three sons seem to have accompanied their parents into exile, and to have thenceforth lived for the most part at Amsterdam, where two of them died; viz.-Timothy who was born in 1595 and died in 1663, and Eleazer born in 1598 and died in 1668.

Zachary Clifton, the eldest son, to whom the Bible belonged, and who wrote most part of the familymemoranda, was born on May 12th, 1589. In the earlier part of his life he lived at Richmond in Yorkshire, for there the two children, issue of his first marriage, were born in 1620 and 1624; and there his wife, a daughter of Arthur Hipps of that place, by Dorothy Johnson29 his wife, died in 1625, aged twentysix. Five years after we find him living at Amsterdam, where, on April 22d, 1631, he married his second wife Elizabeth, daughter of Laurence and Catherine Wayte, of Cookridge, near Leeds. Of this marriage there was issue, ten children who were all born at Amsterdam, between 1632 and 1648. On November 1st, 1652, he left Amsterdam, and about two

29 She was probably a near relation of Francis Johnson, the tutor of Smith, and the pastor of the separatist church at Amsterdam, who, as well as his brother George, whom he is charged with having excommunicated, were originally from Richmond. See Brook, vol. ii, p. 99.

months after fixed his residence at Newcastle-uponTyne, where he appears to have lived for the remainder of his life. He died there on May 26th, 1673, and was buried in All-Hallows Church.

THOMAS TOLLER. Richard Clifton, clerk, was Thomas named, in 1593, one of the two supervisors Toller. of the will of Richard Jessop, of Heyton, near Babworth, gentleman, whose younger brother, Francis Jessop, appears to have been the person of that, name, whom we find fighting by the side of Clifton in the controversies which so much disturbed the harmony of the English emigrants at Amsterdam. And with Clifton was joined another clergyman, Thomas Toller, then a young man who may reasonably be presumed to have been residing in that neighbourhood, though no institution of him to any Nottinghamshire benefice has been found; and if so then he is doubtless to be counted among the preachers of Basset-Lawe who contributed to raise that spirit of opposition to the ecclesiastical arrangements of the country which led ultimately to the emigration for it is certain that he was, during a pretty long life, one of the most zealous Puritan ministers of the time, strong in his opposition to the ceremonies, though not

going the extreme length of separation. His field of pastoral and ministerial labour was for the greater part of his life the large and populous parish of Sheffield. He was presented to this cure, in 1597 or 1598, by his friends the family of Jessop, and there he spent the remaining years of his life, dying in 1644. Dr. Calamy, the biographer of the latest generation of the genuine Puritan ministers, refers to him as having been an instrument of much good in that large and populous town. We have a curious remain of his, in a kind of ecclesiastical survey of the deanery of Doncaster, with notes of the character of some of the incumbents, and especially with respect to their leaning to or against the ceremonies.30 What his own leaning was and the leaning of his coadjutor in the work, Mr. Richard Clark, the vicar of Braithwell, is sufficiently apparent in the document itself. There were eighteen out of about seventy ministers who were more or less disaffected to the ceremonies. The date appears to be about the year 1612.

ROBERT GIFFORD is the name of another minister spoken of by Bradford as having been Robert Gifford.

30 This curious paper may be seen among Birch's Manuscripts in the British Museum. Additional 4293, No. 21.

"31

hotly persecuted by the Prelates," 31 and who may therefore be presumed to be one of those who contributed to produce the strong Puritan feeling which pervaded these parts of the kingdom. He is classed by Toller in the paper before spoken of among those ministers who "seemed weary of the ceremonies." His benefice was Laughton-en-le-Morthen, in Yorkshire, but adjoining to the parish of Worksop. In him the spirit of nonconformity was not so powerful as to urge him to separation, but, like his neighbour Bernard of Worksop, he so far conformed as to retain possession of his benefice, which he kept till his death in 1649. He was a Master of Arts, and held this living nearly half a century. His monumental inscription yet remains in the church at Laughton. One of this family, Emmanuel Gifford, was of the bedchamber to King James the First: another was the Major-General John Gifford of the Parliament army and a daughter of the family married Francis Vincent a near kinsman of Philip Vincent, the author of the Relation of the Pequot war, 1638.

:

One other minister who must have contributed to this alienation of men's minds from the Reformed

31 Young, p. 422.

Church of England as by law established, remains to be mentioned. His name was HUGH Hugh BROMHEAD, a native of these regions, being

Bromhead.

of the family of the name which was seated at North Wheatley. He is not one of whom Bradford speaks; but we have his own testimony in a letter still existing preserved in the British Museum. He was not, like Bernard, Toller, and Gifford, content with a qualified conformity, but, imitating Smith and Clifton, he went the whole length of Separation and was not inferior to Smith himself in hostility to the established church. In his judgment it was Babylon, the mother of all abominations, the habitation of devils, and the hold of all foul spirits, and a cage of every unclean and hateful bird." But I will do him the justice to place in the Appendix the whole of the letter in which these expressions are contained. It will be found to give in a concise form, a good account of the principles and the practices of the Nottinghamshire Separatists, perhaps as plain and good an account as can anywhere be found. At the same time while we may condemn a certain harshness of expression which may have been learned in the Marprelate school, it is impossible not to admire