saw among the fallen planks and timbers.

Even in

the Upper Town few of the churches and public buildings had escaped. The Cathedral was burned to a shell. The solid front of the College of the Jesuits was pockmarked by numberless cannon-balls, and the adjacent church of the Order was wofully shattered. The church of the Récollets suffered

still more. The bombshells that fell through the roof had broken into the pavement, and as they burst had thrown up the bones and skulls of the dead from the graves beneath. Even the more distant HôtelDieu was pierced by fifteen projectiles, some of which had exploded in the halls and chambers.3

The commissary-general, Berniers, thus describes to Bourlamaque the state of the town: "Quebec is nothing but a shapeless mass of ruins. Confusion, disorder, pillage, reign even among the inhabitants, for the English make examples of severity every day. Everybody rushes hither and thither, without knowing why. Each searches for his possessions, and, not finding his own, seizes those of other people. English and French, all is chaos alike. The inhabitants, famished and destitute, escape to the country. Never was there seen such a sight."4

Quebec swarmed with troops. There were guard

1 Drawings made on the spot by Richard Short. These drawings, twelve in number, were engraved and published in 1761.

2 Short's Views in Quebec, 1759. Compare Pontbriand, in N. Y. Col. Docs., x. 1,057.

3 Casgrain, Hôtel-Dieu de Quebec, 445.

✦ Berniers à Bourlamaque, 27 Septembre, 1759.