Boston and Chelsea..... Broadway

West Cambridge..

West Roxbury.

money to maintain or prolong public schools, and for apparatus, $30,971 01; income of local funds appropriated for academies and schools, $49,904 53; amount received by cities and towns as their share of the income of the State School Fund, $45,807 15; amount paid for superintendence of schools and printing of school reports, $53,034 40; aggregate returned as expended on public schools alone, exclusive of expense of repairing and erecting school-houses and of the cost of school-books, $1,612,823 76; sum raised by taxes (including income of surplus revenue) for the education of each child in the State between 5 and 15 years of age, per child, $6 41; percentage of the valuation of 1860 appropriated for public schools, .00165 (one mill and f); number of towns that have raised by tax the sum of $3 or more per child between 5 and 15, 300. The entire expenditure of the State for educational purposes per annum is nearly as follows: public schools, $1,612,823 76; private schools and academies, $349,533 43; seminaries and boarding-schools (estimated), $250,000; colleges and professional schools, about $400,000; total, about $2,612,357 19; if the expenditures for schoolhouses and the interest of the money invested in them, and cost of school-books, is added, the total annual expenditures will somewhat exceed $3,100,000. The School Fund of the State amounted in December, 1861, to $1,588,263 47, and yielded an income of $93,300 79, and is to be increased by a part of the proceeds of the Back Bay lands.

Normal Schools, and the Training of Teachers. Great attention is paid to the training of teachers for the public schools. Teachers' institutes are held in various parts of the State in the spring and autumn, and are attended by from 1200 to 1500 teachers. The number of institutes held in 1861 was 9, the number of teachers who attended, 1243, and the sum paid by the State for lecturers and expenses was $2,438 75; State, county, and town teachers' associations, the American Institute of Instruction, and the Massachusetts Teacher, an able periodical devoted especially to the illustration of the art of teaching, are among the appliances for this purpose. But the most efficient means of training and fitting teachers for their work is the instruction imparted in the four Normal Schools, at Framingham, Westfield, Bridge water, and Salem: the schools at Framingham and Salem are for female teachers only, those at Bridgewater and Westfield are for both sexes. The aggregate number who had been connected with these schools to December, 1861, was 4830, of whom 1026 were males and 3804 females; of these, 2084 had completed the prescribed course of study and graduated. For the annual support of these schools in the 22 years which had elapsed since the organization of the first, the State had paid $185,705 91, and individuals $16,345 94, and for the erection and adaptation of buildings for their use, $38,318 80 had been paid by the State, and $27,231 10 by in

dividuals, making a total outlay of $294,214 11, The State expenditure for 1861 was $18,624, besides $4,644 64 for arrearages and $4,500 for repairs. The Todd Normal School Fund, the bequest of the late Henry Todd, now amounting to $11,900, yields an income of $714 per annum, which is applied in addition to the support of the schools. The late N. Ingersoll Bowditch, Esq., who had been a liberal contributor to the Salem Normal School during his lifetime, left $5000 in 1861, the income of which is to be applied to aid in the support of pupils of that school.

State Scholarships.-By an act of the Legislature passed in 1853, 48 State scholarships were established "to aid in educating and training young men for the office of principal teachers in the high schools of the Commonwealth," the scholarships to be of the value of $100 per annum, and to be divided between Harvard, Amherst, Williams, and Tufts Colleges. As the college course is of four years' duration, only 12 can be chosen annually to fill these scholarships. In December, 1861, 47 had graduated and were still in college, or had received the annuity for one or more years. The total payments had been $22,900. 44 were in college in December, 1861.

Evening Schools. In most of the cities and larger towns evening schools have been established for the instruction of adults and young persons who are compelled to labor during the day and have no opportunity of study except at night. They are largely attended, and very successful.

A comparison of the condition of the public schools at the present time and twenty years since shows that the improvement in them in every respect has much more than kept pace with the advance in population and wealth. The amount raised by taxation for school purposes has been increased 200 per cent.; the sum expended per scholar, 240 per cent.; the attendance, between 60 and 70 per cent.; the wages of male teachers had advanced from $25 44 to $50 56 per month, and of female teachers from $11 38 to $19 98 per month.

The Deaf and Dumb.-The deaf-mutes of suitable age to receive instruction are supported and educated at the American Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb, at Hartford, Conn. The number of State beneficiaries at that institution from Massachusetts in 1861 was 86, and the State appropriation for their support was $8600.

The Perkins Institution and Massachusetts Asylum for the Blind, at South Boston, S. G. Howe, M.D., Superintendent, was established in 1831, and is the only institution for the blind in New England. The institution has funds invested in various stocks to the amount of about $39,000, and land in South Boston valued at $18,500. It receives from the State $12,000 per annum, and in 1861 received from New Hampshire, Vermont, and Maine, for their beneficiaries, $4,848 84; the income from its investments, $1,977 40; from the sale of books printed for the blind to other insti

tutions, $899 99; for tuition of private pupils, $437 50; miscellaneous sources, $1,031 82; balance from previous year, $1,069 29; making total receipts, $22,264 84. The expenditures, including an investment of $400, were $20,246 80. The number of pupils averaged 120. A work-department for the adult blind is connected with the institution, though its accounts are kept separate. It is conducted at a small annual loss, the loss of 1861 being $427 58. The amount of wages paid to blind persons during the year was $3,247 61, and the amount of sales, $11,356 41.

Hospitals for the Insane.-Massachusetts has been foremost among the States of the Union in her ample provision for the unfortunate class who have lost their reason. There are now in the State five public besides several private insane hospitals,-viz.: the "State Lunatic Hospital at Worcester," Merrick Bemis, M.D., Superintendent; the

"State Lunatic Hospital at Taunton," George C. S. Choate, M.D., Superintendent; the "State Lunatic Hospital at Northampton," William H. Prince, M.D., Physician and Superintendent; (these are all State institutions;) the "McLean Asylum for the Insane," at Somerville, a branch of the "Massachusetts General Hospital," John E. Tyler, M.D., Physician and Superintendent, and the "Boston Lunatic Hospital" at South Boston, maintained by the City of Boston, Dr. Walker, Physician and Superintendent. Besides these, there are at the State almshouses and Rainsford Island Hospital a very considerable number of pauper insane, and at Bridgewater and Tewksbury buildings have been erected specially for the accommodation of incurables of the pauper class. The following table gives the statistics of the State Hospitals and Boston Hospital for 1861, and of the McLean Asylum for 1860.

pupils, and was attended with considerable success. The State appropriates $9000 annually to this institution, and in 1861 made an additional grant of $3000 to relieve them from debt.

Reformatory and Correctional Institutions.-The State has its full share of these. The principal reformatory institutions are the "State Reform School for Boys," at Westboro', established in 1848, Joseph A. Allen, Superintendent; the "Nautical Branch State Reform School," on board the ship Massachusetts, Boston harbor, established 1859, Richard Matthews, Superintendent; the "State Industrial School for Girls," at Lancaster, established 1855, Rev. Bradford K. Pierce, Superintendent. These three are State institutions. There are also the House of Reformation on Deer Island, Boston harbor, with separate departments for boys and girls, and the House of Industry, on the same island, both under the charge of Thomas Payson, Superintendent, and supported by the city of Boston; the Boston Asylum and Farm School on Thompson's Island, a private incorporated institution; a private industrial school for girls, at Dorchester, and the Plummer Farm School of Reform for boys, at Salem, endowed by the late Miss Caroline Plummer, with a fund now amounting to $35,000, but not yet in operation.

The State Reform School at Westboro' was partially reorganized in 1860-61, and in January, 1861, the present Superintendent, Joseph A. Allen, was appointed. It had previously been managed on the congregated system, the boys being all domiciled in one large building and without any very strict classification. The success of the school under this plan had not been remarkable, though perhaps equal to the average of those on the same plan in other States. The advantages of the family system of management of these institutions in other places had, however, become so apparent that it was determined in 1860 to make a beginning on that system at Westboro'; and, on the appointment of the present Superintendent, two houses, the farm-house and the garden-house, were fitted up for the accommodation of families of thirty boys each; and the best boys were selected as colonists for these new domiciles, where they were to be entirely independent of the school in their domestic arrangements, coming only to the main building for chapel services on Sunday, and for occasional lectures,-each family being under the charge of a gentleman and his wife, who were to stand in the relation of parents to them. No physical restraint or confinement was permitted; but there have been no escapes, or attempts to escape, except in the case of two small boys, who strayed away but willingly returned. The success of this new arrangement has thus far been very gratifying. The following are the statistics of the school during the year: boys in school, October 1, 1860, 332; since committed, 48; received from nautical branch, 6; apprentices returned by masters, 7; returned by trustees, 1;

returned by selectmen, 1; returned voluntarily, 10; eloped previous year, returned, 1; total, 74. Whole number in school during the year, 406. Discharged or apprenticed, 106; transferred to nautical branch, 36; hired out, or visiting friends on probation, 5; remanded to alternative sentences, 3; escaped, 2; died, 1; total, 153; remaining in school, September 30, 1861, 253.

The disposal made of those boys who were discharged or apprenticed was: discharged by trustees, 33; by expiration of sentence, 24; remanded to alternative sentence, 3; hired out, or visiting friends on probation, 5; transferred to nautical branch of Reform School, 36; escaped, 2; died, 1; indentured, 43. Of 2801-the whole number who have been discharged from the school since its opening-556 were discharged by the trustees; 311 by expiration of sentence; 134 remanded to alternative sentence; 19 returned to masters; 9 discharged by order of court; 2 committed to State Lunatic Hospital, at Worcester; 6 discharged for trial elsewhere; visiting friends on probation, 27; transferred to nautical branch, 86; escaped, 34; died, 46; indentured, 1662. The offences for which they were committed were, in the majority of cases, stubbornness, idle and disorderly conduct, vagrancy, pilfering, petty larceny, &c.; but a moderate number were guilty of the higher grades of theft, robbery, burglary, passing counterfeit money, and other crimes against property, and a few, not exceeding 40 since the commencement of the school, and none the last year, were committed for crimes against the person or against society; 6 the past year, and 540 in all, were natives of foreign countries; 47 the past year, and 1693 in all, were born in Massachusetts, but of these more than half were of foreign parentage; 1 the past year, and 428 in all, were natives of other States. The boys are employed in making shoes, seating chairs, working in the steam mills, farming, gardening, performing domestic work, &c. The treasurer reports the receipts of the year as $50,226 92, of which $2,483 80 was received for labor of boys, and $3452 from products of farm and institution sold; $41,500 ($10,000 to meet deficiency of previous year) from the State Treasury; $660 87 from towns and cities for support of boys, and $2,130 25 for balance on hand previous year. The expenditures were $48,106 19, of which $9,683 42 was in payment of bills accrued the previous year, $2,425 34 for general repairs, $660 87 to State Treasurer; making the amount of current expenses of support, $35,336 56, giving an average cost of maintenance per head per annum of $121 01; of which, earnings of boys and farm-products sold furnished $20 32 per head.

The Nautical Branch of the Reform School, of which Richard Matthews is Superintendent, was established to furnish to those boys who would be likely to be benefited by service on board ship, the opportunity of acquiring the rudiments of a nautical education. The project has proved a