83921 MAY 1962 Printed for the use of the Committee on Education and Labor U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1962 PURCHASED THROUGH SUBCOMMITTEE ON INTEGRATION IN FEDERALLY ASSISTED PUBLIC EDUCATION PROGRAMS DOMINICK V. DANIELS, New Jersey, Chairman EDITH GREEN, Oregon PETER FRELINGHUYSEN, JR., New Jersey DEBORAH PARTRIDGE WOLFE, Director CONTENTS Page Foreword and letter of transmittal__. Introduction___ A. Brief history of integration in federally assisted public education _ _ V 1 4 C. Description of programs studied.. D. Overall methodology 5 12 Findings of research investigations. 1. University and college participation in federally sponsored 13 13 13 2. Desegregation in institutions of higher education located 16 3. Land-grant colleges and universities in southern and border 4. The National Defense Education Act of 1958. 5. The college housing loan program_. 6. The U.S. Office of Education cooperative research program_ B. Elementary and secondary education.. 1. School assistance in federally affected areas under Public B. Questionnaires for enrollments in public institutions of higher education according to race by State.. 101 C. Questionnaire for cooperative research program.. 102 D. Questionnaire requesting unofficial estimates of white and Negro enrollments _ _. 103 E. Questionnaire on college housing program. 104 F. Questionnaire on national defense foreign language fellowship program 104 105 H. Questionnaire on national defense counseling and guidance training institutes. 106 I. Ratios of school enrollment to population in specified age groups, by level of school, for the nonwhite population, by States, 1960 (Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census). J. Statistical summary by States: Total population, school-age population, and enrollment by grade group in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools. K. Discussion of availability of enrollment statistics by race. 108 112 113 L. Report from Department of Health, Education, and Welfare: The 114 M. Federal funds received for college housing program__ 116 N. Negro universities, colleges, and junior colleges in the United States__ 0. Cooperative research program 117 126 P. Impact aid and desegregation statistics listed for States_ 132 135 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL Hon. ADAM C. POWELL, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Chairman, Committee on Education and Labor, U.S. House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: The Ad Hoc Subcommittee on Integration in Federally Assisted Education is pleased to submit this report of its findings and recommendations for congressional action. On February 2, 1962, when you appointed this subcommittee, you asked that we study the extent to which there had been compliance to the Supreme Court decision ruling the unconstitutionality of segregated education. During the succeeding 3 months, the committee has given special attention to this problem in order to ascertain the extent of compliance to the Supreme Court decision and the amounts and percentages of Federal funds being expended in segregated schools. This report on activities and findings has been readied for May 17, 1962, the eighth anniversary of the Supreme Court decision ruling segregated education unconstitutional. In framing its method of investigation, the committee kept in mind. such questions as: What has happened in America's public schools and colleges since May 1954? Are the schools truly integrated? Have the States worked with all deliberate speed to achieve desegregation? Has the Federal Government contributed funds to schools and colleges which have violated the law of the land? Has there been equal protection of the law in elementary, secondary, or higher education? Have the problems of desegregation been nationwide or have they been concentrated in any geographic area of the country? What methods have been used by the States and school systems in complying with the Supreme Court order? What public laws and programs have been affected by the expenditure of Federal funds? In what areas are changes and improvements essential to further implement the May 1954 decision? Two major approaches were used in an effort to find answers to these and similar questions. First, 14 days of public hearings became the main source for citizen participation in the development of the findings, including experts in the field of education, human relations, anthropology, sociology, and political science who gave the subcommittee the benefit of their professional knowledge and experience. Second, a professional research staff utilizing a variety of techniques broadened the scope of the study by including nationwide participation. Various governmental agencies cooperated with the subcommittee during the course of its exploration. This cooperation consisted of making available professional personnel, records, files, and reports with specific reference to the problem. |