2. The following table shows the meaning of each tense of Avw, Acímw, and paivo, in the indicative, imperative, infinitive, and participle of the active voice :— The middle of λúw commonly means to release for one's self, or to release some one belonging to one's self, hence to ransom (a captive) or to deliver (one's friends from danger). See § 199, 3. In the passive the tenses are changed merely to suit that voice ; as I am loosed, I was loosed, I shall be loosed, I have been loosed, &c. The future perfect passive means I shall have been loosed (i.e. before some future event referred to). The passive of λeinw is used in all tenses, with the meanings I am left, I was left, I have been left, I had been left, I shall have been left, I was left, I shall be left. It also means I am inferior (eft behind). The middle of λeíπw means properly to remain (leave one`s self), in which sense it differs little (or not at all) from the passive. But the 2nd aor. λóμŋy often means I left for myself (as a memorial or monument): so with the present and future middle in composition. 'EλTóμny in Homer sometimes means I was left behind or was inferior, like the passive. The passive of paiva means properly to be shown or made evident; the middle, to appear (show one's self). But these two meanings are often hard to distinguish, and it is therefore sometimes impossible to decide whether paivoμai, répaσμai, &c., are passive or middle. The 2nd fut. pass. pavnoouai, I shall appear or be shown, does not differ in sense from the fut. mid. pavovμai; but épávoŋv is generally passive, I was shown, while epávny is I appeared. The aor. mid. envaunu is transitive, I showed; it is rare and poetic in the simple form, but are ηváμŋv is common in the meaning I declared. NOTE. The meaning of the various forms of the subjunctive and optative cannot be fully understood until the constructions are explained in the Syntax. But the following examples will make them clearer than a mere translation of the forms, some of which (e.g. the future optative) cannot be used alone :— Λύωμεν (οι λύσωμεν) αὐτόν, let us loose him ; μὴ λύσῃς αὐτόν, do not loose him. Ἐὰν λύω (or λύσω) αὐτὸν, χαιρήσει, if I (shall) loose him, he will rejoice. ̓́Ερχομαι, ἵνα αὐτὸν λύω (or λύσω), I am coming that I may loose him. Elle vou (or λvoa) avтóv, O that I may loose him. Εἰ λύοιμι (οι λύσαιμι) αὐτὸν, χαίροι ἄν, if I should loose him, he would rejoice. Ἦλθον ἵνα αὐτὸν λύοιμι (or λύσαιμι), I came that I might loose him. Εἶπον ὅτι αὐτὸν λύοιμι, I said that I was loosing him; εἶπον ὅτι αὐτὸν λύσαιμι, I said that I had loosed him ; εἶπον ὅτι αὐτὸν λύσοιμι, 1 said that I would loose him. For the difference between the present and aorist in these moods, see § 202, 1; for the perfect, see § 202, 2. |