father at an early age, he was chiefly | Schoreel, that it seemed impossible indebted for his progress to his own to determine whether it had not exertions and perseverance. His compositions were in the grand style; his colouring is true, and his design correct; and he is considered among the Flemish artists as a painter of distinction. The great altar-piece in the church of the Carmelites, at Brussels, was of Van Helmont's composition; the subject is Elijah sacrificing before the Priests of Baal. -Houb., Pilk. really been executed by that master. Though he had sufficient employment in his own country to detain him there, yet he was desirous of visiting Rome; and, having procured letters of recommendation, he travelled thither, and met with a favourable and honourable reception. He applied himself to study the antique, and the works of Michel Angelo; and copied many of the superb ruins in the environs of Rome, intending those designs for the ornament of his future compositions. After a residence of three years at Rome, he returned to his native country, and changed his manner of designing; though his early manner after Schoreel was preferred to his latter.— Houb., Pilk. HEMSKERCK, called the OLD (Egbert). It seems extraordinary that no circumstance relative to the time in which this great painter flourished, or the school in which he was HELST (Bartholomew Vander), a Dutch portrait painter, born at Haerlem in 1613, and died in 1670, aged 57. He sometimes employed his pencil on historical subjects, and the landscapes which he introduced in those compositions are always in a good taste, and designed with a great deal of truth and nature. But his chief merit consists in portraits, which he designed in an agreeable style, with a light free touch, and a mellow pencil; with broad draperies, and beautiful colouring. The best picture of this master is in the Cham-taught, should be taken notice of by ber of Justice, in the town-house of Amsterdam; it represents the principal officers of the trained bands as large as life. The carnations, the attitudes, and the draperies, are finely designed and executed; the local co-rectly, his colour is extremely natulours are good, and the ornaments, with the vases of gold and silver, are delightfully finished, and imitated to great perfection.-Houb., Pilk. HEMSKERCK (Martin), a Dutch historical painter, born in 1498, and died in 1574, aged 76. He first learned design from John Lucas, and afterwards became a disciple of John Schoreel. After quitting the school of Schoreel, he imitated the manner of that painter entirely, and finished a picture for the chapel of the artists at Haerlem, representing St. Luke painting the portrait of the Virgin, whic was so exactly in the style of any of the writers on the subject of painting; though, perhaps, through all Europe, no painter is more universally known, and few had more admirers. He designed and drew cor ral and transparent, and his pictures have a strong effect, from his accurate management of the chiaro-scuro. His touch is free, firm, and full of spirit, and his expression is admirable.-Some of his pictures appear rather too dark, particularly in the back-grounds; though perhaps that defect might have been occasioned by the colours having changed from their original tint, or perhaps from the severe treatment of unskilful cleaners and varnishers. But his genuine works, when entire, and well preserved, have a clearness and force equal to any of the Flemish U artists. The great reputation of Hemskerck hath excited so great a number of painters, either to imitate his manner, or to copy his works, that abundance of pictures are sold for his real performances, which are a dishonour to his genius and pencil. -Pilk. called HEMSKERCK, the YOUNG (Egbert), a Dutch painter of drolls, witches, &c. born at Haerlem in 1645, and died in 1704, aged 59. He was a disciple of Peter Grebber; but he imitated the manner of Browyer and the elder Hemskerck. He quitted Holland at an early age to visit London, where he resided for some years. He had abundance of humour, and a very lively and whimsical imagination, which caused him to delight in composing the most wild, fanciful, and uncommon subjects; such as the nocturnal intercourse of witches, devils, and spectres, temptations of St. Anthony, and enchantments; and those subjects he executed with a free pencil, and a spirited touch. His drawing was tolerably correct, and in some of his compositions extremely good; his colouring was generally commendable, though sometimes it appears disagreeable by its foulness. It was customary with him to introduce his own portrait among the drolls and conversations which he designed; and for that purpose he had always a small looking-glass placed near his easel.-De Piles, Pilk. HENNY (Adrian). This artist was one of the last painters who arrived in the reign of Charles II. Little is known of him, but that after being two years in France, he adopted the manner of Gaspar Poussin. He painted much at Eythorp, the seat of Dormer, Lord Carnarvon, now of Sir William Stanhope, and died there in 1710. HERREGOUTS, the Old (Henry), a Flemish historical painter, born at Mechlin about 1666. He received his first instructions in his art in his native city; but he formed his style of painting from studying the works of the best masters, and improving his knowledge by an accurate study after nature. In all his compositions he showed a fertile invention; his style of painting was grand, his design full of spirit, and his colouring agreeable. His figures had expression and character, and his draperies were easy and natural; he painted with great freedom of pencil, and his touch was broad and firm. His general subjects were designed in a large size, and in some of his compositions the figures were abundantly larger than life. Most of the churches at Bruges and Antwerp were adorned with the paintings of this master; but his best performance is in the parish church of St. Anne, at Bruges; the subject is the Last Judgment; and the composition, as well as the execution, afford sufficient evidence of the merit of this master.-Houb. HERREGOUTS, the Young, He was a considerable artist, but much inferior to his father. Several of his paintings are in the churches of Bruges, and are highly esteemed; one of which is in the church of the Bare-footed Carmelites, and represents the Presentation of Christ in the Temple.-Pilk. HERRERA (Francisco, the Elder), a Spanish painter and architect, born at Seville, in 1576. He was a scholar of Luis Fernandez, and was one of the earliest artists of his country who attempted to reform the dry and tasteless style that had prevailed before him. His colouring was bold and clear, and he gave great relief to his figures. Among his most considerable works are his picture of the Last Judgment, in the parochial church of San Bernardo at Seville. He also excelled in painting fairs, markets, and merrymakings, which are much admired. Cumberland. HERRERA (Francisco, the Younger), a Spanish painter, born in 1622, and died in 1685, aged 63. He was the son of the foregoing artist, and received his first rudiments in the art from his father. After passing some time under his father, he visited Rome, and applied himself with great assiduity in studying the beauties of antiquity, and the works of the most eminent masters. A residence of six years in Italy rendered him one of the most accomplished artists of his country; and some time after his return to Seville, he was appointed sub-director of the Academy, at its institution in 1660, of which Murillo was president. Not brooking this inferiority, he went to Madrid, where his talents soon brought him into public estimation. He was appointed painter to Charles II. of Spain, and superintendent of the royal works. His principal performances at Madrid are, the great altar-piece of the Bare-footed Carmelites, representing San Hermengildo; the cupola of the Convent of Corpus Christi; St. Anne teaching the Virgin to read. Herrera the Younger also excelled in painting still-life, flowers, and fish; and for his peculiar talent in the last, was called by the Italians il Spagnuolo degli Pesci.-Cumberland. HERTOCKS (A). Mr. Vertue could find no particulars of this artist's country, birth, or death; but that he engraved the following works: a frontispiece to the Icon Basilike, in folio; another to the complete collection of Charles's works'; and that to Mr. Evelyn's Sculptura, and several others. HEUSCH (William de), a landscape painter, born at Utrecht about 1638. He was a disciple of John Both, whose manner he strictly adhered to. He designed entirely after nature, and sketched the views of the Rhine and the Tiber, of Frescati and Trivoli, from which he composed his landscapes, which he enriched with excellent figures and animals of different kinds, elegantly designed, and finished with neatness; he generally chose for his subjects huntings, harvest home, or shepherds and villagers employed in different occupations or amusements.-Houb., Pilk. HEUSCH (Abraham de), a paintter of plants, herbs, insects, &c. born at Utrecht about 1650. His favourite subjects were plants and herbs of different kinds, insects, serpents, reptiles, &c., which he copied from nature, with singular neatness and truth. It was impossible to behold such exactness of imitation, and such exquisite finishing as he bestowed on his pictures, without being astonished at his patience, as well as the skill he showed in the disposition of his objects. Few of the works of this master are to be seen, as he spent a good length of time in giving them as much perfection as he could, and as he quitted painting for a commission in the navy Van Mander, Pilk. HEYDEN (John Vander), a Flemish painter of views of cities, palaces, &c., born at Gorcum in 1637, and died in 1712, aged 75. He derived his knowledge of painting from a painter on glass of no great note; and his taste directed him to the choice of such subjects as are very rarely seen in such perfection as they have been represented by his pencil. He painted views of cities, churches, palaces, temples, and country houses; which he copied with all imaginable precision, and added new beauties to them, by the landscapes, trees, and lovely distances which he introduced with great propriety and judgment. His pictures are finished with inexpressible neatness, and amazing patience; and he had one particularity, which can scarcely be found in any other master, that of painting his buildings so minutely exact, as to admit of counting the stones or bricks employed in their construction. Yet the objects in his pictures form admirable masses of light and shadow; the chiaro-scuro is well understood; the perspective excellent; and the union and harmony are not injured by the surprising care and delicacy of the handling. Among other considerable buildings, he painted a view of the Royal Exchange and Monument, at London; the Townhouse, at Amsterdam; the views of Rome, Cologne, and Delft; and many churches and palaces, which are filled with a multitude of figures, all busy and in motion, and very judiciously disposed; all those figures being painted by Adrian Vandervelde, they add a still greater degree of value to his pictures.-Houb., Pilk. HIDALGO (Don Joseph Garcia), a Spanish painter, born about the year 1656. He was probably a native of Murcia, as he studied in that city, under Matteo Gilarte, and Nicholas de Villacis. After passing some time under those masters he went to Italy, and at Rome became a scholar of Giacinto Brandi. The climate of Italy proving obnoxious to his health, he returned to Spain, and in 1674 went to Madrid, and was employed by Charles II. in a series of twenty-four pictures for the cloisters of San Felipe el Real. In 1691, he published a work on art, entitled Principias para estudiar el Nobilissimo Arte de la Peintura. -Cumberland. HIGHMORE (Joseph), an English historical painter, born at London in 1692, and died in 1780, aged 88. He was the nephew of Serjeant Highmore, and was bred a lawyer, but quitted that profession for painting, which he exercised with reputation amongst the successors of Kneller, under whom he entered into the academy; and, residing at first in the city, was much employed in painting family pieces. He afterwards removed to Lincoln's-InnFields, and painted the portraits of the Knights of the Bath, at the revival of that Order, for a series of plates, which he first projected, and which were engraved by Pine. He also painted a set of pictures, the subjects of which were taken from Richardson's Pamela. At the institution of the Royal Academy, he was chosen one of the professors. His best performances are, Hagar and Ishmael, at the Foundling Hospital; the Finding of Moses; and the Good Samaritan. He was eminent for his literary abilities, and published a Critical Examination of the two Paintings by Reubens on the Ceiling of the Banqueting House at Whitehall, &c. 4to.; The Practice of Perspective, on the Principles of Dr. Brooke Taylor, 4to.; Observations on a Pamphlet, entitled Christianity not founded on Argument; Essays, 2 vols. 12mo.-Gen. Biog. Dict., Pilk. HILLIARD (Nicholas), an English historical and portrait painter, born at Exeter in 1547, and died in 1619, aged 72. He studied the works of Hans Holbein, which to him seemed preferable to all others. But though he copied the neatness of his model, he was incapable of acquiring the force and nature which that great master impressed on all his smaller performances. | school, as exhibited in the landHe could never arrive at any strength scapes of Rubens, Wildenburg, and of colouring; his carnations were al- Teniers; but they perfectly assimiways pale, and void of any variety late with the works of Ruysdael, of tints; yet his pencilling was ex- and other painters of the young ceedingly neat, the jewels and orna- school. Hobbima has not been ments of his portraits were expressed surpassed by any painter in this with lines incredibly slender, and country, in the pure and graceful even the hairs of the head and of tinting of his colour, in the full and the beard were almost distinctly to flowing richness of his painting, and be counted. He painted the por- intelligent use of the chiaro-scuro. trait of Mary, Queen of Scots, which In some of his larger pictures he gained him universal applause; and has introduced, with the happiest Queen Elizabeth sat to him for her effect, the brilliancy of the sunshine portrait several times.-De Piles, bursting through the gloom of the Pilk. forest, and illuminating the whole of his picture with a magical effect of light and shadow that astonishes and charms. His skies are lucid and floating, and there is a dewy brightness in his verdure that is admirable. The pictures of Hobbima were for a long time unnoticed and neglected; but now obtain very high prices.-Pilk. HIRAM, an excellent architect, who was sent by the King of Tyre to Jerusalem, to superintend the building of Solomon's Temple, which he performed in an excellent manner. Josephus. HODGES (William), an English landscape painter, born in 1744, and died in 1797, aged 53. He was a disciple of Wilson, the landscape painter, and accepted the appoint HIRE (Laurence de la), an eminent French painter, was born at Paris in 1606, and died in 1656, aged 50. He was the only artist of his time in France who did not endeavour to imitate the manner of Vouet; though that which he assumed was not at all superior, and he continued a mannerist of an inferiorment of draughtsman in the second order. His landscapes were the voyage to the South Seas, under most pleasing of his works, and were Captain Cook; from which he refinished with great care, but he was turned after an absence of three deficient in perspective.--D'Argen-years, and painted some pictures for ville, Vie des Peintres, Pilk. HOADLY (Sarah), an English portrait paintress, who died about 1743. She was a disciple of Mrs. Beale, and a paintress of portraits by profession; when she had the happiness to become the wife of Dr. Hoadly, afterwards Bishop of Winchester. Her portrait of Whiston has been much admired. HOBBIMA (M.), a Flemish painter, born at Antwerp, or, according to other writers, at Hamburgh, about the year 1611. His pictures in no way partake of the Flemish the Admiralty, of scenes at Otaheite and Uhetea. He went to the East Indies, under the patronage of Warren Hastings. He was a member of the Royal Academy.-Edwards, Fuseli. HOECK, or HOUK (John Van), a Flemish painter, born at Antwerp in 1600, and died in 1650, aged 50. He was a disciple of Rubens. From the school of Rubens he visited Rome, and resided there for some years. His merit soon procured him the favour of the principal nobility and cardinals, and his works were |