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Mr. HANSON. My contention is that they did have a voice in the changing of the Constitution at that particular time because the representatives that were elected, that ratified the amendment in the several States, were elected by the soldiers as well as the rest of the people. I know for my part I voted for a representative from my particular district who in turn voted for the change, or voted for the eighteenth amendment, so I feel that I did have a direct representation in that change.

Senator THOMAS. What does the term "constitutional law" mean? Mr. HANSON. Constitutional law?

Senator THOMAS. Yes.

Mr. HANSON. Well, constitutional law would be the laws that are enacted by Congress, Federal laws that define the Constitution, the legality or illegality of acts of "we, the people."

Senator THOMAS. I can judge quite correctly from what you say then that the word "constitutional" does not have any meaning in your Constitutional Educational League.

Mr. HANSON. As far as the teaching of the Constitution, not particularly.

Senator THOMAS. And the word "educational" has no meaning.
Mr. HANSON. As far as education pertaining to the Constitution?
Senator THOMAS. Yes.

Mr. HANSON. Not except insofar as we have had men who have spoken under our auspices dealing with the Constitution.

Senator THOMAS. Now, then, what is "league"? We have gotten rid of "constitution," gotten rid of "education." Now let us see if we can get rid of "league."

Mr. HANSON. Well, at first it was a voluntary group of individuals who banded themselves together for a specific purpose, not so much the purpose of teaching the Constitution as to attack and oppose what was construed to be enemies of the Constitution, or enemies of good government.

Senator THOMAS. Is there any other league that you can think of that corresponds to this type of league that you have got here? Is it anything like the League of Nations?

Mr. HANSON. No.

Senator THOMAS. Is it anything like the League of Women Voters? Mr. HANSON. In a sense; yes.

Senator THOMAS. Well, how many members have you got?

Mr. HANSON. Oh, I could not say as to that. We have several thousand members, I should say, several thousand. I do not know how many. I could not testify as to that, unless I have my records to consult.

Senator LA FOLLETTE. Your subpena is continued in full force and effect and made returnable on December 15,1 at which time you will appear with all books and records in your possession and in the possession of the New York office, the Birmingham office, and the New Haven office.

The committee will stand in recess subject to the call of the Chair. (Whereupon, at 11:25 a. m., the committee recessed subject to the call of the Chair.)

1 This subpena was later extended to Aug. 15, 1938.

APPENDIX

EXHIBIT 3787-A

[Formerly EXHIBIT JCC-1]

SUBPENA

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES

TO LAWRENCE W. CAMPBELL, Johnstown, Pa., personally and as secretary, Citizens Committee, Johnstown, Pa., greeting:

Pursuant to lawful authority, you are hereby commanded to appear before the subcommittee of the Committee on Education and Labor of the Senate of the United States, on November 15, 1937 at 10 o'clock a. m., at their committee room 247-C, Senate Office Building, Washington, D. C., then and there to testify what you may know relative to the subject matters under consideration by said committee, and not to depart without leave of said committee, and bring with you the following records of the citizens committee, hereinafter referred to as the "Committee.'

1. The constitution, charter, bylaws and declaration of principles, and all forms of application for membership, membership cards or other indicia of membership.

2. All documents, records and books of account, showing the names and addresses of all members and contributions made or dues paid by them from May 1, 1937, to the date hereof.

3. All documents and records showing the names and addresses and dates of appointment or election of all officers, directors, and all members of all committees and the chairmen and officers thereof.

4. Minute books or other records containing all minutes of meetings of the members, directors, officers, and committees of the committee.

5. Copies of all letters, telegrams, pamphlets, brochures, or other papers, soliciting funds for, or descriptive of the purposes and aims of, or the services rendered by the committee, which were transmitted through the mails from May 1, 1937, to the date hereof, together with the list or lists of names and addresses to which such papers were sent, and all correspondence, letters and memoranda received in response thereto.

6. Copies of all press releases, advertisements, or other material transmitted or sponsored by the committee for publication in any newspaper, journal, or periodical, having reference to organizations of labor, industrial relations or the enforcement of law with regard to labor disputes, from May 1, 1937, to the date hereof.

7. Copies of all books, pamphlets, literature, and printed matter distributed by, or in behalf of the committee for the purpose of creating or influencing public opinion with regard to organizations of labor, industrial relations or the enforcement of law with regard to labor disputes, from May 1, 1937, to the date hereof. 8. Copies of all speeches, dialogues, or programs, having reference to organizations of labor, industrial relations, or the enforcement of law with regard to labor disputes, transmitted by radio broadcast at the expense of or under the sponsorship of the committee.

9. All ledgers, books of account, balance sheets, vouchers, canceled checks, receipts, solicitors' receipts, cash books, journals, correspondence, and memoranda showing the amounts pledged to or received by the committee, or by you, on behalf of the committee, as dues, loans, contributions or otherwise, other than the dues or contributions of members, and all expenditures made by the committee, or by you on behalf of the committee, from May 1, 1937, to the date hereof.

89562-38-pt. 16- -3

10. All contracts, agreements, correspondence, telegrams and memoranda from May 1, 1937, to the date hereof, relating to the employment of any private detective or private detective agency or other person by the committee for the performance of any of the following services or services of a similar character and all correspondence, reports, papers, dictaphone records, memoranda, relating to or resulting from the performance of such services.

(a) The investigation of the affiliation or association of any person employed by or seeking employment from any firm or corporation with any labor or political organization or any officer or representative thereof, and/or of the activities of any such person in organizing or enrolling workers into a labor or political organization, or of the personal life or habits of such person.

(b) The investigation of the activities of any person known to be or suspected of being engaged in trade union organizing activities.

(c) The investigation of the activities of any labor or political organization or of any existing or threatened labor dispute.

(d) Providing any firm or corporation with persons to work in its factory or other place of business for the purpose of reporting on the activities of its employees.

(e) Providing persons to replace employees of any firm or corporation who were or might go on strike or who refused to work by reason of a labor dispute.

(f) Providing persons to act as guards to protect workers employed by and/or the property of any firm or corporation when some or all of its regular employees were on strike or had refused to work by reason of a labor dispute.

(g) Providing armed guards to protect the property of any firm or corporation. 11. Card files, or other rosters or records of persons employed by the committee. and all reports and office memoranda rendered by such persons, since May 1, 1937, to the date hereof.

12. Copies of all contracts, agreements, memoranda, telegrams, and correspondence with any person or persons relating to the performance of any of the following services:

(a) The solicitation of funds or contributions to be used by or for the purposes of the committee.

(b) The preparation, distribution, publication, transmission or radio broadcasting of any of the material described in paragraphs 6 to 8 hereof, inclusive.

13. All correspondence, documents, records, and memoranda relating to the deputizing of any persons as special duty sheriffs or other peace officers for the period from May 1, 1937, to the date hereof, including all books of account. vouchers and other records relating to any fees, compensation or gratuity paid by the committee, to any State, county, municipality, or other governmental agency or officer or employee thereof in connection with the deputizing of such peace officers during such period.

14. Records, correspondence, memoranda, papers, and dictaphone records in the possession of the committee, relating to any and all dealings or transactions by you or any other member, officer, or employee of the committee, with city, county, State and Federal agencies and officials relating to the matters set forth in paragraph 10 above.

15. All correspondence, letters, or telegrams and all records of transactions or communications, between the Committee or any committee, representatives, or officer thereof, and Gerald K. Smith, Rembert Gilman Smith, and any officers, directors, or employees of the Citizens National Committee, the Constitutional Educational League of New Haven, Conn., the Chamber of Commerce of Johnstown, Pa., the United States Chamber of Commerce, the Steel Workers Committee of Johnstown, Pa., and any association of employers, labor union, fraternal or secret order, vigilante organization, law and order league, or other citizens' committee.

16. All correspondence, letters, telegrams, and all records of transactions or communications between the Committee or any committee, officer, or representative thereof, and any officer, director, or employee of any person, firm or corporation with reference to any labor dispute, or anticipated labor dispute, or the enrollment of, or attempts by others to enroll the employees of any person, firm or corporation in any trade union, political organization, employees' association, or law and order league.

Hereof fail not, as you will answer your default under the pains and penalties in such cases made and provided.

To Allen Sayler; to serve and return.

Given under my hand, by order of the Committee, this 8th day of October, in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and thirty-seven.

[Endorsement on back:]

ELBERT D. THOMAS,

Senator, Subcommittee of Committee on Education and Labor Under Senate Resolution 266.

OCTOBER 11, 1937.

I made service of the within subpena by personal delivery to the within-named Lawrence Campbell, at Chamber of Commerce, Swank Building, Johnstown, Pa., at 3 o'clock p. m., on the 11th day of October 1937.

ALLEN SAYLER.

EXHIBIT 3787-B
[Formerly EXHIBIT JCC-2]

Mr. LAWRENCE W. CAMPBELL,

[Telegram]

WASHINGTON, D. C., November 11, 1987.

Secretary, Johnstown Chamber of Commerce, Johnstown, Pa.,

or Lakeshore and Parkview Drive, Westmount, Johnstown, Pa.

At the direction of the chairman of this subcommittee, Senator Robert M. La Follette, Jr., I wish to inform you that the return date of the subpenas heretofore served on you has been extended to November 19, 1937.

Charge O. B.

ROBERT WOHLFORTH,

Secretary, Subcommittee of the Committee on Education
and Labor Under Senate Resolution 266.

[Delivered Nov. 12, 1937.]

EXHIBIT 3787-C

[Formerly EXHIBIT JCC-3]

Mr. LAWRENCE W. CAMPBELL,

NOVEMBER 12, 1937.

Lakeshore and Parkview Drive, Westmount, Johnstown, Pa.

DEAR MR. CAMPBELL: In going over the matter of the subpenas previously served upon you, I find that there were three subpenas served, as follows:

Pa.

No. 1059. Personally and as secretary of the Citizens' Committee, Johnstown,

No. 1060. Personally and as secretary of Citizens' National Committee, Johnstown, Pa.

No. 2003. Personally, and as secretary of the Johnstown Chamber of Commerce, Johnstown, Pa.

At the direction of the chairman of this subcommittee, Senator Robert M. La Follette, Jr., I wish to inform you that the return dates of the above subpenas have been extended to Friday, November 19, 1937.

The return date of subpena No. 2004 directed to the Johnstown Chamber of Commerce and served on Francis C. Martin, chairman, has been extended to December 15, 1937. This extension does not, of course, excuse you from the obligation imposed by subpena No. 2003 to appear on November 19, 1937, and produce the records of the Johnstown Chamber of Commerce called for in that subpena.

I was not sure this was made clear to you over the phone this morning.

Very truly yours,

ROBERT WOHLFORTH,

Secretary, Subcommittee of the Committee on Education
and Labor Under Senate Resolution 266.

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