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civilization in an illustrious but long suffering country. They have been the favored agents in repaying, to some extent, the debt the whole world owes to the ancestors of the existing Hellenic race. To only a few among the greatest benefactors of mankind, has such an opportunity been afforded; still fewer have had the wisdom given them from on high to turn such an opportunity to account. They started right, and they have made no mistake; - and now, as the evening of life begins to descend upon them, they are surrounded by the blessed results of their long labors. I am not much disposed to envy others; but I confess I do envy them the happiness they must feel in the consciousness not only of duty faithfully performed, but of great ends successfully achieved. They shall find their exceeding great reward, when the Master, whom they have obeyed, shall receive them with the welcoming words, "Well done, good and faithful servants."

I return for a moment to the subject of public education, for the sake of adding a few particulars in reference to the higher institutions, which are supported by the government and by the benefactions of private persons and societies. I have already stated that the schools are graded upward to the University. Young men who have passed regularly through the studies of the gymnasia, are admitted to the University without examination; all others are examined. The University was organized in the year 1836, and the chairs, or many of them, were filled by German professors. The Board of Instruction is divided into four Faculties: Law, Medicine, Theology and Philoso

phy. Instruction is given by lectures, as in the German Universities, and degrees are conferred only after a severe examination, the results of which are officially published. At present the number of students in all the departments is nearly six hundred ; and the number of professors, forty-two. Since the adoption of the Constitution of 1843, the chairs have been filled by native Greeks. Take the present body of professors as a whole, I do not think they are anywhere surpassed, for learning, zeal in their callings, and the ability with which they expound to large audiences, the subjects of their several departments. Professor Asopios, on account of his great age, has retired from active duties; but I had the pleasure of listening, in 1853-4, to a course of lectures by him on Homer, which united the profound and accurate learning of a German, to the vivacity of a native Greek, and the inspiring consciousness that he was the countrymen of the poet whose works he was explaining to enthusiastic young men of the same great lineage. Professor Philippos Johannis delivers courses on moral philosophy. He is a man of singular intellectual clearness ; and this quality is beautifully manifested in his lectures which are listened to with great attention by crowds of earnest hearers. I am glad to hear that both of these eminent men are likely soon to be placed in the Senate by the King. It is a distinction they well deserve; and their appointment will do honor to his Majesty's good sense, as well as contribute to the public welfare. Professor Kontogones, of the Theological department,- the gentleman whose pockets were spared a rifling by the robbers, is a biblical

scholar of great acquirements, and an able and eloquent teacher. In the Law Department, Professor Pericles Argyropoulos, one of the first lawyers of Greece, and one of the most eminent citizens for public and private virtue, delivers lectures on several branches of the Law, and is justly considered one of the main pillars of the University.* Professor Paparrhegopoulos is an eloquent writer and lecturer on history; and Orphanides is distinguished in Botany, in which he has made large and important collections; but he also amuses the intervals of scientific toil by paying not unsuccessful court to the Muses. He has more than once gained the prize in the poetical competition established about ten years ago, by a wealthy Greek. Since my first visit to Greece, in 1853, several very able professors have died. I recall the lectures of Mr. Manouses on history, and of Mr. Benthyllos on Greek poetry, with a melancholy pleasure. They were strong men and distinguished scholars. Mr. Manouses was ardent and eloquent. He defended the character of the Greeks, and the genuineness of their Hellenic descent, with unanswerable arguments. His lecture-room was thronged; and when he touched upon these topics, in answer to the paradoxes of

* Since this lecture was delivered I am grieved to hear that this distinguished man has died. A painful disease made a surgical operation necessary; he calmly and courageously submitted, but the suffering and exhaustion cost him his life a few days after it was performed. By his death, the University has suffered an irreparable loss; the country is deprived of one of its noblest citizens; and the Legislative Assembly, to which he had been recently elected as member for the University, of an enlightened friend of constitutional liberty.

Fallmereyer, the excitement of his audience could not be repressed. To me, it was a curious and interesting scene; a native Greek Professor, proving in pure Greek, to an enthusiastic body of young Greeks, that they were really descended from their Greek

ancestors.

Mr. Alexander R. Rangabes is another man of distinguished qualities. He is a scholar of various acquirements, a learned lecturer, a speaker of ready eloquence, a voluminous and polished writer, both in verse and prose, and a student of exemplary industry. He is still in middle life, and many years of brilliant performance may still be anticipated for him.

I have mentioned only a few of the many estimable men connected with the University of Athens. They are those with whom I had the most intercourse, and of whom I can therefore speak with personal knowledge. The salaries of these gentlemen are granted by the government, the students paying no fees. The compensation is very moderate, and many of them, like the Professors in Harvard College, are obliged to supply the deficiencies of their incomes by labors outside of the University. This state of things has attracted the attention of the friends of education in the capital. When a plan was lately prepared by the minister of instruction, to add many more professors, a pamphlet was published containing strictures on the new regulations and the condition of teachers in Greece.* The writer of this very sensible tract says

* Περὶ τοῦ νέου κανονισμοῦ τοῦ Πανεπιστημίου καὶ τῆς Τυχῆς τῶν ἐν ̔Ελλάδι διδασκόντων, Κρίσεις τινές.

>Αθήνησι, 1860.

upon this point-and his remarks are applicable elsewhere than in Greece: "Many of our scholars have been educated very thoroughly in the European establishments, and gave great hopes to their teachers that they would prove to be distinguished promoters of learning in their own country; because they have natural ability and learning. Returning, however, to their native land, they have been forgotten, like others before them. Why? Because they suffer what is suffered by a plant transferred from a rich and well-watered soil, to a dry, sterile and rocky one. One of these scholars comes out of the European schools bringing fresh in his mind the ideas of science, and in his trunk a few books; he remains a long time starving, or he receives an appointment in some provincial school, where, on account of the condition of things, he soon becomes what he was before he went to Europe; or if more fortunate, he is introduced to the gymnasia of the capital, or even to the University, after many efforts, receiving a salary merely sufficient to live on himself. And if he should not happen to marry, he lives, having only what is absolutely necessary for subsistence. But he can neither procure books, nor periodical publications, nor the other necessary aids to scientific pursuits, because his salary is not sufficient. But if, by bad luck, being poor and without resources, he should marry and have children, then, in order to support them, if he is a teacher, he seeks to earn something by private lessons in private schools, teaching from morning to evening; if he is a lawyer, he runs to the courts; if a physician, to the sick." The dis

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