By the thirtynine articles.

(without any colour of diffimulation) teach manifeft open and declare, four times every year at the leaft, in their fermons and other collation and lectures, that ali ufurped and foreign power (forafmuch as the fame hath no establishment nor ground by the law of God) is for most juft caufes taken away and abolished, and that therefore no manner of obedience or fubjection within his majefty's realms and dominions is due unto any fuch foreign power; but that the king's power, within his realms of England Scotland and Ireland and all other his dominions and countries, is the higheft power under God, to whom all men, as well inhabitants as born within the fame, do by God's laws owe moft loyalty and obedience, afore and above all other powers and potentates in the earth.

Can. 2. Whoever fhall affirm, that the king's majefty hath not the fame authority in causes ecclesiastical, that the godly kings had amongst the jews and chriftian emperors of the primitive church, or impeach any part of his regal fupremacy in the faid caufes reftored to the crown, and by the laws of this realm therein established; let him be excommunicated ipfo facto, and not restored but only by the archbishop, after his repentance and publick revocation of thofe his wicked errors.

Can. 26. No perfon fhall be received into the ministry, nor admitted to any ecclefiaftical function, except he shall first fubfcribe (amongst others) to this article following: that the king's majesty under God is the only fupreme governor of this realm, and of all other his bighness's do minions and countries, as well in all fpiritual or ecclefiaftical things or caufes, as temporal; and that no foreign prince, perfon, prelate, ftate, or potentate hath or ought to have any jurifdiction, power, fuperiority, pre-eminence, or authority ecclefiaftical or spiritual, within his majesty's fid realms dominions and countries.

3. Art. 37. The queen's majefty hath the chief power in this realm of England, and other her dominions; unto whom the chief government of all eftates of this realm, whether they be ecclefiaftical or civil, in all caufes doth appertain; and is not, nor ought to be fubject, to any foreign jurifdiction. But when we attribute to the queen's majesty the chief government, we give not thereby to our princes the miniftring either of God's word, or of the facraments; but that only prerogative which we fee to have been given always to all godly princes in holy fcripture by God himself, that is, that they fhould rule all eftates and degrees committed to their charge by God, whether they

they be ecclefiaftical or temporal, and restrain with the civil fword the ftubborn and evil doers. The bishop of Rome hath no jurifdiction in this realm of England.

4. Albeit the king's majefty juftly and rightfully is and By act of parlia ought to be the fupreme head of the church of England, ment. and fo is recognifed by the clergy of this realm in their convo cations, yet nevertheless, for corroboration and confirmation thereof, and for the increase of virtue in Chrift's religion, and to reprefs all errors, herefies, and other enormities and abufes; it is enacted, That the king our fovereign lord, his heirs and fucceffors, kings of this realm, fhall be taken, accepted, and reputed the only fupreme head in earth of the church of England; and fhall have and enjoy, annexed to the imperial crown of this realm, as well the ftyle and title thereof, as all honours, dignities, preheminencies, jurifdictions, privileges, authorities, immunities, profits, and commodities, to the faid dignity of fupreme head of the fame church belonging and appertaining; and fhall have power from time to time to vifit, reprefs, redrefs, reform, order, correct, reftrain, and amend all fuch errors, herefies, abuses, offences, contempts, and enormities whatfoever they be, which by any manner of fpiritual authority or jurifdiction may lawfully be reformed, repreffed, ordered, redreffed, corrected, reftrained, or amended moft to the pleasure of Almighty God, the increafe of virtue in Chrift's religion, and for the confervation of the peace unity and tranquillity of this realm; any ufage, cuftom, foreign laws, foreign authority, prefcription, or any other thing to the contrary notwithstanding. 26 H. 8. c. T.

Recognised by the clergy of this realm in their convocations] Which recognition, after deliberation and debate in both houfes of convocation, was at length agreed upon in these words. ecclefice et cleri anglicani, cujus fingularem protectorem unicum, et fupremum dominum, et quantum per Chrifti legem licet, etiam fupremum caput ipfius majeftatem recognofcimus. Gibl. 23.

5.

Whereas the king hath heretofore been and is The king's style juftly and lawfully and notoriously known named publifhed and title. and declared, to be king of England France and Ireland, defender of the faith, and of the church of England and alfo of Ireland, in earth fupreme head and hath justly and lawfully ufed the title and name thereof; it is enacted, that all his majesty's fubjects fhall from henceforth accept and take the fame his majesty's ftyle, as it is declared and fet forth in manner and form following, viz. Henry the

eighth,

Penalty of deny.

Supremacy.

eighth, by the grace of God, king of England, (fince the union with Scotland, king of Great Britain,) France, and Ireland, defender of the faith, and of the church of England and alfo of Ireland in earth the fupreme head: and the said style fhall be for ever united and annexed to the imperial crown of this realm. 35 H. 8. c. 3.

Defender of the Faith] This title, altho' fometimes attributed to our kings before, yet was peculiarly and in a more folemn manner given to king Hen. 8, by pope Leo 10, for writing against Luther.

And of the church of England and alfo of Ireland in earth the fupreme head] Thefe are the words which feem to be understood, in the abbreviated ftyle of the king, as it is now ufually expreffed [defender of the faith, and jo forth].

6. By the 1 Ed. 6. c. 12. If any perfon fhall by open ing the king's preaching, exprefs words or fayings, affirm or fet forth, that the king is not or ought not to be fupreme head in earth of the church of England and Ireland, or any of them, immediately under God; or that the bifhop of Rome or any other person than the king of England for the time being is or ought to be by the laws of God fupreme head of the fame churches or of any of them; he, his aiders comforters abettors procurers and counfellors, fhail (on conviction by the oath of two witnesses or confeffion) for the first offence forfeit his goods and be imprisoned during the king's pleasure: for the fecond offence fhall forfeit his goods, and alfo the profits of his lands and fpiritual promotions during his life, and alfo be imprisoned during his life; and for the third offence fhall be guilty of high treafon. f. 6. 22.

And if any perfon fhall by writing, printing, overt deed -or act, affirm or fet forth, that the king is not or ought not to be fupreme head in earth of the church of England and Ireland, or of any of them, immediately under God; or that the b fhop of Rome, or any other perfon than the king of England for the time being, is or ought to be by the laws of God or otherwife, the fupreme head in earth of the fame churches or any of them; he (his aiders comforters abettors procurers and counsellors, fhall (on conviction by the oath of two witneffes or confeflion) be guilty of high treafon. f. 7. 22.

But no perfon fhall be profecuted for the faid offences by open preaching or wards only, but within thirty days after fuch preaching or speaking, if the accufers be within the realm during the faid thirty days; if not, then within

fix months after fuch preaching or words fpoken; and not otherwise.The accufation to be made to one

of the king's council, or to a juftice of affize, or a juftice of the peace being of the quorum, or to two juftices of the peace within the fhire where the offence was committed. 19.

But as to offences made treafon by this act, the fame is fo far repealed, by the 1 Mar. feff. 1. c. 1. which enacteth, that no offence made high treafon by act of parliament, fhall be adjudged high treafon, but only fuch as is expreffed in the ftatute of the 25 Ed. 3. But as to the reft this ftatute continueth in force.

But by the 1 El. c. 1. it is further enacted as followeth ; viz. that no foreign prince, perfon, prelate, ftate, or potentate fpiritual or temporal, fhall ufe enjoy or exercise any manner of power, jurifdiction, fuperiority, authority, preheminence or privilege, fpiritual or ecclefiaftical, within this realm or any other her majefty's dominions or countries; but the fame fhall be abolished thereout for ever any statute, ordinance, cuftom, conftitutions, or any other matter or caufe whatsoever to the contrary notwithstanding. f. 16.

And fuch jurifdictions, privileges, fuperiorities and preheminences fpiritual and ecclefiaftica!, as by any spiritual or ecclefiaftical power or authority have heretofore been, or may lawfully be exercifed or ufed for the vifitation of the ecclefiaftical state and perfons, and for reformation order and correction of the fame, and of all manner of errors herefies fchifms abuses offences contempts and enormities, thall for ever be united and annexed to the imperial crown of this realm

6.17.

And if any perfon fhall by writing, printing, teaching, preaching, express words, deed or act, advisedly maliciously and directly affirm, hold, ftand with, fet forth, maintain, or defend the authority, preheminence, power or jurifdiction, fpiritual or ecclefiaftical, of any foreign prince, prelate, perfon, ftate or potentate whatsoever, heretofore claimed ufed or ufurped within this realm or any other her majefty's dominions or countries; or fhall advisedly maliciously and directly put in ure or execute any thing, for the extolling, advancement, fetting forth, maintenance or defence of any fuch pretended or ufurped juris diction, power, preheminence and authority, or any part thereof; he, his abettors aiders procurers and counsellors, shall for the first offence forfeit all his goods, and if he hath not goods to the value of 201. he fhall also be impri

foned

Penalty of afSerting the pope's fupre macy.

Oath of fupre

macy.

foned for a year, and the benefices of every fpiritual perfon offending fhall alfo be void; for the fecond offence fhall incur a præmunire; and for the third fhall be guilty of high treafon. f. 27 30.

But no perfon fhall be molefted for any offence committed only by preaching, teaching, or words, unless he be indicted within one half year after the offence committed. f. 31.

And no perfon fhall be indicted or arraigned but by the oath of two or more witneffes: which witneffes, or fo many of them as fhall be living, and within the realm at the time of the arraignment, fhall be brought face to face before the party arraigned if he require the fame.. f. 37.

7. If any perfon fhall by writing, cyphering, printing, preaching, or teaching, deed or act, advisedly and wittingly, hold or ftand with, to extol, fet forth, maintain or defend the authority jurifdiction or power of the bishop of Rome or of his fee, heretofore claimed ufed or ufurped within this realm or in any of her majefty's dominions; or by any speech, open deed or act, advisedly and wittingly attribute any fuch manner of jurifdiction authority or preheminence to the faid fee of Rome or to any bishop of the fame fee for the time being; he, his abettors procurers and counfellors, his aiders affiftants and comforters, upon purpose and to the intent to fet forth, further, and extol the faid ufurped power, being indicted or prefented within one year, and convicted at any time after, shall incur a præmunire. 5 El. c. 1. f. 2.

And the juftices of affize, or two juftices of the peace (one whereof to be of the quorum) in their 'feffions, may inquire thereof, and fhall certify the prefentment into the king's bench in forty days, if the term be then open; if not, at the first day of the full term next following the faid forty days on pain of 100 l. S. 3.

And the juftices of the king's bench, as well upon fuch certificate as by inquiry before themfelves, fhall proceed thereupon as in cafes of præmunire. f. 4.

But charitable giving of reafonable alms to an offender, without fraud or covin, fhall not be deemed abetting procuring, counselling, aiding, affifting, or comforting. f. 18.

8. The papal incroachments upon the king's fovereignty in caufes and over perfons ecclefiaftical, yea even in matters civil under that loofe pretence of in ordine ad fpiritualia, had obtained a great ftrength and long con

tinuance