(1) Ego et tu, domine, opera servorum laudamus. (2) Genus servorum non amatis, domini.

(3) Tu et gener, socer improbe, mihi pignora non dabatis.

(4) Pectus durum pugilis jaculo longo vulnerabam.
(5) Longum peditum agmen aqua crabrones arcent.
(6) Caput tauri cornigeri pugil gladio vulnerabit.
(7) Pugiles armiferi caprorum gregem trucidant.
(8) Aper pectus validum pugilis lacerat.

(9) Humerum quidem ministri vulneratis, pectus autem feminæ laceratis.

(10) Ego et socer magna dona, amoris pignora, feminæ dabimus.

(11) Nos quidem armiferos viros terremus, vos autem parvi pueri arcent.

(12) Carmina ancillæ laudabitis.

(1) The great king gives kingdoms, the pledges of (his) love, to the queen.

(2) The horned bull wounds the breast of the armed boxer.

(3) We will chastise slaves, a wicked race.

(4) The leader of the foot-soldiers was driving away

the boxer from the water.

(5) A large hornet was wounding the bull's shoulder. (6) The cruel wild boars are tearing the dead horse. (7) I, indeed, restrain the boys; but you are terrifying the girls.

(8) Fierce hornets will drive columns of foot-soldiers from the temple.

(9) The sparrow loves the roof of the house.

(10) Kind masters praise the works of slaves.

(11) Bad masters will wound the bodies of poor slaves with whips.

(12) To the boxer the father-in-law gives wounds with a whip.

(13) The kind lord will praise the works and songs of the clerk.

CHAPTER XVIII.

Learn by heart—

(1) Duc-o
(2) Duc-is
(3) Duc-it
(1) Duc-imus
(2) Duc-itis
(3) Duc-unt

=

=

=

=

=

=

I lead, or I am leading.

Thou leadest, or thou art leading.
(Any other person) leads, or is leading.
We lead, or we are leading.

Ye lead, or ye are leading.

(Any other persons) lead, or are leading.

Here we have another verb which we see is Active

voice, Indicative mood, Present tense (Cap. I.); but its character letter (Cap. IX.) is not A, so it is not of the First conjugation; the character letter is not E, so the verb is not of the Second conjugation; its character is C, which is a consonant. Now, whenever a verb has a consonant for its character letter, this verb is said to belong to the Third conjugation. In the Third conjugation, besides a great number of verbs whose stems end in a consonant, there are some which have u for their character letter, viz.—

(1) Tribu-o

(2) Tribu-is
(3) Tribu-it

(1) Tribu-imus

(2) Tribu-itis

=

=

I pay, or I am paying.

Thou payest, or thou art paying. = (Any other person) pays, or is paying. We pay, or we are paying.

=

=

Ye pay, or ye are paying.

(3) Tribu-unt (Any other persons) pay, or

are

(1) Vestimentum sordidum et pileum magnum induo.
(2) Fabri improbi dominum scipione cædunt.
(3) Stulti pueri soceri pileum jaculo transfigunt.
(4) Gregem caprorum dux equitum ducit.

(5) Servus pectus mortui domini vestimento tegit.
(6) Feminæ regnum parvum, amoris pignus, rex armifer

tribuit.

(7) Ego quidem vestimentum induo, tu autem exuis. (8) Pileum et vestimentum scribæ misero pugil prosper

dabat.

(9) Dux corniger gregem caprorum ducit.

(10) Crabrones magnum caprorum gregem aqua arcebant.

(1) They cover the body of the dead boxer with the sailor's cloak.

(2) The pleasant song praises the dead sailor.

(3) The house-slave transfixes the leader of the flock with a sharp spear.

(4) The wicked woman tinges the cloak of the kind king with poison.

(5) Boys, you are beating a girl with sticks and whips. (6) You and I will cover the lean boy with the fatherin-law's garments.

(7) The wicked woman transfixes the dead umpire's breast with a long sword.

(8) The good servants and the workmen pay to the dead sailor's daughter presents.

(9) Me the savage boxers terrify, but you fear a little girl.

(10) The boxer wounds wild boars with a dagger; the cunning woman kills bulls with poison.

Learn by heart—

(1) Audi-o

(2) Audi-s

(3) Audi-t

==

= (Any other person) hears, or is hearing.

(1) Audi-mus = We hear, or we are hearing.

(2) Audi-tis

(3) Audi-unt = (Any other persons) hear, or are

hearing.

Here we have a verb which has a different character letter to any which we have as yet had; it belongs therefore to a different conjugation: it is said to be of the Fourth conjugation, and its character letter is i.

Rule

The character letter of the Fourth conjugation is 'i.'
By the endings we perceive that it is Active voice,
Indicative mood, Present tense.

There are only Four conjugations of verbs in Latin.

=

(1) Audi-ebam

(2) Audi-ebas

=

(3) Audi-ebat

I was hearing.

Thou wast hearing.

=(Anyone else) was hearing.

(1) Audi-ebamus = We were hearing.

(2) Audi-ebatis

=

Ye were hearing.

(3) Audi-ebant = (Any others) were hearing.

Here we notice an important difference in the way in which the Imperfect Indicative of verbs of the Third and Fourth conjugations is formed, as compared with the Imperfect Indicative of verbs of the First and Second (Cap. IX.), viz.—