property and general protection of children. The chapter on "Agriculture," although necessary for an understanding of the local problems, deals largely with questions affecting the general welfare of the state and illustrates the danger of drawing too close a line of demarcation between problems of child welfare and other social problems. The culminating features of the report are the practical suggestions for the improvement of child welfare throughout the state. The suggestions are conservative and seem to develop naturally from a knowledge of existing conditions in Oklahoma and of the effects of remedial efforts elsewhere. This investigation is not an intensive study of problems aiming to gather original information and develop new principles, but rather an extensive survey attempting to discover actual conditions and the extent of their deviation from accepted standards. Reports of this kind will greatly accelerate the development of state programs of child welfare. They need to be supplemented, however, by intensive research into special problems about too many of which very little is as yet known. GEORGE B. MANGOLD THE MISSOURI SCHOOL OF SOCIAL ECONOMY Religion and the New American Democracy. By JOSEPH E. Ancient Peoples at New Tasks. By WILLARD PRICE. New York: This book illustrates the spirit of the modern missionary movement. It presents a view of the missionary as a leader in the industrial development of backward foreign peoples. The American Spirit, A Basis for World-Democracy. By PAUl MONROE, PH.D., LL.D. and IRVING E. MILLER, PH.D. New This book is a compilation of selections from the speeches and writings of prominent Americans. It is designed to serve as a reader which shall "focus attention upon the constructive aspect of patriotism.' The Arbitral Determination of Railway Wages. By J. NOBLE STOCKETT, JR. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1918. Pp. XXV+198. $1.50. The chief significance of this book is that the author recognizes that political economy has furnished no generally accepted workable principles to serve as guides for adjustment of wage disputes. The writer seeks to find such principles in the standards that have been set forth and debated and in some cases applied in actual wage disputes and settlements. These standards or principles are (1) standardization, (2) the living wage, (3) the increased cost of living, and (4) increased productive efficiency. These standards are critically weighed and the conclusions set forth. The Peace of Roaring River. By GEORGE VAN SCHAICK. Boston: Small, Maynard & Co., 1918. Pp. 313. $1.50. A wholesome novel involving the experiences of an underpaid working girl of New York who finds romance and refuge in the Canadian North. It is unimportant from a sociological standpoint. Hindu Achievements in Exact Science. By BENOY KUMAR SArkar. New York: Longmans, Green & Co., 1918. Pp. xiii+82. $1.00. A suggestive little book for the occidental student. The writer sketches the main scientific achievements of ancient and mediaeval India "in the perspective of developments in other lands." He defines his main object as an effort to "furnish some of the chronological links and logical affinities between the scientific investigations of the Hindus and those of the Greeks, Chinese, and Saracens." The Holy Spirit, A Laymans Conception. By WILLIAM IVES WASHBURN. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1918. Pp. viii+ 133. $1.25. A conventional treatment without sociological significance. You Who Can Help. By MARY SMITH CHURCHILL. Boston: Small, Maynard & Co., 1918. Pp. 296. $1.25. This is a volume of letters written by the wife of an American army officer in France. They give an interesting intimate account of French life as the author found it in connection with her work as an agent of the American Fund for the French Wounded. The German Secret Service in America, 1914-1918. By JOHN PRICE JONES and PAUL MERRICK HOLLISTER. Boston: Small, Maynard & Co., 1918. Pp. 340. $2.00. This book, as the title indicates, endeavors to give a rounded account of the work of the German secret agents in America from the beginning of the war. Home and Community Hygiene. By JEAN BROADHURST, PH.D. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co., 1918. Pp. xiii+427. $2.00. The purpose of this book is to present in usable form scientific knowledge of essential hygienic measures. It is an interesting, yet accurate summary. It is worthy of a place in most home and school libraries. The Church and the Crowd. By RICHARD WALLACE HOGUE, D.D. New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1917. Pp. 84. $0.60. The volume frankly acknowledges that the church has lost its hold on the "crowd" but sees its reinstatement by an exercise of a larger place of leadership in the solution of the social problems of everyday life. Democracy Today. By CHRISTIAN GAUSS. Chicago: Scott, Foresman & Co., 1917. Pp. 102. Democracy and America's rôle therein as interpreted by speeches of representative Americans. Speeches of President Wilson make up the larger part of the book. The Collapse of Capitalism. By HERMAN CAHN. Chicago: Charles H. Kerr & Co., 1918. Pp. 119. $0.50. This is an effort, from the Marxian point of view, to show how the war is bringing about the collapse of capitalism through the breakdown of the currency system on which it rests. Capital Today. By HERMAN CAHN. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1918. Pp. ix+376. $2.00. A second edition made necessary by changes in the monetary situation brought on by the war. This change consists chiefly in the enormous increase of "credit-money ordinarily created by the banks and heretofore in existence in but moderate volume." Religion and Common Sense. By DONALD HANKEY. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1918. Pp. ix+82. $0.60. A non-scholarly attempt to defend the dogma of the Christian revelation against modern scholarship. Fire: From Holocaust to Beneficence. By CHARLES W. GARRETT, Puyallup, Wash.: The Author. 1918. Pp. 142. $0.50. A semiliterary, romantic, and popular description and interpretation from the socialist standpoint of human achievement. The Psychology of Behavior. By DR. ELIZABETH SEVERN. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1917. Pp. 349. $1.50. The author, who is engaged in the practice of psychotherapy, endeavors to "bring out of the dry dust of polemical discussion into the liveness and activity of everyday affairs" the facts discovered by scientific research. The point of view is "frankly metaphysical rather than biological, and idealistic and suggestive rather than materialistic and positive." Principles Governing the Retirement of Public Employees. By LEWIS MERIAM. New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1918. Pp. xxx+ 477. $2.75. This is one of the volumes published for the Institute for Government Research, Washington, D.C., within the field of "Principles of Administration." The aim of the book is to set forth the principal economic, social, adminstrative, and financial questions involved in the retirement of public employees and to discuss the principles which should govern in meeting these questions. It is a significant contribution to the pension problem. The Chartist Movement. By MARK HOVELL, M.A. Edited and completed by PROFESSOR T. F. TOUT. Manchester: The University Press, 1918. Pp. xxxvii+327. $2.50. This is a posthumous work the author of which was killed in France in August, 1917. It is a history and interpretation of the Chartists in England. As here interpreted the Chartist movement represents an important part in the development of democracy in England. Contrary to the generally accepted view, the author believes that the movement has had an important influence on subsequent history in England and on the larger social movement of the past century. RECENT LITERATURE NOTES AND ABSTRACTS Making the World Safe for Democracy.-Democracy is a form of social life of which the rule of the people is only one aspect. Modern democracy is a wholly new stage of social evolution, and may truly be called "the great adventure of our civilization." It is the hope of mankind, because it is to the group what self-determination and self-realization are for the individual. It represents nothing less than the final phase of social control and of political evolution, the goal toward which all human history has been striving. Also, its success depends upon the possibility of vast masses of men forming rational opinions and executing rational decisions as a group. Now this is only possible when there is adequate machinery to develop rational likemindedness and a rational will in the group as a whole. As part of this development we must remove the forms of industry causing poverty. To this end the family, the school, the church, and even "polite society" itself must be democratized as essential to this stage in the evolution of the social mind and of social control which expresses the recognition of the social worth and brotherhood of all men. Given peace, social and international, for its safety, free public criticism for its healthy expression, there is no reason why, with trained leaders and with the masses at large trained to take the social point of view, democratic societies should not be as efficient socially as authoritarian societies.Charles A. Ellwood, Scientific Monthly, December, 1918. C. W. C. The Eugenic and Social Influence of the War.-There are two theories regarding the eugenic and social influence of war in general: (1) war is, in the main, dysgenic and anti-social, wasteful of the best life of the nations, destructive of capital and of the fruits of industry, a propagator of disease, hurtful of the stock, a well-spring of international hatred and alienation; (2) the alternative theory is the view that war is a tonic, though admittedly a severe tonic, to the nations; that it promotes the virile virtues courage, endurance, self-sacrifice; that it imposes a wholesome discipline; that it is a great school of patriotism, efficiency, and solidarity; that prolonged peace leads to softness of manners and racial decadence. In counting up the gains and losses of the present war, the nations will have lost heavily in man-power, in brain-power, in capital, and in industrial resources, but out of it will come some gains also to the individual, to industry, and to education. Mr. Savorgnan calculates that it will take Germany twelve years, France sixty-six years, England ten years, and Italy thirtyeight years for the recoupment of man force. An obvious result of the war will be a disproportion of the sexes, the social effects of which will be intricate and far-reaching from the standpoint of matrimony and of the employment of women in industry. During the war both marriage rates and birth rates have decreased, infant mortality and disease have decreased, crime has decreased but juvenile delinquency has increased, and insanity is said to have decreased. After the war increase in cost of living will increase thrift and tend to depress still further the birth rate. A large emigration will surely follow. Perhaps the most fundamental gain of the war will be the increased interest in education-J. A. Lindsay, Eugenic Review, October, 1918. F. O. D. War and the Balance of Sexes.-The maintenance of the balance of sexes is a desirable principle in eugenics. There is preponderance of females in all European countries. It is greatest in Great Britain. The disturbance in the balance of sexes is most profound in the class of ages between twenty-one and sixty. The excess of females in this class is greatest in the Central Empires. Shrinkage of the male element in Europe will be accentuated by the resumption of emigration from Europe. The factors affecting the sex distribution are: (1) the sex ratio at birth; (2) the sex ratio at death; and (3) emigration. The sex ratio at birth increased in favor of males during |