the initiative of the juvenile court." When a complaint is made, an order for a hearing should be issued to all concerned. Pending that hearing, a probation officer should investigate thoroughly all the facts and present them to the judge, who at the trial should vary the treatment to meet all the conditions of the case, though that may mean that several offenders tried for the same offense may receive different treatment. The enforcement of the decision should be left to the probation officer, who should supervise both the probationer and the adults upon whom he is dependent. The chief end of the treatment should be to keep the child occupied happily in work and play. The probation officer should be a voice in his community urging the removal "of causes and conditions which make for delinquency and also urging with still greater earnestness the provision of adequate facilities and agencies that make for wholesome juvenile life and education."-Henry W. Thurston, American Academy of Political and Social Science, May, 1918. A. G. The Value of Mental, Physical, and Social Studies of Delinquent Women.-A study of eight cases of delinquent women shows certain definite psychological and social needs. Of these cases two were cases of mental disease; the third, one of mental defect; the fourth, one of psychoneurosis; the fifth, a pathological liar, was a neuropath; the sixth, a maniac-depressive temperament, showed much immaturity; the seventh, a colored girl with much emotional instability, and in whom racial primitiveness was a dominant characteristic; the eighth demonstrated environmental influence in the case of a woman with no abnormal mental characteristics. The greatest needs as shown by these cases are: (1) clearing houses, or laboratories in courts and penal institutions where psychologists, sociologists, psychiatrists, and other specialists may make complete studies of all cases; (2) institutions for feeble-minded, or suitable colonies in every state; (3) psychopathic hospitals in all large cities; (4) increased facilities for supervision on probation so that institutions may be the last resort; (5) increased facilities for supervision on parole so that the individual coming from an institution will not be plunged into an unprotected environment; (6) increased resources in institutions for re-education along academic, domestic, and industrial lines as well as for the treatment of physical disease and abnormal mental conditions. The greatest need at present is the support of the public in these measures of reform.Edith R. Spaulding, Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, May, 1918. F. O. D. The Soldiers' and Sailors' Families.-"The Home Service of the American Red Cross reaches both the men, wherever they may be, and their loved ones at home." By being a connecting link with the home, the Home Service serves to keep up the morale of the army. "The greatest opportunity of Home Service lies in conserving human resources in the families left behind." A second opportunity is relief in emergencies. A third is the giving of allowances to the families of those who have no claim upon the government, as in the case of those who are serving in the armies of our allies. A fourth opportunity is the co-operation with the government in the care and rehabilitation of the wounded and crippled. A fifth is the service of giving information concerning enlisted men to their relatives. A sixth "is to help families to keep pace, in ambition and achievement, with the man who is surrounded, often, with new chances for education and advancement." The Home Service has a separate department in each local Red Cross chapter and has a Consultation Committee of representative men of the community which serves to consider difficult problems and to co-ordinate the Home Service with the other charitable agencies of the community. Not much money relief is given as usually the government allowance and the soldiers' allotment is sufficient. The plan is to keep the families intact and the mother at home when she is needed. Workers are trained as rapidly as possible.-W. F. Persons, American Academy of Political and Social Science, May, 1918. A. G. Eliminating Vice from Camp Cities.-The recreation program of the Commission on Training Camp Activities runs the gamut from athletic coaches and liberty theaters inside the camps to recreation and social opportunities in the communities outside the camps. This program is based on the principle that soldiers prefer clean, red-blooded, wholesome recreation to the other things which have usually in the past contributed to their inefficiency. Venereal diseases in the past have been the greatest single cause of much loss of man power, and hence of inefficiency in the army. On this question the United States government has taken the following stand, unique in world-history: the Council of National Defense unanimously decided that continence for the armies and navies of the United States was a perfectly practical program and the only sure preventative against venereal disease. That pronouncement is revolutionary. It marks an epoch in the history of the governments of the world. A recent report from one of the two camp cities having the highest venerealdisease rate among their troops shows by October a decline from 200 per thousand to 167 per thousand, following the going into effect of the recreation program. By making prostitutes inaccessible by a vigorous law-enforcing and public-health campaign, the rate of exposures to these diseases dropped from 826 in October to 497 in November, showing conclusively that the amount of exposure to venereal disease among troops varies directly as the accessibility of prostitutes to them. Open vice has gone from all cities or towns within five miles of an army or navy station where bodies of men are in training. Major Bascom Johnson, Annals of the American Academy, July, 1918. C. W. C. Modern Penal Methods in Our Army.—In order to keep down the number of those convicted and dishonorably discharged and to save as many fighting men as possible, a reorganization of the penal methods of the army should be made. Every man who commits an offense should have a thorough mental and physical examination, and as much of his previous history as possible should be learned through correspondWith the exception of the small number of those convicted of major offenses, the greater part of those found to be normal physically and mentally should be sent to a disciplinary battalion. At the end of three months the officers, who will subject the men to close observation while in their charge, will determine whether or not the men shall be returned to the regular organization. Another medical examination ence. will be given at this time. Any attempt to escape military service by committing offenses will be discouraged. By compelling those under guard-house sentences to do hard drilling, it will not be as now a detriment to the army. By these methods the number of fighting men lost to the army through convictions will be reduced by about one-half.-J. H. 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