CHAPTER VII THE ADVERB 102. An Adverb is a word used to modify a Verb, an Adjective, or another Adverb. Adverbs are classified according to Use as (1) Simple, (2) Interrogative, and (3) Conjunctive. According to Meaning, they are classified as Adverbs of (1) Time, (2) Place, (3) Manner, (4) Degree, (5) Cause, (6) Assertion. Note 1: Simple Adverbs merely modify some word in the sentence. Interrogative (103) and Conjunctive Adverbs act as modifiers, but have other uses as well (105). Note 2: The Introductory Adverb there is often used to begin a sentence in which the subject stands after the predicate: as, "There was a sound of revelry by night.” Note 3: The is sometimes used as an Adverb before comparatives: as, The more I give to thee, the more I have." 66 Note 4: Adverbs sometimes modify Prepositional Phrases as a whole: as, "He came long before the time.” Note 5: Many expressions composed of two or more words may be regarded as Phrasal Adverbs: at once, now and then, face to face, one by one, etc. Note 6: Adverbs are compared in the same manner as Adjectives. Ill, well, much, little, near, far, and late are irregularly compared like the corresponding Adjectives (95). Exercise 77. In the following sentences find the simple adverbs and classify them according to meaning: 1 Touch us gently, gentle Time! 2 The influence of the great nations on one another grows always closer, and makes new national types less likely to appear. 3 There is a pleasure in the pathless woods. 4 Then loudly cried the bold Sir Bedivere, "Ah! my Lord Arthur, whither shall I go?” 5 Pour forth and bravely do your part, New love was kind, but in the end Old love was stronger. 7 The world is too much with us; late and soon, Getting and spending, we lay waste our powers. 8 He singeth loud his godly hymns That he makes in the wood. He'll shrieve my soul, he'll wash away 9 Only reapers, reaping early, Down to tower'd Camelot. 10 There is only one cure for the evils which newly acquired freedom produces, and that is freedom. 11 He was naturally extremely humorous, and humor in such men will show itself sometimes in playing with things, in the sacredness of which they may believe fully, notwithstanding. 12 In their time these were doubtless costly monuments, and reckoned of a very elegant proportion by contemporaries. 13 The less they deserve, the more merit is in your bounty. 14 Full knee-deep lies the winter snow, And the winter winds are wearily sighing; For the Old Year lies a-dying. 15 In and out through the motley rout That little Jackdaw kept hopping about. And when he next doth ride abroad, 17 The elder I wax, the better I shall appear. 18 He is well paid that is well satisfied. 19 Richard hath best deserved of all my sons. 20 Life could have had of late but little charm for him. 103. Interrogative Adverbs introduce (1) Direct, or (2) Indirect Questions relating to Time, Place, Manner, Degree, or Cause: as, 1 Where are the great whom thou wouldst wish to praise thee? 2 Tell me, thou bonny bird, When shall I marry me? Exercise 78. Find the interrogative adverbs in the following sentences and tell in each case whether the adverb introduces a direct or an indirect question:— 1 0 wherefore come ye forth in triumph from the North? 2 Why should he call me to-night, when he knows that I cannot go? 3 How should I greet thee? 4 Where art thou gone, light-ankled Youth? 5 You ask'd me why the poor complain, And these have answered thee. 6 Whence be the grapes of the wine-press that ye tread? 7 Ask me no more where Jove bestows, When June is past, the fading rose. 8 Ask me no more whither doth haste The nightingale when May is past. 9 I know not where His islands lift Their fronded palms in air. 10 What, think you, Beech-tree, makes the Wind delay? Why comes he not at breaking of the day? 11 How many summers, love, Have I been thine? 12 Where are the pure, whom thou wouldst choose to love thee? 13 Tell me how many beads there are In a silver chain Of evening rain Unravel'd from the tumbling main. 14 When will return the glory of your prime? 15 Ah, wherefore do we laugh or weep? 16 Some ask'd me, where the rubies grew? 17 Dreamer of dreams, born out of my due time, Why should I strive to set the crooked straight? 18 Where are the snows of yester-year? 19 Why should we only toil, the roof and crown of things? 20 They tell how much I owe To thee and Time! 104. Adverbial Phrases are Infinitive (48) or Prepositional. They may modify (1) a Verb, (2) an Adjective, or (3) an Adverb: as, 1 The sun now rose upon the right. |