R. B. Dando, M. D., and furniture dealer, is a native of N. Y.; moved to Dubuque county, la., in 1838; thence to Alta in 1873, and engaged in the practice of medicine. The Doctor is the owner of some valuable patents. He engaged in the furniture business in 1881.

G. Gerner, dealer in general hardware, is a native of Pa.; came to Iowa in 1877, and engaged in farming near Alta. In 1880 he moved into the town, and engaged in business as above.

L. J. Harvey, M. D., is a native of Ohio. He began the practice of medicine is 1866; moved to Iowa in 1870, and opened office in Storm Lake. He came to Alta in Feb., 1882, and is already enjoying a lucrative practice.

Chester Hunt, dealer in sewing machines and musical merchandise, is a native of Pa.; moved to Story county, Ia., in 1861; thence to Buena Vista county in 1868. He built the first house in Nokomus township. In 1881 he came to Alta and engaged in business as above.

Dr. W. Kamp, jeweler, was one of the first to locate at Alta. He began the practice of medicine, and has since engaged in the jewelry business.

G. S. Kendall, proprietor of billiard hall, was born in Ill.; moved to Hamilton county, Ia., in 1855. In 1857 he came to Alta, and engaged in his present business.

R. J. Macdonald, of the firm of Macdonald & Prue, dealers in general merchandise, was born in Washington, D. C.; moved to Ind. in 1845; thence to Ill. in 1857; thence to Iowa. He soon after returned to Indiana, and was for several years employed by the Wood's Reaper Co., as traveling agent. In 1880 he came to Alta, and engaged in business as above.

William M. Reeder, furniture dealer, is a native of Ohio; in 1855 he settled in Johnson county, Ia., and engaged in contracting and building. In 1870 he moved to Storm Lake. His wife now deceased- -was the first white woman to locate there. He came to Alta in 1879, and engaged in business as above.

T. O. & C. J. Wiss, dealers in clothing, boots and shoes, also grain and stock, are natives of Sweden; came to America in 1869, and settled in Chicago, Ill. They moved to Iowa in 1875, and engaged in the hardware business. In Aug., 1881, they engaged in business as above.

NEWELL.

H. O. Austin, manager of J. H. James' harness shop at Newell. The firm carries a complete line of harness, saddles, whips, robes, blankets, etc. This is a branch of Mr. James' large establishment at Sac City, and was established in March, 1880, with Mr. Austin as manager.

Ball & Brooks, physicians and druggists, established drug business Jan. 1st, 1882. They occupy and own a brick building, two stories high, and carry a large stock of drugs, fancy and toilet articles, stationery, cigars, etc. They employ W. J. Kilingbeck, who is a registered pharmacist. Dr. J. H. Ball graduated from the Keokuk Medical College in 1880, and engaged in the practice of medicine at Newell. Dr. J. M. Brooks, also of Keokuk, commenced the practice of medicine in March, 1881. His office is over the store.

W. H. Borman, of the firm of Swezey & Borman, dealers in lumber, lime, paint, etc., was born in Franklin county, O., in 1850. In 1869 he came with his parents to Sac county, Ia., and the following year he pre-empted land in Buena Vista county, six miles north of Newell. In 1876 he entered the employ of L. T. Swezey, and in Jan., 1880, became a partner. Mr. B. conducts the above business, whieh is situated near the depot. He was elected mayor in 1881. Mr. Swezey is proprietor of an extensive hardware establishment.

O. A. Cate, dealer in general merchandise, formerly of Sherbrook, Quebec, Canada, came to Newell and engaged in his present business in partnership with his brother, C. W. In Feb., 1882, he became sole proprietor. His store is in Harris & Parker's block, on Fulton street. He employs two salesmen.

William Conley, of the firm of Conley & Watt, proprietors of the Newell livery, feed and sale barn, came to Newell in 1877 from Sac county, where he had been engaged in farming for ten years. He formed a partnership with L. S. Watt, and engeged in his present business. They occupy a barn on First street; have accommodations for sixty horses; keep for livery purposes eight teams and nine buggies and carriages. They are proprietors of the hack line between Newell and Sac City, and make daily trips, carrying the mails. Mr. C. was appointed city marshal in March, 1881. Mr. Watt came to Sac county in 1860 from Ohio. He was engaged in farming until Aug., 1881.

C. Dillon, dealer in general hardware, came to Buena Vista county, Ia., in 1877, from Delaware county. He engaged in farming for four years; then moved to Newell, and purchased the business of L. T. Swezey. He owns the building he occupies on Fulton st.; carries a complete stock of hardware, tinware, stoves, etc., and employs one tinner.

Ellis Bros., proprietors of restaurant, confectionery, billiard parlor and barber shop; established business in Oct., 1881. They came to Newell in May, 1874, from Green county, Wis., and engaged in farming, alo contracting and building, previous to estab¬ lishing their present business.

Hon. L. H. Gordon, dealer in lumber and coal, came to Newell, Ia., from Dubuque where he had been engaged in manufacturing doors, sash and blinds. He was burned out in August, 1870, and

the same year came to this city, and engaged in business as above. He represented this district in the 17th general assembly, session of 1877 and 1878. He was the first mayor of Newell, and served

two years.

Harris & Parker, bankers, brokers and dealers in real estate. The business was established in 1871, under the firm name of Condron & Harris. In 1873, S. A. Parker purchased Mr. Condron's interest, thus forming the present firm. They own and occupy a brick building, thoroughly fitted with fire proof vault, etc. They own valuable town property, and about 3,500 acres of real estate throughout the county. H. E. Harris came to Newell from N. H. in 1871. Mr. Parker moved from Quebec, Canada, to Newport, Vt., thence to this city.

L. F. Holbrook, proprietor of the Northwestern flouring mills, of Newell, Ia., was formerly of Vt. He engaged in his present business in 1878. The mills were built by J. B. Thomas in 1871, and were purchased by L. H. Gordon & Co., who sold to the present owner. The mills have a forty-five horse power engine, and a capacity of fifty barrels per day.

C. Everett Lee, proprietor of the Newell Mirror, which was established June 15th, 1875, by W. White, who sold it to B. C. Hull in Dec., 1878. It was afterwards purchased by J. N. Miller, editor of the Sac Sun, who sold it to the present owner in July, 1881. The Mirror is the county official paper, republican in politics, is an eight-column folio, and has a circulation of about five hundred. Mr. Lee was born in Schoharie county, N. Y., in 1846; moved to Sac county, Ia., in 1862. He served during the war of the rebellion in the 10th Ia. Vol. Inft. In 1876 he came to Newell, Buena Vista county.

Thomas Mankey, wagon-maker and blacksmith, came to Newell from Mineral Pt., Wis., in Aug., 1879, and established business as above. He owns and occupies a building on Second st., and employs two men.

F. P. Mack, postmaster and dealer in stationery and news, came to Newell in 1870 from Alden, Hardin county. His wife is a milliner, and carries a large and well selected stock of goods; occupies same store-room with the postoffice.

Norton & Welch, dealers in general merchandise and grain, are also proprietors of the Newell creamery. J.T. Norton and John R. Welch comprise the firm, which was established in 1878. Their mercantile business is in Union Block, and occupies a room twentyfour by one hundred feet, which is well filled with general merchandise, and necessitates the employment of three salesmen. The creamery was established in 1881, and has a capacity for making two thousand pounds of butter per day.

H. M. & J. T. Redfield, of the firm of Redfield Bros., dealers in grain, live stock, agricultural implements and coal, came from Oswego, N. Y., to Newell in 1872, and the following year established their present business. They own two elevators, with a combined capacity of ten thousand bushels; office and warehouse, on First st. They handle all the leading manufacturers' goods.

W. E. & G. H. Riddell, of the firm of Riddell Bros., dealers in general merchandise, established business in Aug., 1879, in the Swezey block, corner of Fulton and Second sts. They have a butter and egg packing department in the basement, and there employ one man. W. E. Riddell was formerly engaged in business at Manchester; G. H. was formerly with Field, Leiter & Co., of Chicago.

W. H. Stott, proprietor of the City meat market, was born in Philadelphia, Pa. He moved to Fairfax, Va.; remained one year; then returned to Pa., where he resided until 1868, when he moved to Iowa and located near Fonda, Calhoun county. In 1871 he came. to Newell, and engaged in business as above; has also been engaged in the livery business here. He keeps a first-class market, and employs two men. Mr. S. has been marshal of Newell two years, and a member of the city council. During the war of the rebellion he served in the 110th Inft., and was twice wounded.

William Wart, of the firm of W. Wart & Son, dealers in general merchandise, came to Buena Vista county, Ia., in 1869, from N. Y. He purchased land, and has been actively engaged in farming ever since. He owns 440 acres of land, four miles east of Newell, which is well improved and stocked. He has been a member of the board of supervisors for several years. The store is in Union block, on the corner of Fulton & Second sts. They carry a large and well selected stock of goods. The business is conducted by T. A. Wart, the junior member of the firm.

CRAWFORD COUNTY.

The county of Crawford is twenty-four miles north and south by thirty east and west. It contains twenty Congressional townships, or a superficial area of 720 square miles, and lies on the Western Slope, the second county east from the Missouri River, in the fifth tier from the northern and southern boundaries of the State. It is well watered by running streams, the largest of which is the Boyer River, which traverses the county diagonally from northeast to south west, entering five miles west of the northeast corner, and passing out three miles east of the southeast corner. East Boyer River, its most important tributary, enters Crawford from Carroll County, flows in a southwesterly direction, and unites with the main stream at Denison, a little southeast of the center of the county. Other important tributaries of the Boyer are Dunham's, Walnut, Ernst, Buss, Welsh, Paradise, Buffalo, Otter, Boone, Coon and Buck Creeks. The Nishnabotany River and Williams Creek, with their several branches, water the southeastern portion of the county. Soldier River, which crosses the northwestern corner, receives a large number of tributaries, among which may be mentioned Beaver Creek. A branch called East Soldier also passes through the northwestern part of the county, with a by no means inconsiderable tributary called Spillman Creek. Willow River waters a considerable portion of one township in the southwestern part of the county. All of the above streams are small, with the exception of the Boyer River, but all afford an abundance of water for stock throughout every season of the year. In a number of places fine springs are found, and good well water is obtained at moderate depths. The water of the running streams is excellent for drinking and domestic uses, and is usually clear and cold.

The finest groves of timber are on the Boyer and East Boyer Rivers, a number of groves being scattered along some of the smaller streams, however. The largest body of timber in the county is Mason's Grove, beginning about five miles northeast of Denison. This grove includes about 2,000 acres along the east side of the Boyer River. Dunham's Grove, on the East Boyer, six miles east of Denison, contains about 300 acres of timber, among which is a quantity of black walnut. In other parts of the county are groves of good timber, principally on or near the Boyer River. The timber lands of the county aggregate about sixteen sections, or 10,240 acres-about one acre of timber to each fortyfive feet of prairie. The following varieties are included: Black oak, burr oak, black walnut, black and white hickory, linn, hack