merge into, melt, grow, grow into, open into, resolve itself into, settle into, mature, mellow; assume the form, shape, state, nature, character, &c. of; illapse.

To convert into, make, render, form, mould, reduce, resolve into; transume (140), fashion, model, remodel, reorganize, shape, mould, modify; assimilate to; reduce to; bring to.

Adj. Converted into, become, &c. convertible.

Adv. Gradually, gradatim, by degrees, step by step, by inches, ir ch by inch, by little and little, by slow degrees, consecutively, seriatim, in

transitu

(145) REVERSION, reversal, return, reconversion, relapse, reaction, rec ›il, rebound, ricochet, revulsion, alternation (138), inversion.

Phr. The turning point; the turn of the tide; status quo; undoing the work of Penelope.

Reinstatement, re-establishment, &c. (660).

V. To revert, return to, relapse, recoil, rebound, react; to restore, &c. (660), to undo, unmake.

Phr. To turn the tables (719).

Adj. Reverting, &c., restored, &c., placed in statu quo, revulsive.
Adv. Uti possidetis.

Int. As you were!

(146) Sudden or violent change.

REVOLUTION, Counter-revolution, transilience, jump, leap, plunge, jerk, start, spasm, convulsion, throe, storm, earthquake, cataclysm (173). Legerdemain, conjuration, sleight of hand, hocus-pocus, harlequinade, witchcraft, &c. (992.)

V. To revolutionize, new model.

(147) Change of one thing for another.

SUBSTITUTION, commutation, enallage, metonymy, supplanting, syn

ecdoche.

Thing substituted. Substitute (634), succedaneum, make-shift, locum tenens, representative, proxy; deputy (759), vice, double, dummy, changeling, stop-gap, jurymast, palimpsest, metaphor (521).

V. To substitute, commute, supplant, supersede, change for.

To give place to; to replace, supersede, cut out, serve as a substitute, &c.

Phr. To stand in the shoes of, take the place of, supply the place of. Adj. Substituted, &c., vicarious, subdititious.

Adv. Instead, in place of, in lieu of, in the room of, mutato nomine; mutatis mutandis.

(148) Double and mutual change. INTERCHANGE, exchange, commutation, reciprocation, transposition, permutation, intermutation, shuffling, castling (at chess), hocus-pocus, interchangeableness.

Reciprocity (12), retaliation (719), barter (794).

Phr. A quid pro quo.

V. To interchange, exchange, bandy, transpose, shuffle, change hands, swap, permute, reciprocate, commute, counterchange.

Phr. To play at puss i the corner.

Adj. Interchanged, &c., recip rocal, mutual, commutative, interchangeable, intercurrent.

Phr. A Roland for an Oliver; tit for tat; vice versâ.

Adv. In exchange.

2o. COMPLEX CHANGES.

venture, passage, crisis, pass, emergency, contingency, consequence.

The world, life, things, doings, course of things; the course, tide, stream, current, run, &c. of events.

Phr. Stirring events; the ups and downs of life, the chapter of accidents, the cast of the die (156).

Phr. The decrees of fate.

V. To impend, hang over, be in store, await, come on, approach, stare one in the face, fore-ordain, preordain, predestine, doom, must be.

Adj. About to happen, impending, coming, &c., inevitable, avoidless, inexorable fate, doomed, devoted, spell-bound.

V. To happen, occur, take place, take effect, come, come of, become of, come about, pass, come to pass, fall, fall out, run, be on foot, fall in, befall, betide, bechance, turn out, prove, eventuate, draw on, turn up, cast up, supervene, survene, issue, arrive, ensue, arise, spring, start, come into existence.

Phr. Che sarà sarà; the die being cast; "It is written."

Pass off, wear off, blow over.

To experience, meet with, go through, endure (821), suffer, fare. Adj. Happening, occurring, &c., current, incidental, eventful, stirring, bustling.

Phr. The plot thickening.

Adv. Eventually, in the event of, on foot, on the tapis, as it may happen; happen what may; at all events; sink or swim.

Phr. In the course of things; in the long run; as the tree falls; as the cat jumps; as the world goes.

SECTION VIII. CAUSATION.

1o. CONSTANCY OF SEQUENCE IN EVENTS.

(153) Constant antecedent. CAUSE, origin, source, principle, element, occasioner, prime mover, primum mobile, spring, main-spring, agent, seed, leaven, groundwork, fountain, well, font, fountain-head, spring-head, fons et origo.

Pivot, hinge, turning-point, key, lever.

Final cause, ground, reason, the reason why, the why and the wherefore, rationale, occasion, derivation. Rudiment, germ, embryo, bud, root, radix, radical, etymon, nucleus, seed, stem, stock, trunk.

Nest, cradle, nursery, womb, nidus, birth-place, hot-bed.

Causality, origination, causation, production (161).

Phr. Behind the scenes; le dessous des cartes.

V. To be the cause of, to originate, give origin to, cause, occasion, give

(154) Constant sequent.

EFFECT, consequence, product, result, resultant, resultance, issue, end (67), fruit, crop, harvest, development.

Production, produce, work, performance, creature, creation, fabric, first fruits, firstlings, premices, dénouement, derivation.

V. To be the effect, work, fruit, result, &c., of, to be owing to, originate in or from, rise from, to take its rise from, arise, spring, proceed, come of, emanate, come, grow, bud, sprout, issue, flow, result, follow, accrue, &c. from, come to, to come out of, be derived from, be caused by, depend upon, hinge upon, turn upon, result from, to be dependent upon, hang upon.

Adj. Owing to, resulting from, through &c., all along of, derivative, hereditary.

rise to, kindle, suscitate, bring on, bring to pass, give occasion to, bring about, found, lay the foundation of, lie at the root of, procure, induce, draw down, realize, entail, develope, see (161).

To conduce, contribute, tend to

(176).

Adv. Of course, consequently, necessarily.

Phr. Cela va sans dire; thereby hangs a tale.

Phr. To have a hand in, to have a finger in the pie.

Adj. Caused, occasioned, &c., causal, original, primary, primordial, having a common origin, connate, radical, embryonic, embryotic, in ovo.

(155) Assignment of cause. (156) Absence of assignable cause. ATTRIBUTION, theory, ætiology, CHANCE†, indetermination, acciascription, reference to, rationale, dent, fortune, hazard, hap, haphaaccounting for, palætiology*, impu-zard, chance-medley, random, lot, tation, derivation from, filiation, ge- fate (152), casualty, contingence, adnealogy, pedigree, paternity, mater- venture, venture, pot-luck, hit. nity.

V. To attribute, ascribe, impute, refer to, derive from, lay to, point to, charge on, ground on, invest with, assign as cause, trace to, father upon, account for, theorize.

Phr. To point out the reason, ground, &c.; lay to the door of; tell how it comes.

To put the saddle on the right

horse.

Adj. Attributable, imputable, ascribable, referable (or referrible), owing to, derivable from, &c.

Putative, attributed, imputed, &c. Adv. Hence, thence, therefore, because, from that cause, for that reason, on that account, owing to, for as much as, whence, propter hoc. Why? wherefore? whence? how comes it? how is it? how happens it? how does it happen?

In some way, somehow, somehow or other; in some such way.

A lottery, toss up; game of chance; sortes; the turn or hazard of the die or cards; the chapter of accidents; a cast, or throw of the dice, hazard, rouge et noir; heads or tails, &c. Possibility, contingency, odds,

long odds.

V. To chance, hap, to fall to one's lot, to be one's fate, &c. (152), to light upon.

To take one's chance, to game, gamble, cast lots, toss up for, raffle, play for.

die.

Phr. To stand the hazard of the

Adj. Casual, fortuitous, random, accidental, adventitious, causeless, incidental, contingent, uncaused, undetermined, indeterminate, possible (470).

Adv. By chance, by accident, perchance, peradventure, perhaps, may be, mayhap, haply, possibly.

Casually, &c., at random, at a venture, as it may be, as it may chance, as it may turn up, as it may happen, as chance, luck, fortune, &c., would have it.

Phr. The die is cast: Jacta est alea.

* Whewell," History of the Inductive Sciences," iii. 481.

†The word Chance has two distinct meanings; the first, the absence of assignable cause,

as above; and the second, the absence of design: for the latter see (621).

2o. CONNECTION BETWEEN CAUSE AND EFFECT.