has enlisted the active support of over five millions of English speaking people constitutes a working force worthy the most respectful consideration of all students of sociology. In Carlyle's words, "The shadow on the dial advances without pausing. This that they call the organizing of labor, if well understood, is the problem of the whole future for all who will in the future govern mankind."

As has been stated, the trade union holds the strike to be a legitimate weapon for use in certain contingencies. It is a sound, general principle in law-subject to exceptionsthat what one man may lawfully do a thousand other individuals may do. If one labor seller may refuse to sell his labor, except under certain conditions, a thousand labor sellers may lawfully do likewise. The business wisdom of the captains of industry and controllers of trade and commerce has sought to eliminate ruinous competition among those of their class and kind having like interests. The pool, trust, and combine among capitalists is an object lesson writ large in view of the laborer who slowly reads the lesson, and then says, It shall go hard but I will better the instruction.

The trade union does in a measure, dependent upon its completeness of organization in a craft, lessen the ruinous competition among laborers. Through its agency, A agrees that if B cannot secure the desired price and conditions for the disposal of B's labor, A will not enter as a rival to bear the labor market. As a purely business principle, this protects the interests of both A and B as the labor sellers, as against the interests of C, the labor buyer. It gives to B a greater equality of bargaining power than he would otherwise possess, while, if the compact of agreement in the trade union embraces D, E, F, and their fellows, it becomes the more effective. If, however, they withhold their co-operation, and stand ready to place B at a disadvantage in his dealings with C, the argument rests not against the strike method, but against its use on the specific occasion. But, moreover, it is not usually necessary for the trade union agreement to embrace all labor sellers in order that the object of the strike may be accomplished, but only that it may control a sufficient percentage of them to render it unprofitable for the