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N. Y.; (17) Philadelphia, Pa.; (18) Pittsburg, Pa.; (19) Providence, R. I.; (20) Rochester, N. Y.; (21) St. Louis, Mo.; (22) San Francisco, Cal.; (23) Washington, D.C. Additional offices having attained the requisite number of employès-fifty—were classified as follows: (24) Minneapolis, Minn., April 23, 1884; (25) St. Paul, Minn., April 23, 1884; (26) Jersey City, N. J., October 6, 1884; (27) New Haven, Conn., December 11, 1884; (28) Toledo, Ohio, August 12, 1886; (29) Denver, Colo., March 17, 1887; (30) Richmond, Va., March 17, 1887; (31) Troy, N. Y., June 4, 1887; (32) Omaha, Neb., August 6, 1887; (33) Columbus, Ohio, March 27, 1888; (34) Des Moines, Iowa, March 27, 1888; (35) Hartford, Conn., March 27, 1888; (36) Los Angeles, Cal., March 27, 1888; (37) Syracuse, N. Y., March 27, 1888; (38) Oakland, Cal., September 25, 1888;~ (39) Portland, Me., September 25, 1888; (40) Worcester, Mass., September 25, 1888; (41) Atlanta, Ga., February 21, 1889; (42) Grand Rapids, Mich., February 21, 1889; (43) Nashville, Tenn., February 21, 1889; (44) Memphis, Tenn., January 15, 1890; (45) Dallas, Tex., February 21, 1890; (46) Springfield, Mass., September 16, 1890; (47) Allegheny, Pa., August 3, 1891; (48) Paterson, N. J., August 3, 1891; (49) Portland, Oregon, August 3, 1891; (50) Scranton, Pa., August 3, 1891; (51) Dayton, Ohio, February 27, 1892; (52) Lynn, Mass., February 27, 1892; (53) Lowell, Mass., August 17, 1892.

A list of all the offices now within the classified postal service will be found at page 293, post.

All officers, clerks, and employés in the several free-delivery post-offices not appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and not employed merely as laborers or workmen, are in the classified postal service and subject to the provisions of the civil-service law and rules. The classification of the post-office service, made on March 9, 1883, and now existing, is as follows: Class 4, $1,800 and over per annum.

Class 3, $1,400 and less than $1,800 per annum.
Class 2, $800 and less than $1,400 per annum.

Class 1, less than $800 per annum.

The following was suggested in the fifth report as a suitable classification for this service and its adoption recommended:

It is ordered that all officers, clerks, carriers, and other employés at classified postoffices be, and they are hereby, arranged in the following classes:

Class 1, all persons receiving an annual salary of $800 or less, or a compensation at the rate of $800 or less per annum.

Class 2, all persons receiving an annual salary of $900 or less, but more than $800, or a compensation at the rate of $900 or less, but more than $800 per annum.

Class 3, all persons receiving an annual salary of $1,000 or less, but more than $900, or a compensation at the rate of $1,000 or less, but more than $900 per annum.

Class 4, all persons receiving an annual salary of $1,200 or less, but more than $1,000, or a compensation at the rate of $1,200 or less, but more than $1,000 per an

num.

Class 5, all persons receiving an annual salary of $1,400 or less, but more than $1,200, or a compensation at the rate of $1,400 or less, but more than $1,200 per an

num.

Class 6, all persons receiving an annual salary of $1,600 or less, but more than $1,400, or a compensation at the rate of $1,600 or less, but more than $1,400 per an

num.

Class 7, all persons receiving an annual salary of $1,800 or less, but more than $1,600, or a compensation at the rate of $1,800 or less, but more than $1,600 per an

num.

Class 8, all persons receiving an annual salary of $2,000 or less, but more than $1,800, or a compensation at the rate of $2,000 or less, but more than $1,800 per an

num.

Class 9, all persons receiving an annual salary of more than $2,000, or a compensation at the rate of more than $2,000 per annum.

It is provided that no person who may be appointed to an office by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and that no person who may be employed merely as a laborer or workman (not including any person designated as skilled laborer or workman), shall be considered as within this classification, and no person so employed shall, without examination under the civil-service rules, be assigned to the duties of a classified place.

It is also ordered that no person shall be admitted into any place not excepted from examination by the civil-service rules in any of the classes above designated until he shall have passed an appropriate examination prepared by the United States Civil Service Commission and his eligibility has been certified to by said Commission or the appropriate board of examiners.

The Classified Railway Mail.Service embraces all superintendents, assistant superintendents, chief clerks, railway postal clerks, route agents, local agents, mailroute messengers, and other employés of the railway mail service. One general superintendent, one assistant general superintendent, printers, employed as such; clerks employed exclusively as porters in handling mail matter in bulk, in sacks or pouches, and not otherwise; clerks employed exclusively on steamboats and transfer clerks at junction points where not more than two such clerks are employed, are exempt from examination. All other places can be filled only by promotion, transfer, reinstatement, or examination, as described in the civil-service rules. Superintendents of mails at classified post-offices (offices at which there are fifty or more employés) must be selected from among the employés of the railway mail service. The railway mail service classification was made by the Postmaster-General December 31, 1888, and is as follows:

"By direction of the President of the United States, and subject to and in accordance with section 1 of an act entitled 'An act to designate, classify, and fix the salaries of persons in the railway mail service, approved July 31, 1882,' and in accordance with the third clause of section 6 of an act entitled 'An act to regulate and improve the civil service of the United States, approved January 16, 1883,'

"It is ordered, That all superintendents, assistant superintendents, chief clerks, railway postal clerks, route agents, local agents, mail-route messengers, and other employés of the railway mail service be, and they are hereby, arranged in the following classes:

"Class one, all persons receiving an annual salary of $800 or less, or a compensation at the rate of $800 or less per annum.

"Class two, all persons receiving an annual salary of $900 or less, but more than $800, or a compensation at the rate of $900 or less, but more than $800 per annum. "Class three, all persons receiving an annual salary of $1,000 or less, but more than $900, or a compensation at the rate of $1,000 or less, but more than $900 per

annum.

"Class four, all persons receiving an annual salary of $1,200 or less, but more than $1,000, or a compensation at the rate of $1,200 or less, but more than $1,000 per

annum.

"Class five, all persons receiving an annual salary of $1,400 or less, but more than $1,200, or a compensation at the rate of $1,400 or less, but more than $1,200 per

annum.

"Class six, all persons receiving an annual salary of $1,600 or less, but more than $1,400, or a compensation at the rate of $1,600 or less, but more than $1,400 per

annum.

“Class seven, all persons receiving an annual salary of $1,800 or less, but more than $1,600, or a compensation at the rate of $1,800 or less, but more than $1,600 per annum. "Class eight, all persons receiving an annual salary of $2,000 or less, but more than $1,800, or a compensation at the rate of $2,000 or less, but more than $1,800 per

annum.

"Class nine, all persons receiving an annual salary of more than $2,000, or a compensation at the rate of more than $2,000 per annum.

"It is provided, That no person who may be appointed to an office by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and that no person who may be employed merely as a laborer or workman (not including any person designated as skilled laborer or workman), shall be considered as within this classification; and no person so employed shall, without examination under the civil-service rules, be assigned to the duties of a classified place.

"It is also ordered, That no person shall be admitted into any place not excepted from examination by the civil-service rules in any of the classes above designated until he shall have passed an appropriate examination prepared by the United States Civil Service Commission, and his eligibility has been certified to this Department by said Commission."

The Classified Indian Service includes all the physicians, school superintendents, assistant superintendents, school teachers, and matrons in the Indian service. The classification of the Indian service was made by the Secretary of the Interior on the 13th day of April, 1891, and is as follows:

By direction of the President of the United States, and in accordance with the third clause of section 6 of an act entitled "An act to regulate and improve the civil service of the United States," approved January 16, 1883,

It is ordered, That all physicians, school superintendents, and assistant superintendents, school teachers, and matrons in the Indian service be, and they are hereby, arranged in the following classes, without regard to salary or compensation: Class One. Physicians.

Class Two. School superintendents and assistant superintendents.

Class Three. School teachers.

Class Four. Matrons.

Provided, That no person who may be required by law to be appointed to an office by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and that no person who may be employed merely as a laborer or workman, or in connection with any contract schools, shall be considered as within this classification; and no person so employed shall be assigned to the duties of a classified place.

It is further ordered, That no person shall be admitted to any place not excepted from examination by the civil service rules in any of the classes above designated until he or she shall have passed an appropriate examination under the United States Civil Service Commission and his or her eligibility has been certified to by said Commission or the appropriate board of examiners.

1. AGE LIMITATION.

NOTES ON THE RULES.

I. GENERAL RULES.

Begins with the filing of application paper. (Minutes June 4, 1888, clause 4, vol. 8, p. 18.)

2. APPEAL FROM MARKINGS, customs and postal service.

Inspection by competitor of his papers may take place in the presence of the secretary of the board, or of any other member when necessary, the competitor to make no copy of questions or answers, and the board to review no papers except on appeal made in writing. Ordinarily appeals should be made directly to the commission, but the board may review papers on appeal; and if errors in the markings are discovered may obtain consent of the commission for their correction. It is not desirable that the board should hear oral statement or argument by appellants in support of their appeals. (Minutes April 24, 1888, clause 6, vol. 7, pp. 300,301.) 3. CERTIFICATIONS.

From higher registers to fill lower places-customs and postal service.-May only be made when the lower register is exhausted and it is not practicable to replenish it in time to meet the demands of the service. The approval by the Commission of any such proposed certification must first be obtained. The order of general average must be followed. (Minutes September 27, 1888, clause 11, vol. 8, p. 446.)

4. CITIZENSHIP.

Applicants who are not native-born citizens of the United States must produce evidence of full citizenship.

Ordered, That hereafter no application for examination in any branch of the classified service made by a person who is not a native-born citizen of the United States shall be approved by any person or board authorized to approve applications untli the final naturalization paper or other record evidence of full citizenship is produced. The declaration of intention to become a citizen of the United States does not constitute citizenship, and does not entitle the person who has made it to a civil-service examination. After the approval of the application of a naturalized person the final papers or record evidence of such naturalization may be returned to the applicant. (Minutes April 23, 1892, clause 2.)

5. CLASSIFICATION.

(a) An office once subject to the examinations does not cease to be subject to them merely because the clerks and persons employed have been reduced below fifty. (Minutes May 14, 1888, vol. 7, p. 370.)

(b) Per-diem employés.—Under the terms of the departmental classification all the employés who, or the one hand, are not appointed by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, or, on the other hand, who are not employed merely as messengers, laborers, workmen, or watchmen, are classified and subject to the civil-service rules, and if not specifically excepted from examination are subject to examination. The manner of their employment and payment does not in the least affect this question. It makes no difference whether they are employed at an annual salary specifically provided for by appropriations, or at a compensation fixed by the head of the department and paid out of the lump sum appropriated for the specific work, or whether the employment is permanent or temporary. They are in any case classified employés and must be appointed in the manner provided by the civil-service rules.

The persons employed in connection with the preparation of the Official Register of the United States, contained in the legislative, executive, and judicial appropriation act, approved February 26, 1889, and paid out of this appropriation, were held to be classified employés, and they were appointed upon the certificate of this Commission. The persons employed in the General Land Office, under appropriations made from year to year in the acts making appropriations for the sundry civil expenses of the Government, for furnishing transcripts of records and plats, have, since the classification of June 29, 1888, been held to be classified employés, and have in all cases been appointed upon certification from the eligible registers of the Commission. The persons employed in the Indian Office to "transcribe and copy contracts, reports, and miscellaneous matters," under the appropriation made for that purpose in the legislative, executive, and judicial appropriation act approved March 3, 1891, are employed upon examination and certification under the civil-service rules.

6. DROPPING ELIGIBLE FROM THE REGISTER, customs and postal service.

It is competent for a board of examiners, without previous approval by the Commission, to drop from the register the name of any eligible upon proper written request of such eligible. The request should be kept on file. A withdrawal from the register which will evade the provisions of the rules forbidding a reëxamination during the period of eligibility, without the consent of the Commission, must not, of course, be permitted. (Book A, p. 253.) Dec. 2, 1887.

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(a) Examination, so far as age limitations are concerned, begins with the filing of the application. (Minutes, June 4, 1888, clause 4, vol. 8, pp. 2, 3.)

(b) A person who has passed an examination may be again examined one year thereafter, although the term of eligibility has not expired, upon his filing a new application. The filing of a new application does not cancel eligibity, the examination for which it is filed not being a reëxamination in the sense of Rule III, section 7, but a new examination on a new paper, the new eligible period not to begin until the old one expires. (Letter to Baltimore postal board, January 11, 1889, Book M, p. 229.)

(c) Entrance examination by those already in the service. The entrance examinations have for their object the testing of the qualifications of applicants for admission to the service, and therefore these examinations for any branch of the service are not open to persons already in the same branch. It is unnecessary and contrary to public policy to examine a person for a place for which he is already eligible by promotion or transfer. The apparent exception to this rule is that a person in the departmental service may be examined for a special register for that branch of the service. The rules do not prohibit a person serving in one branch of the service from applying for examination for admission to another branch, as, for instance, a person serving in a post-office from applying for admission to a custom-house. Clause 4 of General Rule III, however, prohibits a person from being an applicant for examination or an eligible for appointment in more than one branch of the service at the same time. (Minutes, April 27, 1888, vol. 7, pp. 317, 318. Also, April 6, 1888, p. 243.) 8. EXAMINING BOARD.

(a) An agency of the Commission.-In its creation a board of examiners is not beyond and outside of the jurisdiction of the head of the office; but after its creation it is an agency of the Commission and not of the head of the office, and must perform its work under the direction of the Commission (see section 3, civil-service law, sections 11-16 of General Rule III). This must be so or the Commission might find itself very much embarrassed in the execution of the law and the rules. It is imperative that the intercourse between the Commission and the examiners be direct. Under the law and rules, the first connection that the head of the office has with any business of the board is when he wishes to fill a vacancy and makes a requisition upon the board for a proper certification. He deals with the board in this matter,

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