both are now bishops in different branches of the vineyard, to wit Emmaus and St. David's. He of Emmaus wanted to make a sermon declaring the duties of man and wife, instead of telling us not to be 'afraid with any amazement.' But my wife's father would not allow of 'a human composition.' But we had a human composition at my Kate's wedding the other day, and a mighty fine composition it was, from Hunt, whom you will have met at Trinity Monday. Our bishop did the other part. But about Emmaus, to say nothing of Patterson's non-residence, can a place so near to Jerusalem need a bishop of its own?

TO PROFESSOR IHNE.

Somerleaze, July 30, 1880.

The Czechs are a nuisance. I think I could draw a map as I should like to see things, but for them. Of course I, standing outside both, don't take as Gospel either all that you say or all that the Beamish boys say. I think I can see that it would be better, if either element were a good bit stronger than it is.

It is a truth, though it would not do to preach upon housetops, that-politically speaking, not morally-if you go into other people's countries at all, you should eat them clean up, as we did the Brets here. Then they give no more trouble; if you do it by halves, they bother you. The most wonderful thing is, how you, that is some of you, Pauli and others, first ate the Prussians up, and then took their name. To be sure we do something the same, when some of us call ourselves Britons. To be sure some Brets are left in Bretland (as you have left some Wends in Lusatia1), of whom is John Rhys, Professor of Celtic, who, going in for Slaves elsewhere, holds that the Beamish boys ought to knock under to the Germans.

My wrath against the K. K. concern is the hotter, because they stole my maps of Dalmatia, which I was sending to Arthur Evans for his revision. After stealing the originals, it doubtless seemed natural to steal (Archdukes call it 'convey') the picture. But do you really believe that Austrian rule is 1 See Historical Geography, pp. 199, 475. P

VOL. II.

doing any good in Bosnia? Have you not seen Arthur's article in Fortnightly?

... I have read through the first book of Livy and several chapters of Mommsen as my beginning-Can I get to Charles the Great by December? I can't stop before. 'Twas Arnold's point, and after much thought I am sure it is the right one.

TO MISS MACARTHUR.

Somerleaze, Wells, September 7, 1880.

I have been up north as far as Bamburgh since you wrote, that was in July. Since then we have had our Archaeological meeting at Glastonbury, where I think I fared pretty well as President. Only there is a certain anxiety in having to be always ready to make a little speech over a big cheese, an ex M.P., the Mayor of Glastonbury, and such like small subjects. It is more stirring when a parson tells you that he has not so many as twelve 'respectable people' in his parish. We had a house-full, or more than full, as Thomas and Katharine took in some at the vicarage. There were G. T. Clark, Dawkins, Fowler, J. Parker, Barnwell, and also Edith. The other Thompsons came and took me away to Dulverton. Before that we had Algernon Bathurst, son of my antecessor. He and Edith and Dawkins disputed much on the question whether life is worth living. Edith maintains that, at any rate, if as Dawkins told us, the heroes who were buried in tumps went on doing exactly the same as they had done before, it would seem that death was not worth dying.

... September 12. I have written a good bit in the regenerate P. M. G. mainly O. N., but a few longer things, specially a review of Hodgkin's Italy and her Invaders. I did mention you to somebody, but I am not clear whether it was to Morley or to H. Y. Thompson before Morley was made editor. The story of the change in politics is very droll. That plaguy Historical Geography is about done, saving the

1 Pall Mall Gazette, which had changed editors.

2 Occasional notes.

maps, which still hang about. I see them with Margaret's eyes; so I shall be sadly put about if she is called away before I have done.

To W. C. STILLMAN, ESQ.

Somerleaze, September 12, 1880.

Your Austrian article and mine came, I think, well together, as they got to nearly the same points by such different roads. I think I can understand Bismarck's position. First, he does not want, at present at least, to cumber himself with all the Catholic population of Tyrol, Salzburg, Austria, &c. &c. Secondly, it is much finer for him personally to have Francis Joseph, Count, Duke, King, sham-Emperor, and what not, bowing down to him cap in hand, than simply to annex Austria, &c. Thirdly, there is a Dutch dislike to the Slaves, strong though not so strong as the Ogre dislike, which is pleased to keep a quasi-Dutch master over them-though there must be mighty little real Dutchdom in the man from Lorraine. I wanted mainly to teach people to avoid the confusion by which F. J. and the whole K. K.1 imposture lives-talking of 'Austria' as if it were a word of the same meaning as France or Germany.

1

There is in the Manchester Guardian of yesterday a letter from Corfu describing the people as lukewarm, both there and in the lands which it is proposed to set free. The last are said to dread centralization and increase of taxes. This I can believe. Greece struck me as topheavy with Athens. But then I have a natural hatred to capitals-I have long wished to pull down London, Paris, Berlin, and (though not a capital) New York, in the general interest of mankind, and in the special interest of the nations more immediately concerned. To this list, from all I hear, I ought to add St. Petersburg. I should be sorry to have to add Athens. One man that I met in Ithaca, or more truly an Ithacan whom I met at Athens, is now Greek consul in Cyprus, and writes gloomily of things there.

Kaiser König.

TO THE REV. DR. ALLON.

Somerleaze, September 12, 1880.

Why on earth, if you were coming into these parts, did you not tell me, and come and tarry here, and do your Wells, Cheddar, and Glastonbury from hence, a much more natural centre than Clevedon? You knew that I was here, or likely to be so; I could not guess that you were at Clevedon. And truly, if you did Wells, Cheddar, and Glastonbury in one day, you could not have seen much of any of them, and could not have had much time left to come to me here. How much wiser, therefore, to have told me beforehand. But you London folk are beyond helping; you never know how to do anything, least of all to find out where places are. A London man always expects that, if I go to Normandy, I must needs go to London, knowing not of such havens as Weymouth and Hampton, Cherbourg, and Havre-de-Grace. You would all stare to be told that there is a direct route from Scotland to Spain, without going anywhere near London or Paris.

Are not you encamped on a volcano? I am very much till Dulcigno and Iôannina are settled, and their settlement will, of course, call for the settlement of something else. Gladstone, I hold, keeps to the work bravely. It is glorious to see him leading Europe, even the wretched Francis Joseph having to follow, biting his Ogrish nails as he comes. Only how much better if Waddington had stayed in, so that we might have had two legs to stand on instead of one only. I dare say you have thought more of home matters than I have. I have a general notion that hares, rabbits, Turks, Jews, and Irish landlords would be well got rid of, and I trust Gladstone for doing something towards it. But I wish he was not cumbered with so many heavy earls.

TO THE REV. W. R. W. STEPHENS.

Somerleaze, December 6, 1880.

I abhor myself for not having sooner answered your letter or thanked you for the one-volume-I was very near irreverently writing one-horse-Life'. That photograph at the 1 A one-volume edition of the Life of Dean Hook.

beginning is exactly like him. I see you have found room for some letters to me towards the end. I have been looking a bit at the Life of the late Samuel1. There is nothing in it like (December 12) the fun of the Dean's life. People had some fun in the eleventh century-or I should lead a poor life of it-see Osbern's letter to Anselm 2.

What J.

... I look back to your letter of October 26. S. B. is a great friend of J. himself has believed or disbelieved since his High Church days passed away I have never exactly been able to make out. But I should fancy that, whatever S. B. believes or disbelieves, he does it more earnestly than J. But I know that J. hates Unitarians, saying that they are at least as dogmatic and intolerant with their short creed as the Pope can be with his longer one. They have sometimes puzzled me. My late friend, W. A. Jones (who was first Rev. W. A. J., Unitarian Minister, and then W. A. J. Esq., Justice of the Peace, but who never quite put on the latter character;-there was something in his coat &c. which showed that he had preached), used to say prayers in his household which it seemed to me that Liddon might have used, and his hymn book had hymns which I should have thought he would have thought idolatrous. He certainly held Christ to be a mere man, son of Joseph and Mary; yet the hymns were very like prayers. I should have thought that, to deserve the name of Christian, a man need not be strictly orthodoxor what do we with Ulfilas ?—but that he must do something more than 'admire, respect, or even reverence the character and teaching of Christ.' Every intelligent Mussulman must do that and more; for he must acknowledge Christ as a divinely commissioned teacher, the greatest of such teachers till Mahomet came. But the Mussulman is not a Christian: for he lets Mahomet depose Christ from the first place. I would count as Christian-perhaps only in a kind of secondary sense -every one who held Christ to be the greatest and last of

1 Bishop Wilberforce.

2 See Reign of William Rufus, i. 374, and ii. Appendix Y.

* The Apostle of the Goths in the fourth century, who was a semiArian.