to Mo.; thence to Clarence, Cedar county, Ia., and engaged in the lumber business. In 1873 he came to Crawford county and bought 200 acres of land, and established his present business at Vail. He married Agnes Ferguson, a native of Scotland, in 1860. They have had four children, three of which died in 1877. Robert is engaged on the railroad.

WEST SIDE.

W. N. Becker, Jr., editor of the West Side Dispatch, established the paper in April, 1881. It is republican in politics, and already has a large circulation.

L. L. Bond, M. D., was born in Va.; moved to Wis. in 1848 with his parents. He began the study of medicine in 1865, and graduated from the Rush Medical College in the class of '70. He first began the practice of his profession in Clinton county, Ia., and in 1875 came to West Side.

Henry Greves, proprietor of livery stable and sample room, was born in Germany in 1849; came to America in 1869, and settled in Clinton county, Ia. He engaged in his present business at West Side in 1878.

C. Haldane, attorney at law, is a native of England; came to America in 1873 and located in Crawford county, la, where he engaged extensively in farming. In 1877 he moved to Carroll, and began the practice of the law. Two years later, he opened an office at West Side.

E. C. Haywood, dealer in grain and stock, also agent for the Iowa Land Company, was born in England in 1841; came to America in 1852 and settled in Clinton county, Ia., where he engaged in farming, also dealing in stock and machinery. He came to West Side in 1875, and in 1881 engaged in business as above.

Albert Johnson, wagon-maker, is a native of Sweden; came to America in 1872 and engaged in wagon manufacturing, at Chicago, Came to Iowa in 1875 and engaged in present business; also has a branch establishment at Manning.

C. H. Langbehn, proprietor of Farmers' House and billiard hall, is a native of Germany; came to America in 1864 and settled in Clinton county, Ia. In 1880 he came to West Side, and engaged in business as above.

E. D. Mereness, foreman in I. B. Nelson's flouring mill, is a native of N. Y.; moved to Mich. in 1864; afterwards went to Chicago, where he was employed in the Oriental flouring mills. In 1870 he went to the Pacific coast and remained six years, then located at West Side, and has since been employed as above.

C. E. Miller, banker, was born in Boone county, Ia., in 1855; moved with parents to Ill. in 1858 and returned to Ia. in 1874. He engaged in the drug business and studied medicine, which he

practiced at Arcadia for three years. In 1878 he came to West Side and engaged in the drug business, until 1880, at which time he became proprietor of the Exchange Bank.

J. H. C. Peters, of the firm of Peters & Suhr, lumber dealers, was born in Holstein, Ger., in 1846; came to America in 1870 and settled in Clinton county, Ia. He was engaged for several years as carpenter and builder in Chicago and various places in Neb. and Ia. In March, 1881, he located at West Side and engaged in business as above.

John Rohwer, dealer in general merchandise, is a native of Germany; came to America in 1871 and settled in Clinton county, Ia.; came to West Side in 1875, and in 1880 engaged in business as above.

W. L. Spottswood, postmaster, was born in Pa.; moved to Clinton county. Ia., in 1866 and engaged in the harness business. He moved to Harrison county; thence, in 1875, to West Side, and engaged in harness making. Was appointed postmaster in 1877.

R. B. Taylor, of the firm of Taylor & Johnson, dealers in general hardware, is a native of Ill.; moved to Ames, la., in 1869, and engaged in the mercantile business. He came to West Side in 1874, engaged in the drug business, and is now a member of the above named firm.

Walz Bros., proprietors of the meat market, are natives of Germany. A. W. Walz came to America in 1869, and his brother came the next year. They located in O.; removed to Ill.; thence to Arcadia, Ia., and engaged in farming and stock raising; came to West Side in 1881, and engaged as above.

DOW CITY.

W. Beatty, M. D., is a native of Canada; came to Iowa in 1880 and located at Dow City; engaged in the practice of medicine. He is a graduate of Toronto University and graduated from Trinity College in the class of '80.

S. E. Dow, of the firm of Dow, Graves & Co., dealers in lumber, grain, stock and farm machinery, was born in N. H.; moved to Mich. in 1832 and engaged in the mercantile business. In 1852 he moved to Harrison county, Ia.; thence to Crawford county in 1855, and located near the present site of Dow City, In 1864 he moved into the city and engaged in stock and grain business.

W. C. Hillas, dealer in general merchandise, was born in St. Albans, Vt. He went to sea when quite young and followed sailing for eighteen years. In 1860, he went to California, where he remained ten years, and then located at Dunlap, Ia., where he engaged in business with his brother. He came to Dow City in 1875 and engaged in business as above. He has a very fine store and carries a large and complete stock.

M. B. Lewis, postmaster and druggist, is a native of Canada; came to the states in 1863 and located at Red Wing, Minn., in 1865. In 1874 he came to Dow City and engaged in the drug business. Was appointed postmaster in 1879.

W. H. Morton, proprietor of the Dow City House, is a native of Ohio; moved to Rock county, Wis., in 1853; thence to Freeport, Iil., where he engaged in milling. He next moved to Linn county, Ia., and came to Dow City in 1879 and engaged as above. He intends building a new hotel during the spring of 1882.

T. J. Rasp, of the firm of T. J. Rasp & Co., dealers in general merchandise, is a native of Canada; came to Iowa in 1848 and settled near Davenport. He came to Dow City in 1875 and was employed as book-keeper by Dow, Graves & Co., until engaging in business as above in 1881.

W. V. Whaley, of the firm of Whaley & Bell, proprietors of the meat market and provision store, is a native of Ohio; came to Dow City, Ia., in 1874 and engaged in the stock business. 1879 he entered his present business.

In

C. M. Wilder, proprietor of restaurant, was born in Ohio; moved to Iowa in 1854 and settled in Clayton county. In 1865 he came to Dow City and engaged in teaching until 1881, when he engaged in business as above.

CARROLL COUNTY.

This county, which is twenty-four miles square, and contains sixteen congressional or land survey townships, is the third east of the Missouri River, and in the fifth tier of counties, both from the northern and southern boundary of the State.

Carroll is emphatically a prairie county, the entire portion being composed of a gently undulating surface sufficiently rolling to break the monotonous sameness of the level plain, while to the westward of the Middle Raccoon River, the surface is more broken and uneven, in many places rising into hills of considerable prominence. The great watershed dividing the waters which flow into the Mississippi from those which flow into the Missouri passes through this county, and at the highest point is 858 feet above Lake Michigan and 800 feet above the Mississippi River at ClinFrom this summit can be obtained a fine view of the surrounding country, extending in every direction as far as the eye can reach. On the east and on the southeast is seen in the distance the rich, fertile valley of the Raccoon River, on the south the unsurpassingly lovely country surrounding the Nishnabotny, and on the west the magnificent vale through which flows the Boyer. All of which in a clear summer's day afford scenery at once grand, beautiful and picturesque.

ton.

Being situated upon the great dividing ridge or watershed, this county is watered and drained mostly by small streams which flow both into the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers. The largest stream is the North Raccoon, which cuts across the northeast corner of the county, while the next two in importance are the Middle Raccoon and Brushy Fork, which take their rise in the watershed divide in the northwest, and flowing nearly parallel from four to six miles apart in a southeast direction, make their exit near the southeast corner of the county. Storm Creek, a tributary of the Middle Raccoon drains a large tract in the northern-central as does the Willow Creek in the eastern border. The North Raccoon is deeply excatated into the drift deposit, and its valley is bordered by rather steep acclivities from seventy to one hundred feet in height, while the Middle Raccoon is bordered on the west by high bluffs capped slopes, and on the east by drift hills, which gain the interior heights by more gradual ascents. Brushy Fork possesses a beautiful valley with gentle acclivities on either side, as does the East Nishnabotany and Boyer River and Whitted's Creek, which are on the west side of the watershed divide. The upper course of all of these streams are little more than diminutive prairie brooks, with gravelly beds, and clear, rapid currents, many of those having

their headwaters in the great divide interlocking, as it were, being separated by a narrow crest as sharply defined as a gable ridge. Springs issue from the gravel deposits along these water courses, furnishing them with an abundant supply of limpid, pure water at all seasons of the year. East of the Middle Raccoon River wells are easily obtained, while in the uplands west of that stream, those seeking water must go to a much greater depth, though the certainty of finding a never-failing supply is just as good.

In a shallow depression or plain below Carrolton, on the east side of the Middle Raccoon, several interesting spring mounds occur, which have excited much attention and are described as follows by Dr. White, in the Iowa State Geology: The plain is thirty or forty feet above the present level of the river, from which it is separated by a well-defined drift ridge, which, in places, rises into considerable knob-like eminences from one hundred to one hundred and fifty feet above the streams. The plain, however, communicates with the valley both above and below, and was probably once the channel of the river. The spring mounds are situated along an irregular line more, or less in the middle of the depression; they are from four to six feet in height and as many yards in diameter, and are apparently entirely composed of vegetable matter, forming a peaty deposit which is largely mixed with the exuviæ of shells and other animal remains. The crests of the mounds are covered with tall, rank flag or marsh grass, but upon the sides are usually two well marked bands of short herbage and moss encircling the mounds and separated by a narrow belt of tall grass. The deposit of the vegetation upon these places is exceedingly interesting, though the mounds themselves, doubtless, owe their origin to the existence of pools of water, indicating more or less accurately, the course of the former water channel, and which, being fed from higher sources, the tendency is what we observe-a gradual building up of a peaty formation. The surface of the plain beyond the limits of the mounds is perfectly level, and the deposit consists of decayed vegetable matter mixed with sand forming a sandy muck."

Like that of Guthrie County, which lies on the great divide just southeast of Carroll, the soil of this county presents two well marked varieties; that on the east side of the Middle Raccoon being of the drift formation, is a gravelly loam of great strength and productiveness, while to the west of that stream the uplands are deeply enveloped in the bluff formation, which has imparted to the soil of this portion of the county its own peculiar characteristics. Small groves of native timber are found on the principal streams; and in favorable locations, even upon the uplands, forests of young oaks are springing up. Some two or three small patches are met with in the valley of Brushy Fork, and between Raccoon Rapids and Carrollton; on the Middle Raccoon more extensive tracts are covered with a fine growth of young timber.