Should these discharges which contain typhoid germs get into the stomach or intestines of healthy persons through food or drinking water the healthy person is likely to contract typhoid fever. Typhoid fever is a filth disease; it results from the intestinal or urinary filth of persons sick with the disease or recovering from the disease reaching the mouths of persons not sick with the disease. Typhoid fever may be prevented by the proper disposal of all human filth. This is accomplished by providing with each and every human habitation a sanitary privy or a properly constructed water FIG. 1.-How typhoid fever, dysentery, and cholera are spread from person to person. closet. Vaccination is also used to prevent typhoid fever. However, protection by vaccination against typhoid fever should not cause any relaxation in our sanitary precautions. All human filth is potentially dangerous. Sanitary privies or properly constructed waterclosets are the safe methods by which we may dispose of this everpresent danger. To prevent typhoid fever the following are necessary: 1. Pure water. 2. Sanitary privies or sewer connections. 3. Clean milk. 4. Clean food. TYPHOID VACCINATION. Vaccination as a protective measure against typhoid fever is widely practiced and is safe and effective. Children as well as adults are given the vaccination. The vaccination is accomplished by means of three hypodermic injections usually given at intervals of 10 days. See your family physician for full particulars. 1 Tuesday.. Battle of Somme began 1916. 4.38 7.29 2 Wednesday. The United States Public Health Service issues bulletins on public 4.38 7.29 3 Thursday... Clean water, clean food.. 4 Friday. 5 Saturday.. Independence Day. Tetanus antitoxin prevents lockjaw. 6 Sunday. 7 Monday.. Pasteur first began inoculation of human beings against hydrophobia Last yellow fever epidemic in United States began 1905 at New Orleans 4.44 7.26 4. 45 7.26 14 Monday. Lend your savings to your country; own a liberty bond. 15 Tuesday. Sanitary privies are cheaper than coffins.. 16 Wednesday. United States Public Health Service established 1798.. 17 Thursday.. One must swallow typhoid germs in order to get typhoid fever 18 Friday. 19 Saturday.. Do not spend thoughtlessly and unnecessarily, buy Thrift Stamps. 20 Sunday. Drawing at Washington of names for First National Army under selec- 4.50 7.22 26 Saturday.... Typhoid fever causes about 10 per cent of the deaths that occur in the 4. 55 7.17 United States each year. 27 Sunday. Flies, filth, fever; banish them. 4. 56 7.17 Austria declared war on Serbia, 1914.. 29 Tuesday.. "Public health education is more important than public health legis- 4.57 30 Wednesday. See your physician about typhoid vaccination... 4.59 7.13 4.59 7.13 and deaths. PRESERVE THE HEALTH OF THE WHOLE COUNTRY AND THUS PROTECT THE HEALTH OF THE MILITARY-NAVAL FORCES. GENERAL SUGGESTIONS FOR THE CARE AND FEEDING OF INFANTS. 1. The most loving act a mother can do is to nurse her baby. When the baby nurses it not only gets the best food, but it is less liable to many diseases, such as "summer complaint," convulsions, and tuberculosis. Out of every 100 bottle-fed babies an average of 30 die in the first year, while of the breast-fed babies only about 7 out of every 100 die in the first year. 2. Nearly every mother can nurse her baby during the first 3 or 4 months of its life, and if she can nurse it for 10 months, so much the better. 3. There may be an abundant supply of milk after the first few weeks, even if there is but little at first; the act of suckling causes the milk to come into the breasts and increases the supply. It is very important that the baby nurse regularly. 4. If the baby is too weak to nurse, a healthy infant can be used to excite the flow of milk until the baby has grown strong enough to nurse. This should not be done without a physician's advice. 5. The only way to tell how much food the baby is getting is to weigh it before and after each nursing for at least 24 hours. The clothes need not be removed, but the baby should be dressed in exactly the same way when weighed after nursing as before. (If the baby should soil its diaper after the first weighing, do not change it until after the second weighing.) In case the baby is not getting enough breast milk, the quantity lacking should be made up by properly prepared cow's milk. Let a physician decide this. This may be only a temporary shortage on the mother's part, and with suitable care the milk will probably increase so that the baby will eventually be satisfied with the breast only. 6. The following things influence the milk supply: Peace of mind is necessary for the mother. She must not worry; she should not get overtired. She should eat freely of her customary diet. The total quantity of fluids taken by her in 24 hours should not be less than 2 quarts; in hot weather more. Stuffing, however, is unnecessary and undesirable. 7. Consumption in the mother is practically the only disease that always forbids nursing. Paleness, nervousness, fatigue, pains in the back and chest, or the return of the monthly sickness are not sufficient reasons for weaning, but when these symptoms are present or pregnancy ensues, a physician should be consulted at once. 8. Shortly after birth boiled water, without sugar, may be given to the baby at regular intervals until the mother's milk supply is established. The baby, however, should be put to the breast at stated times, as often as the mother's condition permits. 9. After the fourth month it is well to give every baby orange juice once a day between feedings, especially if it is fed boiled or pasteurized milk. (The Care of the Baby, Public Health Reports.) 1 Friday.. 2 Saturday 3 Sunday 5 Tuesday. Monday.. Forego personal luxuries and help win the war.. 5.00 7.12 5.01 7.11 5.02 7.10 5.03 7.09 Do not limit the food of growing children. 5.04 7.08 6 Wednesday. ens. Feed your family first; do not feed high-priced food to dogs and chick 7 Thursday... Put your dimes and quarters at work; buy thrift stamps. 8 Friday.. Sanitary privies, water closets, and clean drinking water are important 9 Saturday Trialtrip of first steamboat, the Clermont, invented by Robert Fulton 10 Sunday. 11 Food and fuel control bill passed by Congress 1917. 5.08 7.02 Monday.. 12 Tuesday.. No community is really successful without a clean system of sewage 5.09 7.01 Help your country; buy war savings stamps.... 5. 10 6.59 13 Wednesday. Dr. T. B. McClinticdied of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever contracted 5.11 6.58 Although the filthiness of human refuse is an important consideration, the danger of this matter to health and life is of still greater importance. To soil hands and feet with it is filthy. To swallow water or food that is contaminated with it is filthy and dangerous. If, therefore, we are to dispose of human filth intelligently, we must do so in a manner that will prevent it from gaining access either to the inside or outside of our bodies. (Public Health Bulletin No. 69, Lumsden, Stiles, and Freeman, United States Public Health Service.) PELLAGRA. Studies by the United States Public Health Service indicate that pellagra is not communicable and is caused by an unbalanced diet, consisting mainly of cereals, starches, and fats, with but very little of the animal flesh foods or milk. Therefore the disease may be prevented by a well-balanced diet, including sufficient quantities of milk, lean meat, beans, peas, and green vegetables. The same diet will cure cases of pellagra which are not too far advanced. The Public Health Service recommends the following bill of fare as an illustration of the diet which will prevent pellagra: Sweet milk daily. BREAKFAST. Boiled oatmeal with butter or milk every other day. Boiled hominy, grits, or mush, with a meat gravy or milk, every other day. Light bread or biscuits with butter, daily. DINNER. A meat dish (beef stew, hash, or pot roast; ham or shoulder of pork; boiled or roast fowl; broiled or fried fish; cream salmon or codfish cakes, etc.), at least every other day. Macaroni with cheese once a week. Dried beans (boiled cowpeas, with or without a little meat; baked or boiled soya beans, with or without a little meat), two or three times a week. Potatoes, Irish or sweet, four of five times a week. Rice, two or three times a week, on days with meat stew or beans. Green vegetables (cabbage, collards, turnip greens, spinach, snap beans, or okra), three or four times a week. Stewed fruit (apples, peaches, prunes, apricots) three or four times a week, on days when there is no green vegetables for dinner. Peanut butter once or twice a week. Sirup once or twice a week. For the cure of pellagra the only medicine we have is the diet. The only use that medicines serve in pellagra is the alleviation of painful symptoms and in the treatment of complicating conditions. The sooner this is realized the sooner will the quacks, both within and without the profession, be put out of business. The money that is now being wasted on useless and quack medicines is well-nigh sufficient to procure for the poor deluded sufferers the food from the lack of which they are suffering. (Pellagra: Its Nature and Prevention. Reprint No. 461.) |