of Pardenone. Select in the choice of the most beautiful forms, they are always gracefully varied, according to his subject. His attitudes are spirited and appropriate, even in the most arduous difficulties of foreshortening, and the relief of his figures deludes the eye. Such are the characteristics attributed by Lanzi to this distinguished painter. In the Corso de Ramai at Brescia, are three fine fresco paintings by him, of subjects from the fable; but these are less surprising than his admirable works in the cloisters of the Benedictine Fathers of S. Eufemia at Brescia. They represent Moses and the Brazen serpent; Cain slaying Abel; Sampson and Dalilah; Judith with the Head of Holofernes; Jael and Sisera; and a Deposition from the Cross. The most studied of his works, are his fresco in the Dome at Parma, representing subjects from the Life of our Saviour, which captivate even in the neighbourhood of Correggio. Of his oil pictures, the most admired are the Birth of the Virgin, in the church of S. Faustino and S. Giovata at Brescia, and a Pieta, in S. Pietro at Cremona.-Lanzi, D'Argenville. GANDY (James), a Dutch portrait painter, born about the year 1619. He was a disciple of Vandyck, and his works are a sufficient proof of the great improvement he made under that great master. The Duke of Ormond having seen some of Gandy's paintings, prevailed upon him to visit Ireland. There are several portraits painted by him, of noblemen and gentlemen of fortune, in Ireland, which are very little inferior to Vandyck's, either for expression, colouring, or dignity; and several of his copies after Vandyck, which were in the Ormond collection at Kilkenny, were sold for original paintings of Vandyck.-Pilk. GARAMOND, a French engraver and letter founder, born at Paris in 1506, and died in 1561, aged 55. This artist was much engaged in some engravings for the works of the celebrated Italian poet, Ariosto. He was the first who banished the gothic or black letter printing, for which he substituted the Roman letter.-Moreri. GARBIERI (Lorenzo), an Italian painter, born at Bologna in 1590, and died in 1654, aged 64. He was a disciple in the school of Ludovico Caracci, whose taste of design he very studiously endeavoured to imitate. Being of a grave and melancholy turn of mind, it influenced him to choose those kind of subjects that gave the mind of the spectator a similar turn; such as pestilences, martyrdoms, &c. He had a bold manner of designing, and a great energy of colour; nor were his figures without a degree of grace, whenever his subjects required it. The principal works of this master are at St. Michael, in Bosco, and St. Antonio, at Milan, where three pictures of his have been mistaken for the works of the Caracci.Pilk. GARBO (Rafaellino Del), an Italian historical painter, born at Florence in 1476, and died in 1534, aged 58. He learned the rudiments of the art from Filippo Lippi, and gave such proof of genius in his early attempts, that there was the highest expectation of his being eminent in more advanced age; for his designs were executed with unusual freedom and spirit, and he soon appeared superior to his instructor. In his best time, he painted the subject of the Resurrection of Christ, which was greatly admired; the figures were well designed, the characters of the soldiers judiciously marked, the airs of the head were graceful, and the whole composition was full master. of spirit; but he afterwards altered | a great deal of the merit of his so much for the worse, that all his The airs of his heads had latter productions were the objects grace and elegance, not inferior to of contempt and ridicule; nor did those of Carlo Maratti, to whom he they seem the work of the same. was a contemporary, and he was very master. Before his death he lost deservedly placed in competition all the reputation which he had with that esteemed master, as the deservedly, obtained by his more style and taste of Garzi was so very: early performances, and he died in similar to that of Carlo, that the poverty and disesteem.-Vas., Pilk. works of the former are easily misGARNIER (Noel), an ancient taken for those of the latter. At French engraver, who flourished the age of 80 he painted the dome about the year 1560. He engraved of a church, by order of Clement XI., some wooden cuts, and is said to have which he deemed his best work.been one of the earliest artists that Pilk. made use of the graver in France. His plates are very rudely executed, and appear to have been the productions of a goldsmith. He engraved some grotesque ornaments, and a set of forty-eight figures, representing the Arts, Sciences, Trades, &c. There is also a plate by him of several naked men fighting, bearing some resemblance to Sebald Beham, though very inferior.--Strutt. GARNIER (Anthony), a French engraver, who flourished at Paris about the year 1650. He etched his plates in a bold style, and finished them with the graver. Though not executed with much delicacy, they are not destitute of merit. He engraved some of the paintings by Primaticcio, at Fontainbleau, and a set of twelve plates, after the pictures by the same painter, in the chapel de Fleury. He also engraved some plates after N. Poussin and M. Angelo Caravaggio.-Ibid. GARRAND (Mark), a Flemish painter, born at Bruges in 1561, and died in 1635, aged 74. He was principal painter to Queen Elizabeth, and also to Anne, consort to James I. -De Piles. GARZI (Lodovico), an Italian painter, born at Rome in 1640, and died in 1721, aged 81. He was a disciple of Andrea Sacchi, and in particular parts of his art possessed GARZONI (Giovanni). This lady was a native of Ascoli, but resided chiefly at Rome, where she distinguished herself as a paintress of flowers, and portraits in miniature. She flourished about the year 1630. At Florence she painted the portraits of some of the illustrious personages of the house of Medici, and some of the nobility. She died about the year 1630, and bequeathed all her property, which was considerable, to the Academy of St. Luke, where a marble monument is erected to her memory.— -Vasari. GASCAR (Henry), a French portrait painter, who came to England about the latter end of the reign of Charles II. He was patronised by the Duchess of Portsmouth; and in compliment to her, was much employed by the nobility and gentry. His best performance was a half-length at Lord Pomfret's, of Philip Earl of Pembroke, which he drew by stealth, by order of his patroness, whose sister Lord Pembroke had married.—Walpole. GATTI (Bernard, called Sojaro), an Italian painter, who flourished the sixteenth century. He was the ablest disciple of Correggio, and approached nearer to the great style of his instructor than any of his pupils. In his works he proves how nearly the beautics of that admirable painter may be imitated, without the servility of a copyist. Parma, Piacenza, and Cremona, are rich in his works. His Repose, in the church of S. Sigismondo, breathes the very spirit of Correggio; his affecting sweetness and grace, the expressive sensibility of his characters, the surprising illusion of his relief, are discernible in this celebrated picture. Similar characteristics distinguish his Nativity, in S. Pietro, at Cremona and perhaps above all, his admired Pietà, in the church of La Magdalena, at Parma. He succeeded Pardenone in the works left unfinished by that master, in the tribune of S. Maria di Campagna, at Piacenza; where, according to Vasari, the whole appears to be by the same hand. One of his most considerable works is the Cupola della Steccata, at Parma, which Lanzi considers an extraordinary performance in every part, in which the Madonna is of the most captivating beauty.-Vasari, Lanzi. GAUD (Henry), a Dutch painter and engraver, born at Utrecht in 1570, and died in 1639, aged 69. He travelled to Rome at an early age, and contracted an intimate friendship with that excellent artist, whose manner of pencilling, designing, and colouring, he made the models for forming his style. The pictures which Gaud himself painted were neatly and delicately touched, in colour and pencil resembling Elsheimer; but they were in no degree equal to the paintings of that admirable master; nor would they admit of even being compared with them. He engraved seven pieces of singular beauty, from pictures by Elsheimer.De Piles, Pilk, GAULLI (Giovanni Battista), called BACCICI, an Italian historical and portrait painter, born at Genoa in 1639, and died in 1709, aged 70. He was taken at a very early age to Rome, in the train of the Genoese envoy; and being accidentally introduced to Bernini, and Mario Nuzzi da Fiori, they not only directed him in obtaining a knowledge in his art, but promoted him by their recommendation, and laid the foundation of that fortune and reputation at which he afterwards arrived. He became excellent in portrait painting, though his genius and talents were much better adapted to history; but he was so eagerly solicited to paint portraits, that he finished an extraordinary number of those subjects, among which are the portraits of five popes, and all the cardinals of his time. His invention was good, his tone of colour lively and agreeable; and his touch was spirited. He understood the art of foreshortening his figures to a wonderful degree; and gave them such force, that they seem to come forth from the ceilings which he painted. Those works which he finished in the angles of the dome of St. Agnes, in the Palazzo Navona, had such strength of colour, that they made the colouring of Ciro Ferri look feeble; and it is reported the death of that great artist was occasioned through chagrin, on seeing the effect of Gaulli's performances so far superior to his own. However, though he had great merit in many parts of his art, it must be confessed that he sometimes is incorrect, and heavy, and his draperies have too much of a manner in their folds.- Vas., Pilk. GAULTIER (Leonard), a French engraver, who flourished about the year 1610. We have by him several highly finished plates, in which he appears to have imitated the style of Crispin de Passe. They are executed entirely with the graver, with great precision, but in a stiff formal manner. He must have been very laborious, as the Abbé de Marolles possessed upwards of eight hundred | disciple of Rembrandt, under whom prints by him. They consist of por- he made so great a proficiency, that traits, and various subjects.-Strutt. he approached near to the merit of GAYWOOD (R.), an English that celebrated artist. He spent engraver, who died about 1711. He two years under the direction of engraved the couchant Venus of Rembrandt; but he accomplished Titian, with a Spaniard Playing on himself in his art by a curious and an Organ; a fine picture of King attentive study of nature. In imiCharles's collection, and since of tation of his master, he also had Lord Cholmondely's. The other a repository of such objects of still works of Gaywood's are portraits of life as he might at any time have Mary Queen of Scots, with a cross occasion to paint; as armour, firein her hand; William Drummond arms, spears, and old draperies; and of Hawthornden, the Scottish histo- the walls of his room were covered rian; Sir Bulstrode Whitelock, Sir with stuffs, silks, or ensigns, tattered George Cook; William Fairfax, with and whole; from which antique six English verses; Holbein; James stores he dressed his figures, and Hodder, writing master; William furnished the back grounds of his Leybourn; Marguerite Lemon, Van- pictures. Among his principal works dyck's mistress, with French verses; are mentioned the last scene of DaCountess of Portland; John Play- vid's life, when Bathsheba requests ford Cuthbert Sydenham, 1654; him to make Solomon his successor; Lady Eleanor Temple; Charles (II.) and Jacob the Patriarch blessing his King of Scots; Lipsius; Mahomet; Children. His last work was the Doctor Faustus; and a head of Sufferings of Christ, in twenty-two Christina, for Fowler's Troubles of pieces, which Houbraken commends Sweden and Poland. for having a true and strong expression, a surprising variety of figures, and an excellent chiaro-scuro.Houb. Pilk. GELDROP,called GUALDROP (Gortzius), a Flemish painter, born at Louvain in 1553, and died in 1618, aged 65. He was a disciple of Franciscus Franks, but that master dying, he became the disciple of Francis Pourbus. He was princi GEEL (John Van), a Dutch portrait painter. Houbraken describes a picture of Van Geel, in which he has represented a woman sitting with a child in her lap. The figures in that design are very judiciously disposed; and the drapery, which is of yellow satin, falls in easy, natural folds; it is painted with a thin, delicate colour; and the touch is light, neat, and spirited. The pic-pally employed in painting portraits, ture is in every respect so like in which style he received great Metzu, that it is generally taken encouragement, and was esteemed for his work. Houbraken makes no one of the best artists of his time. mention of the birth or death of this At Cologne there is a Danäe of his master.-Houb. design, which is much praised; and two heads, one of Christ, and the other of the Virgin, which by some connoisseurs have been esteemed little inferior to Guido.-Descamps, Pilk. GELDER (Arnold de), a Dutch painter of history, still-life, &c., born at Dort, in 1645, and died in 1727, aged 82. He learned the rudiments of the art in the school of Samuel Van Hoogstraten; but afterwards GEMIGNANO (Vicentio de went to Amsterdam and became a St.), an Italian painter, born in Pilk. Tuscany in 1490, and died in 1530, | He first studied under Luca Signoaged 40. He was a disciple and relli, of Cortona; and afterwards imitator of Raffaelle. He painted under Pietro Peragino, at the same some fine pictures for the churches time that Raffaelle was under that at Rome. master; and that intercourse laid the foundation of a most cordial friendship between Raffaelle and Genga, which was never impaired. As he had made perspective and architecture his peculiar study, he excelled in both; and was employed by the Duke of Urbino to paint the scenery of his theatre, which Genga executed in an admirable manner, to his own honour and the satisfaction of the duke; and his extraordinary abilities in the several branches of his art procured him ample employment at Rome and Florence (as well as at Urbino), where his performances were held in great esteem.-Pilk. GEMIGNANO (Giacinto), an Italian historical painter, born at Pistoia in 1611, and died in 1681, aged 70. He travelled to Rome, and placed himself as a disciple with Pietro da Cortona; under whom he proved an historical painter of singular merit. He continued at Rome for some years, and finished several fine compositions for the churches and convents of that city.—Pilk. GEMINUS, or GEMINIE (Thomas). This old English artist was an engraver as well as a painter, and executed several plates to ornament his publications. In the year 1545, he published a translation of Vesalius's Anatomy, which was first printed at Padua in 1542, with wooden cuts. Geminus copied them on copper, and the book was dedicated to Henry VIII. These plates, according to Ames, were some of the first rolling-press printing in England. He afterwards published another translation of the same work, by Nicholas Udal, 1552, dedicated to Edward VI. Thomas Geminus lived in Blackfriars, where he published a Prognostication, relating to the weather, The Phenomena of the Heavens, &c., with a number of plates, engraved by himself. According to Vertue, he published another work on Midwifery, with copper cuts, by himself. Walpole. GENDRE (Nicholas le), an eminent sculptor, born at Paris in 1518, and died in 1570, aged 52. He executed several fine pieces of sculpture, particularly a fine statue of Henry IV.-Moreri, D'Argenville. GENGA (Girolamo), an Italian historical painter, born at Urbino in 1476, and died in 1551, aged 75. GENNARI (Benedetto), an Italian historical and portrait painter, born in 1633, and died in 1715, aged 82. He painted, jointly with his brother Cesare, in several cities of Italy. He visited England during the reign of Charles II., and painted the portrait of that prince, and the principal noblemen of his court. He was appointed painter to James II.; but at his expulsion returned to Italy. His historic works are, a St. Leopardo, in the dome of Osimo; and a St. Zaccaria, at Forli.-Walpole, Pilk. GENOELS (Abraham), a Flemish landscape and portrait painter, born at Antwerp in 1640. He was a disciple of Bakkereel and Firelans. He visited France, and was employed by Le Brun, to paint the landscapes in his battles of Alexander. He afterwards went to Rome, where he painted the portrait of Cardinal Rospigliosi, though little can be said in commendation of his portraits in general. In landscapes he had a boldness of design, and vigour of colour, with a truth of imitation |