more, in the action, and six were wounded: by an afteraccount, one Leonard Cummins, of Litchfield, mortally wounded; and [one] Kindale, of Dunstable, wounded; and William Shelding, of Reading, a corporal, killed. He returned on the 11th of October to Crown Point, if I mistake not; and brought with him, as was said, a considerable number of the French from the borders of St. John's River, that submitted themselves to the English Government.

On or about the 29th of September, as 10 or 12 men were cutting wood not more than a mile and [a] half from Fort Sackville, about 12 miles from Halifax in Nova Scotia, a party of Indians fired on them, and killed two, and wounded two others; the rest escaped: they belonged to Captain Bowen's company of provincials. A party was

sent after them, but did not overtake them.

On the 10th of November, a party of Indians, with two Frenchmen, came to a place called Carr's Creek, in Augusta County in Virginia, and barbarously murdered ten persons, carried off - men, women, and children, eleven prisoners, burnt six houses, killed many cattle, and carried off all the horses loaded with the goods of the killed and captivated people. Captain Christian, with a party of militia, - being joined with an equal number of the battalion of frontiers [-men], from Fort Dunlop, under the command of Captain Fleming,-went in pursuit of the enemy, over the Alleghany Mountains; and, after several days' march, came up with them. It was intended to attack them in the night; but a musket, being fired accidentally, alarmed the enemy, and gave them opportunity to escape. However, our party were successful in recovering all the prisoners, horses, and goods, and many things belonging to the Indians, which they had left in their flight. The loss sustained at Carr's Creek by the people there is reckoned to be upwards of £2,000.

A further account of Crown Point. There has been

something noted before relating to the situation of Crown Point, that important fortress, which was deserted by the French, as before is also noted. This fort stands near the head of the Lake Champlain, which is fourscore miles in length, - by which there is the advantage, as is said, of navigation of rivers to it from all the parts of Canada. It is a small point of land, surrounded with the lake, except a small moat which joins it to the main land. By the English, it is called Crown Point; and, by the French, Fort Frederick. This fort lies about midway between Mont Real and Albany, the two chief places of our and the French's frontiers. It effectually covered all Canada, by blocking up our passage into that country; whilst it led the French directly into New England and New York, and at the same time secured the whole country in the back parts to the French. Round this Lake Champlain [was] the original inheritance of the Five Nations of Indians, so called, and is asserted to be made over by them to the English long ago. It is said to be a fruitful country, and, [in] that respect, perhaps worth all Canada. The lands are said to be covered with sugar-trees, I suppose, maple-trees, the sap or juice of which, when properly managed, from frequent and long experience, has yielded very pleasant, good sweetening-sugar; and also ginseng, great esteem with physicians, if I mistake not, when of the right sort, which also denotes the richness of the soil. The neck or point of land on which the [fort] stands is so encompassed with [the] lake, that [the isthmus] is but about two miles across that joins it to the main land at the upper end; and that this neck, or isthmus, contains near or full out seven thousand acres of fine, improvable land, profitable for tillage, the greatest part of it, and otherwise accommodated for good settlements. The point that the fort stands on is reputed to be not more than 100 rods over the lake at that place to the opposite shore;

at which, or near to it, the road which General Amherst ordered to be cleared through that part of the country begins, leading to Number Four; which is said to be 78 miles, as before is remarked.

Here follows a short account of Niagara Fort, - taken, as before is said, by Sir William Johnson and the forces under his command. This fort commands, in a manner, all the interior parts of North America, and is, as it were, a key to the whole continent; opens or obstructs a communication with all the natives of North America, the Ohioes, Shawanoes, Miamis, Twightwies, Illinoias, Poutewatamis, Nadouessians, Hurons, Urawis, Massesagues, and many others. It stands in the midst of the extensive territories of the Six Nations, and commands their beaver country entirely; secures their fur-trade, and all the other inland trade of North America; commands all the great lake[s], and secures the navigation, that extends 12 or 1300 miles; prevents or secures the junction of the two French colonies, Canada and Louisiana; cuts off or maintains their passage to the Ohio River, Mississippi, Lake Erie, Detroit, Sandusky, Miamis, Fort St. Joseph, Illinois, Kaskaskis; stops the further progress of the English or French, whichever are possessed of it. It lays our colonies open to the incursions both of the Indians and French; whilst it now secures them both in our hands, and unites the frontiers of our Northern and Southern Colonies together for their mutual defence and security; which may all be secured by this one place, which they could not by many others without it.

On the beginning of October, the inhabitants of St. John's River, having heard of the surrender of Quebec, sent to Lieutenant-Colonel Arbuthnot, who commanded 250 provincial troops at Fort Frederick, or Crown Point, desiring to surrender themselves prisoners at discretion, or as prisoners of war, and remove off their lands; or [that he would] grant them leave to continue with the

liberty of their religion, as permitted to Canadians on the surrender of Quebec. Colonel Arbuthnot's prudence did not suffer him to trust them on any terms: he therefore went up the river, and brought off about 196 of these inhabitants, as is hinted before. And more, as was said, were coming in, in order to surrender in like manner: among others, Père Germain,* the Jesuit missionary both to the inhabitants and Indians in those parts, [who] wrote to Colonel Arbuthnot from a place called St. Ann's, desiring the like liberty to serve his cure as the priests of Canada had granted to them; and that he had abandoned the Indians, and was willing to take the oath of allegiance to his Britannic majesty; with other fair proposals and promises. Whether the colonel had faith enough to believe and depend on them or not, we have not yet heard. Colonel Arbuthnot, this summer, destroyed several of the French villages on the river; and on the 18th of September, the same day Quebec was surrendered, had a smart skirmish with a party of the French and Indians, but received no considerable damage that we heard of.

The following is said to be a copy of what General Wolfe delivered to his army the day before the battle; dated on board the "Sutherland," September 12, 1759:

"The enemy's forces are now divided; great scarcity of provision in their camp; universal discontent among the Canadians; and the second officer in command is gone to Mont Real or St. John's, which gives reason to think that General Amherst is advancing into the colony.

"A vigorous blow struck by the army at this juncture may determine the fate of Canada. Our troops below are in readiness to join us : all the light infantry, artillery, and tools, are embarked at Point Levi ; and the troops will land where the French seem least to expect them. The first body that gets on shore are to march directly to the enemy, and drive them from any little post they may occupy. The officers

* "Father Germain was the last of the old Jesuit missionaries in Maine. station was the village of St. Anne, on an island in the St. John's. St. Francis in 1779." - Shea's Catholic Missions, pp. 153, 154.

His chief He died at

must be careful that the succeeding bodies do not by any mistake fire upon those that go before them. The battalions must form upon the upper grounds, and be ready to charge whatever presents itself. When the artillery troops are landed, a corps will be left to secure the landingplace, while the rest march on, and endeavor to bring the French and Canadians to a battle.

"The officers and men will remember what their country expects from them, and what a determined body of soldiers, inured to war, are capable of doing against five weak French battalions, mingled with disorderly peasantry.

"The soldiers must be attentive and obedient to their officers, and resolute in the execution of their duty."

General Wolfe died, being thirty-five years of age. He died in victory over the French Army at Canada, who, as was said, had near three times his number of forces; and in his death triumphed, in a sort, as being the instrument of recovering Quebec, the capital of the French settlements in North America, to the crown of Great Britain.† Tokens of great honor were put up on his memory, with great lamentations made over him when his body was landed in England, and [the] place of his former residence.

Whilst we are lamenting the death of General Wolfe, it should renew our condolence in remembrance of General Braddock and Lord Howe, two excellent British commanders, that in their loyalty to the crown, and defence of this country, fell by the hand of the enemy, in this land wherein they were strangers.

This should also remind us of the thankful acknowledgments [due] to the crown of Great Britain in furnishing us with so many experienced officers and regular troops for our help, and the repeated large and liberal remittances for their pay and support, and for the pay of provincials

See Beatson's Naval and Military Memoirs, vol. ii. p. 379; and the Appendix to Sabine's Address before the New-England Historic-Genealogical Society, Sept. 13, 1859, pp. 71, 72.

† See Beatson, vol. ii. pp. 358-391; and Appendix, Note 142, pp. 139-148. Also the Appendix to Sabine's Address, pp. 65-100.