The Theory and Practice of Surveying: Designed for the Use of Surveyors and Engineers Generally, But Especially of the Use of Students in Engineering

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J. Wiley, 1900 - 838 sider
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Innhold

Adjustment of Terrestrial Line of Sight to the Plane of the Polar
50
Adjustment of Line of Sight and Bubble Axis to Parallel Positions
66
The Use of the Level
71
To make the Plate perpendicular to the Axis of the Socket
83
Adjustment of the Horizontal Axis
87
Adjustment of the Telescope Bubble
89
94 Eccentricity of Centres and Verniers
90
Inclination of Vertical Axis
91
Inclination of Horizontal Axis
92
98 To measure a Horizontal Angle
93
To measure a Vertical Angle
94
To run out a Straight Line
95
Traversing
97
102 Various Forms described
99
Adjustments of the Saegmuller Attachment
102
44
103
104 The Gradienter described
104
106114 Practical Problems 105107
105
115 The Sextant described
108
The Theory of the Sextant
110
The Adjustment of the Index Glass III
112
Woods Double Sextant
113
122a The Crosssection Polar Protractor
114
CHAPTER V
116
Adjustment of the Plate Bubbles
119
General Description of its Use
120
Location by Resection
122
Resection on Three Known Points
125
132135 Practical Problems
126
The Aneroid described
127
45
128
Use of the Aneroid
135
139 The Pedometer described
137
The Length of Mens Steps
138
140 Description and Use
139
141 Description and Use
141
142 Description and Use
142
143 Description
143
Theory of the Polar Planimeter
144
To find the Length of Arm to use
150
The Suspended Planimeter
152
Theory of the Rolling Planimeter
154
To Test the Accuracy of a Planimeter
157
The Use of the Planimeter
158
Accuracy of Planimeter Measurements
160
152 Description and Theory
161
Various Styles of Pantographs
163
Use of the Pantograph
165
Various Styles described
166
155 Description and Use
169
156a The Pocket Slide Rule
171
BOOK II
172
Land Monuments
173
Significance and Authority of Monuments
174
Lost Monuments
175
162 The Extent of the System
176
The Reference Lines
177
The Division into Townships
178
The Convergence of the Meridians
179
Corner Monuments
181
The Subdivision of Sections
183
The Running of Parallels
185
170 The Area defined
187
171 By the Use of the Chain alone
188
By the Use of the Compass or Transit and Chain
189
The Field Notes
190
Computing the Latitudes and Departures
195
Balancing the Survey
198
The Error of Closure
201
The Form of Reduction
202
Correction from Erroneous Length of Chain
205
183 Conditions of Application of the Method
208
Theory of the Method
209
The Form of Reduction 21
211
Plotting the Survey
216
Method of Computation stated 193
217
The Method by Offsets at Regular Intervals
218
190 The Problems of Infinite Variety
221
To cut from a Given Tract of Land a Given Area by a Right Line running in a Given Direction
223
193 The Problem Stated
228
The Interpretation of Descriptions in Deeds and the Identification of Boundaries
229
Water Boundaries and Meandered Lines
232
Treatment of Surplus and Deficiency
233
Examples in Land Surveying
234
CHAPTER VIII
237
Method by Transit and Stadia stated
238
200a The Use of an Interval Factor
244
Adaptation of Formula to Inclined Sights
246
Description and Use of the Stadia Tables
248
Porros Telescope having the Vertex of the Reading Angle at the Center of the Instrument
249
206 The Transit
251
Setting the Crosswires
252
Graduating the Stadia Rod
253
209 Topography
257
Reduction of the Notes
265
Plotting the Stadia Line
268
Check Readings
269
Plotting the Side Readings
270
Contour Lines
275
The Final Map
278
Topographical Symbols
279
CHAPTER IX
281
The Maps
283
Plotting the Survey
285
Making the Location on the Map
287
Another Method
291
CHAPTER X
293
226 Enumeration of Methods
294
By Two Angles read on Shore
295
Benchmarks
307
265 Title to Mining Claims
349
Location Surveys
351
Patent Surveying
355
53a A Field Determination of the Refraction Correction
360
Placer Claims
367
Amended Surveys
368
273 Underground Surveying
370
274a Stations
377
Carrying the Meridian into the Mine
386
274d Underground Leveling
389
274e Mapping the Survey
390
274f Problems of Underground Surveying
392
274g Surface Surveys
397
274h Court Maps
398
CHAPTER XII
400
The Contour Map
415
Erroneous Standards
416
True Standards
417
The Use of the Tape
418
Determination of the Normal Tension
420
The Working Tension
424
The Effect of Wind
425
The Effect of Slope
426
Checks
427
300 The Improvement of Streets
428
The Value of an Existing Monument
429
The Significance of Possession
431
Disturbed Corners and Inconsistent Plats
432
Treatment of Surplus and Deficiency
433
The investigation and Interpretation of Deeds
435
Preservation of Lines
436
The Want of Agreement between Surveyors
437
CHAPTER XIII
438
Grading over Extended Surfaces
440
Approximate Estimates by Means of Contours
443
The Prismoid
448
Areas of Crosssection
450
The Centre and Side Heights
451
Crosssectioning
452
Threelevel Sections the Upper Surface consisting of two Warped Surfaces
454
Construction of Tables for Prismoidal Computation
456
Threelevel Sections the Surface divided into Four Planes by Diagonals
461
Comparison of Volumes by Diagonals and by Warped Surfaces
463
Preliminary Estimates from the Profiles
465
Borrowpits
468
Excavations under Water
469
CHAPTER XIV
472
Triangulation Systems
473
The Baseline and its Connections
475
Tbe Reconnaissance
477
Instrumental Outfit for Reconnaissance
479
The Direction of Invisible Stations
480
Construction of Stations
485
Targets
486
Heliotropes
490
Station Marks
492
338 Methods
495
The Steel Tape
497
Method of Mounting and Stretching the Tape
498
Jäderins Method
501
The Absolute Length of Tape
503
The Coefficient of Expansion
504
The Modulus of Elasticity
505
Temperature Correction
507
Temperature Correction when a Metallic Thermometer is used
508
Correction for Alignment
510
Correction for Sag
513
To reduce a Broken Base to a Straight Line
516
Summary of Corrections
517
To compute any Portion of a Broken Base which cannot be directly measured
520
Accuracy attainable by Steeltape and Metallicwire Measure ments
521
356 The Instruments
525
The Filar Micrometer
528
The Programme of Observations
531
The Repeating Method
532
Adjustment of Horizontal Axis 119
533
Atmospheric Conditions
535
Geodetic Night Signals
536
364 Equations of Condition
539
Adjustment of a Triangle
541
366 The Geometrical Conditions
542
The Sideequation Adjustment
545
Rigorous Adjustment for Angle and Sideequations
549
Example of Quadrilateral Adjustment
552
370 Used only in Primary Triangulation
554
372 Conditions
558
The Observation for Latitude
562
First Method
563
Correction for Observations not on the Meridian
564
The Observation for Azimuth
565
Corrections for Observations near Elongation
567
The Target
568
381a Azimuth from Polaris at any Hour
569
382 Fundamental Relations
571
Time
572
Conversion of a Sidereal into a Mean Solar Time Interval and vice versa
575
To change Mean Time into Sidereal Time
576
To change from Sidereal to Mean Time
577
The Observation for Time
578
Selection of Stars with List of Southern TimeStars for each Month
579
Finding the Mean Time by Transit
582
Finding the Altitude
583
Making the Observations
584
Longitude
586
Computing the Geodetic Positions
587
Example of L M Z Computation
591
395 Of Two Kinds
592
Formulæ for Reciprocal Observations
593
Formulæ for Observations at One Station only
595
Formulæ for an Observed Angle of Depression to a Sea Horizon
597
To find the Value of the Coefficient of Refraction
598
401 Precise Levelling Defined
599
The Instruments
600
The Instrumental Constants
603
The Daily Adjustments
607
Field Methods
609
Limits of Error
612
Adjustment of Polygonal Systems
613
Determination of the Elevation of Mean Tide
617
CHAPTER XV
618
Trapezoidal Projection
619
The Simple Conic Projection
620
De lIsles Conic Projection
621
The Polyconic Projection
622
Meridian Distances in Table VIII
625
Summary
626
The Angle of Convergence of Meridians
628
420 MapLettering
629
Topographical Symbols
630
THE JUDICIAL FUNCTIONS OF SURVEYORS
633
APPENDIX
643
APPENDIX C
685
APPENDIX D
691
APPENDIX
702
THE ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS OF A SURVEY AND MAP AND THE OWNER
724
MICHIGAN LAWS FOR MAKING TOWN CITY AND VILLAGE PLATS
731
IV
764
EXERCISES WITH THE SOLAR COMPASS
822
Latitudes Departures and Meridian Distances 103
829
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Vanlige uttrykk og setninger

accuracy accurate adjustment angle attached axis azimuth base bearing boundaries bubble called centre circle claim compass computed corner correction corresponding course declination desired determined difference direction distance elevation equal equation error established evidence feet field fixed give given graduated ground height horizontal inches instrument intersection known land latitude length less line of sight lode marked mean measured meridian method miles mining minutes monuments move necessary needle notes object observation obtained original parallel plane plat plotted position record reference River rule scale shown side Sine square stakes standard star station surface survey surveyor taken tape telescope tion transit true United usually vernier vertical wires

Populære avsnitt

Side 682 - With regard to the platting of the claim and other office work in the surveyor-general's office, that officer will make an estimate of the cost thereof, which amount the claimant will deposit with any assistant United States treasurer or designated depository- in favor of the United States treasurer, to be passed to the credit of the fund created by "individual depositors for surveys of the public lands," and file with the surveyor-general duplicate certificates of such deposit in the usual manner.
Vises i 98 bøker fra 1847-1991
Side 682 - ... the applicants, and they shall be at liberty to obtain the same at the most reasonable rates, and they shall also be at liberty to employ any United States deputy surveyor to make the survey.
Vises i 162 bøker fra 1872-2007
Side 677 - ... such a description of the claim or claims located by reference to some natural object or permanent monument as will identify the claim.
Vises i 331 bøker fra 1813-2007
Side 684 - boundaries" and "extent" of the claim may be shown, it will be incumbent upon the adverse claimant to file a plat showing his entire claim, its relative situation or position with the one against which he claims, and the extent of the conflict...
Vises i 71 bøker fra 1872-1976
Side 738 - The public lands shall be divided by north and south lines run according to the true meridian, and by others crossing them at right angles, so as to form townships of six miles square...
Vises i 130 bøker fra 1803-2007
Side 842 - Mining 8vo, 2 00 Winthrop's Abridgment of Military Law 12mo, 2 50 Woodhull's Notes on Military...
Vises i 221 bøker fra 1878-2007
Side 738 - Territory," and which provided that said territory should be divided into "townships of six miles square, by lines running due north and south, and others crossing them at right angles
Vises i 50 bøker fra 1854-2002

Bibliografisk informasjon

QR code for The Theory and Practice of Surveying
TittelThe Theory and Practice of Surveying: Designed for the Use of Surveyors and Engineers Generally, But Especially of the Use of Students in Engineering
ForfatterJohn Butler Johnson
Utgave16
UtgiverJ. Wiley, 1900
Original fraUniversity of Michigan
Digitalisert5. aug 2006
Lengde838 sider
  
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