mixing unction with incoherence and ri- sermon. The famous whig tract, 'The Craftsmen: a Sermon composed by the late Daniel Burgess, and intended to be preached by him in the High Times, but prevented by the Burning of his Meeting House,' in Indep. Whig,' ii. 236, and separately, 2nd ed. 1720, 8vo, is by Thomas Gordon. Burgess married a Mrs. Briscoe, and had two daughters and a son. DANIEL BURGESS, M.A. (d. February1747), son of Daniel Burgess (d. 1713), seems to have had the status of a minister, for 'Daniel Burgess' appears among the signatures to the non-subscribers' advices for peace at Salters' Hall, 10 March 1719; but in 1702 he received a government appointment, and in 1714 was sent to Hanover as secretary and reader to the Princess Sophia. He held the same post to the Princess of Wales, and, according to Calamy,' of his own head' made the first motion to Viscount Townshend for an English regium donum, which was paid (5007. half-yearly) through him from April 1723. He published 'A Letter to the Bishop of Salisbury, occasioned by his Son's Letter to the Earl of Halifax,' 1715, 8vo (anon.) and 'A Short Account of the Roman Senate,' 1729, 4to. [Henry's Funeral Sermon for Burgess, 1713; Of Burgess's publications Bogue and Ben- Calamy's Continuation, 1727, p. 872; Walker's nett give, after Henry, an imperfect list of Sufferings of the Clergy, 1714, ii. 92 (wrongly thirty-two without dates, beginning with numbered 94), 336, 373; Palmer's Nonconf. "Soliloquies,' which he printed in Ireland, Memorial, 1802, pp. 298, 330; Prot. Diss. Mag. and ending with a Latin defence of nonconvol. vi.; Bogue and Bennett's Hist. of Dissenformity, Appellatio ad Fratres exteros.' ters, 1809, ii. 270 seq.; Salmon's Chron. Hist. Among his works are: 1. 'A Call to Sinners,' 1733, p. 320; T. Brown's Works, 9th ed. 1760, 1689, 8vo (written at the request of Baron. 100; Caulfield's Portraits, 1819, i. 82; Rotheram, for the use of condemned crimi- Calamy's Hist. Account of my own Life, 2nd ed. nals). 2. 'Seasonable Words for English Pro-1830, ii. 465 seq.; Walter Wilson's MSS. in Dr. Williams's Library.] testants,' 1690, 4to. 3. 'The Characters of a Godly Man,' 1691, 8vo. 4. 'Eighteen Directions for Saving Conversion to God,' 1691, 8vo. 5. The Death and Rest, Resurrection and blessed Portion of the Saints' (Dan. xii. 13), 1692, 12mo. 6. 'A Discourse of the Death and Resurrection of good Men's Bodies,' 1692, 8vo. 7. 'The Confirming Work of Religion,' 1693, 8vo. 8. 'The Sure Way to Wealth even while Taxes rise and Trades sink,' 1693, 8vo. 9. 'Rules for hearing the Word of God,' &c., 2nd ed. 1693, 8vo. 10. Holy Union and Holy Contention, &c.' 1695, 8vo. 11. 'Rules and Motives to Holy Prayer,' 1696, 8vo. 12. 'Causa Dei; or Counsel to the Rich,' 1697, 8vo. 13. The Golden Snuffers' [Ex. xxxvii. 23], 1697, 12mo (a favourite illustration with him, see Foolish Talking, p. 93. This was the first sermon preached to the Societies, for the Reformation of Manners). He superintended the third edition (1681) of Robert Fleming's 'The Fulfilling of the Scripture.' A. G. BURGESS, HENRY, LL.D. (18081886), divine, born in 1808, was educated in the Dissenting College at Stepney, where he obtained a high standing in Hebrew and classical learning. After ministering to a nonconformist congregation, he was ordained deacon in 1850 and priest in 1851 by Dr. Lee, bishop of Manchester. He took the degree of LL.D. at Glasgow University in 1851 and that of Ph.D. at the university of Göttingen in the following year. He held the perpetual curacy of Clifton Reynes, Buckinghamshire, from 1854 to 1861, when he was appointed by the lord chancellor to the vicarage of St. Andrew, Whittlesea, Cambridgeshire, in recognition of his services to theological learning. That benefice he held till his death on 10 Feb. 1886. His principal works are: 1. A translation from the Syriac language of the Metrical Hymns and Homilies of St. Ephrem Syrus, with Philological Notes and Dissertations would not be scandalised by his wearing the on the Syrian Metrical Church Literature,' surplice and using the ceremonies, he would 2 vols. 1835. 2. The Country Miscellany,' conform; if their consciences would be 2 vols. 1836-7. 3. Poems,' 1850, dedicated wounded by his submission, he would not. to the Marchioness of Bute. 4. Translation They answered that if he wore the surplice of the Festal Letters of St. Athanasius,' 'they would never profit by his ministry,' 1852, a work which, after being long lost in and accepting the verdict he resigned. Very the original Greek, was recovered in an an- soon they all bitterly regretted their decicient Syriac version, and edited for the Ox- sion, but it was too late. ford Library of the Fathers' by the Rev. H. G. Williams. 5. The Reformed Church of England in its Principles and their legitimate Development,' 1869. 6.Essays, Biblical and Ecclesiastical, relating chiefly to the Authority and Interpretation of the Holy Scriptures.' 7. 'The Art of Preaching and the Composition of Sermons,' 1881. He prepared the second edition of Kitto's 'Cyclopædia of Biblical Literature,' and he was for some years editor of the 'Clerical Journal' (1854-68) and the 'Journal of Sacred Lite BURGESS, JOHN (1563–1635), who held a unique position in the so-called puritan section of the English clergy, was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, and graduated at that university as B.A. in 1586. From his having been rector of the small living of St. Peter Hungate in Norwich as early as 1590, when he can hardly have been more than twenty-seven years old, it may be conjectured that he was a Norfolk man. When proceedings were taken against Cartwright and his supporters, and the rigour of the dominant party in the church began to be felt by all except the narrowest conformists, Burgess, whose sympathies were all with the puritan party, threw the responsibility of choosing what course he should adopt upon his congregation at Norwich. For himself he accepted loyally the position which Cartwright had taken up at the first-for the surplice and the cross in baptism, they were not unlawful, they were inexpedient. From that position Burgess never departed through his life; with him it was always a question of degree; the ceremonies at one time might be so inexpedient as to be ruinous to the church that adopted them, at another so unimportant the one way or the other that they were not worth disputing about. In the one case it was a man's duty to suffer the loss of all things rather than submit to them, in the other case it was his duty to submit for peace sake and to avoid schism or strife. With this view of the case he left himself in the hands of his congregation; if they Not long after this Burgess removed into the diocese of Lincoln, and had for his diocesan William Chadderton, who was translated from Chester in 1595. Here he held some benefice the name of which has not been ascertained, and Chadderton seems to have left him unmolested during the remainder of Queen Elizabeth's reign. Throughout the first year after James I's accession the nonconformist party gave the king no peace. On 16 July 1604 a proclamation was issued requiring all ministers to conform to the new book of ecclesiastical canons be fore the last day of November following. The and alarmed, and it is clear that Burgess was nonconforming clergy were much distressed regarded as a leading man among the conscientiously disaffected. While the convocation was deliberating on the canons he was called upon to explain the ground he took and to preach before the king at Greenwich on 19 June 1604. Burgess chose his text from Psalm cxxii. 8, 9. The sermon was a poor performance and somewhat offensive in its tone, but one passage seems to have provoked the king beyond measure, though it is difficult to say why. Burgess likened the ceremonies to Pollio's glasses, which were not worth a man's life or livelihood,' and for this and other expressions he was sent to the Tower. He was not kept long in prison; on sending a written copy of his sermon with a most humble letter of submission to the king and another to the lords of the privy council, he was released, though he tells us he was of mind either to refuse subscription .. or else to be assured by the bishop... that there was no such variation in the doctrine or intention of the church as [he] and others suspected.' With this view he drew up his 'Apology,' which was addressed to Bishop Chadderton, and sent to him in manuscript; another copy was presented to the king by Sir Tho mas Jermyn of Rushbrook, Suffolk, whom Burgess calls 'mine honorable friend.' Burgess evidently was proud of this performance; the pamphlet was circulated somewhat widely, and Dr. Covell, afterwards subdean of Lincoln, was ordered to prepare an answer, and thus,' says Burgess, that writing which was private became public without my knowledge of it; but no man can truly say that in 6 that book I say anything at all to prove these ceremonies unlawful to be used, whatever be there said against the urging of them.' When the day appointed for subscribing to the canons arrived, Burgess refused, resigned his living, and was silenced; thereupon he left England and retired to Leyden, where for the next six or seven years he studied medicine and took the degree of doctor of physic. He seems to have returned to England in 1612 or 1613; in June of the latter year James I wrote a letter to the university of Cambridge complaining that he had been allowed to take the degree of doctor of physic without subscription to the three articles of the 36th canon, branding him as one who upon a humour or spirit of faction or schism apostatising from his orders and ministry, hath betaken himself to the profession of physic.' The university, in consequence of the king's letter, passed a statute enacting that none should take the doctorate in any faculty without previously subscribing. The king had not yet done with him. Burgess had taken up his residence in London, and by a stretch of the royal prerogative he was prevented from practising physic in London on the ground that he had been in holy orders. Hereupon he removed to Isleworth, and here he rapidly acquired a very large and lucrative practice. Sir Theodore Mayerne, the great court physician, warmly defended him, and among other illustrious patients was Lucy, countess of Bedford, who for a time was so much under his influence that Donne, in one of his letters, complains that Burgess had induced her ladyship to treat him with coldness at a time when he sorely needed her help. In June 1616 Bacon wrote to Villiers suggesting that he should intercede for Burgess with the king, saying that the doctor was then prepared to subscribe, desired to resume his ministry, and that there was some talk of the benchers of Gray's Inn choosing him as their preacher. It does not appear that he ever was chosen, but he was elected to a preachership at Bishopsgate, and six months afterwards he was offered and he accepted the living of Sutton Coldfield in Warwickshire, which had been resigned by Dr. Chetwynd on his promotion to the deanery of Bristol in July 1617. On the 5th of that month he preached at Paul's Cross, where, writes Chamberlain to Carleton, 'Mr. Secretary (Winwood) and his lady were present, and as great an auditory as hath been seen there. . . . For my part,' he adds, 'I can discover nothing so extraordinary in him but opinion.' Burgess's friends in London were not pleased at his removal to the country; perhaps they thought that he might have expected higher preferment if he remained near the court. He himself had reason to know that James I never loved him, and that there was nothing to expect from royal favour. When Sir Horatio Vere went out to engage in the war of the Palatinate in 1620, Burgess accompanied him as his chaplain; he does not seem to have remained long with the English force, and he was succeeded by his future son-in-law, Dr. Ames. January 1625 Bishop Morton collated him to the prebendal stall of Wellington in the cathedral of Lichfield, which he subsequently resigned for that of Hamsacre in the same church. In At Sutton Coldfield he continued to reside till the end of his life, being, as Wood tells us, 'held in much respect among the godly.' On 10 July 1627 Burgess was one of fiftynine Cambridge men who incorporated at Oxford, at which time liberty was allowed to him by the venerable congregation that he might study in the public library, being then a conformist to the church of England.' Four years after this he published his last work, 'An Answer Rejoyned to that much applauded Pamphlet of a Namelesse Author, bearing this Title, viz. "A Reply to Dr. Morton's General Defence of three nocent Ceremonies, &c." . . . Published by his Majestie's special command, London, 4to, 1631.' The book, though the subject is worn out and repulsive, is a pathetic and generous one, and the preface, in which he glances at his previous career, is characterised by great earnestness and nobility of sentiment. Burgess died 31 Aug. 1635, aged 74, 'or thereabouts,' as Wood says, and was buried in the chancel of Sutton Coldfield church, where a monument exists to his memory. He seems never to have quite relinquished his medical practice, for as late as August 1634 he was admitted an extra licentiate of the College of Physicians. Possibly this may have been no more than a complimentary degree. In the preface alluded to above he boasts 'I have parted with more profit by taking up Conformity and a Benefice than any man in England hath done by his Inconformity and loss of his benefice; therefore it was not a benefice that drew me on.' Burgess married Dorothy, daughter of Thomas Wilcox, whose works he edited in folio in 1624. By her he had at least three daughters, one married to Dr. William Ames [q. v.], an eminent nonconformist divine; one to Mr. William Hill, master of the school at Sutton Coldfield; a third to a certain Mr. Sherman, of whom nothing is known. Dr. Munk credits him with a son, but he is almost certainly mistaken. [Wood's Athenæ Oxon. (Bliss), i. 691, ii. 641, 647, iii. 800; Fasti, ii. 434; Heylyn's Hist. of Presbyt. 377, 380; Cal. of State Papers, Dom. Ser. 1603-10, p. 127; Cooper's Annals of Cambridge, iii. 59, 60; Ussher's Works (Elrington), xvi. 333; Court and Times of James I, i. 262, 303, 424, ii. 28; Bacon's Letters (Spedding), v. 372, 373; Le Neve's Fasti; Arthur Wilson's James I, anno 1603-20; Donne's Letters 4to, 1654, 218; Burgess's Answer Rejoyned, 4to, 1631, Preface, 14 et seq.; Munk's Coll. of Phys. i. 201; MS. of Burgess, sermon (in the writer's possession) preached at Greenwich-it is incomplete.] A. J. BURGESS, JOHN (d. 1671), ejected minister, was the son of a Devonshire clergyman and a graduate. He obtained the rectory of Ashprington, Devonshire, on the sequestration of John Lethbridge (d. 2 Sept. 1655). It is remarkable that on Burgess's ejection in 1662 the patron, Edward Giles of Bowden, gave him the next presentation, which Burgess disposed of for 500l. He removed to Dartmouth to reside with Allen Geare, M.A., ejected from St. Saviour's (d. December 1662); and afterwards to London, where he had a daughter married to Thomas Brooks. He lived at Hackney, where he and others kept up a small private congregation; and at Islington, where he had a boarding-house connected with John Singleton's school. He was probably an independent. Calamy calls him a man of extraordinary abilities. He died in 1671. Philip Henry gives an account of his funeral at Islington on 7 Sept. 1671, attended by over a hundred ministers. [Calamy's Account, 1713, p. 242; Continuation, 1727, p. 282; Walker's Sufferings of the Clergy, 1714, p. 292; Palmer's Nonconf. Memorial, 1802, ii. 3; Univ. Theol. Mag. 1803, p. 184; Lee's Diaries and Letters of Philip Henry, 1882, p. 242.] A. G. BURGESS, JOHN CART (1798-1863), flower and landscape painter, born in 1798, was a grandson of the portrait-painter, William Burgess (d. 1812) [q. v.]. He commenced the profession as a painter of flowers and fruit in water-colours, and first exhibited at the Royal Academy three flower pieces in 1812; at that time residing at 46 Sloane Square, Chelsea. He also exhibited in Suffolk Street and at the British Institution. His works were much admired, and in brilliancy and beauty of execution rivalled those of Van Huysum. Marrying at the age of twenty-seven, the requirements of a growing family compelled him to relinquish painting for the more lucrative occupation of teaching, and for many years he held a prominent position as a master. Among his pupils he numbered BURGESS, RICHARD (1796-1881), biblical scholar, was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, where he graduated, and was ordained deacon in 1820, priest 1823, by Dr. Vernon-Harcourt, archbishop of York. In 1828 he was domestic chaplain to Lord Aylmer, and chaplain to the English residents at Geneva. In 1831 he became chaplain to a Church of England congregation at Rome. He was made rector of Upper Chelsea in 1836. He continued his incumbency for twenty-five years. In 1861 a testimonial worth 1,2007. was presented to him by his parishioners and friends. Mr. Gladstone, on behalf of the crown, presented him in 1869 to the rectory of Horningsheathwith-Ickworth, near Bury St. Edmunds, and the prebendal stall of Tottenhall in St. Paul's Cathedral was conferred upon him in 1850. He died on 12 April 1881 at Brighton, aged 85. Burgess was honorary secretary to the Foreign Aid Society, honorary member of the Royal Institute of British Architects, corresponding member of the Pontifical Archæological Academy at Rome, and for eight years the honorary secretary to the London Diocesan Board of Education. He was deeply interested in the subject of national education, and wrote several pieces on national schools, school teachers, education by rates or taxes, besides letters to Sir James Graham, Sir George Grey, Dr. Hook, the Bishop of London, and the Archbishop of Canterbury, on kindred subjects. He was a voluminous writer. In addition to a variety of sermons, his chief works are: 1. Description of the Circus on the Via Appia near Rome, with some account of the Circensian Games,' Lond. 1828, translated into Italian in 1829 by Giuseppe Porta. 2. 'The Topography and Antiquities of Rome, including the recent discoveries made about the Forum and the Via Sacra,' 2 vols. Lond. 1831. 3. 'Lectures on the Insufficiency of Unrevealed Religion, and on the succeeding influence of Christianity, delivered in the English Chapel at Rome,' Lond. 1832. 4. 'Greece and the Levant, or Diary of a Summer's Excursion,' 2 vols. Lond. 1835. 5. An Enquiry into the state of the Church of England Congregations in France, Belgium, and Switzerland,' Lond. 1850. 6. 'Sermons for the Times,' Lond. 1851. 7. The Confessional,' Lond. 1852. 8. Constantinople, and Greek Christianity,' Lond. 1855. 9.A City for the Pope, or the Solution of the Roman Question,' Lond. 1860. [Cooper's Men of the Time (10th edit.); Brit. Mus. Cat.; Times, 19 April 1881.] J. M. BURGESS, THOMAS (A. 1786), painter, received his art education at the St. Martin's Lane academy, and on becoming in 1766 a member of the Incorporated Society of Artists, sent to its exhibitions numerous portraits, conversation-pieces, and studies of various life. In 1778, when living in Kemp's Row, Chelsea, he was represented for the first time at the Royal Academy by three pictures,William the Conqueror dismounted by his eldest Son,'' Hannibal swearing Enmity to the Romans,' and 'Our Saviour's Appearance to Mary Magdalen.' He afterwards exhibited a portrait of himself and some landscapes. In 1786 appeared 'The Death of Athelwold,' his last contribution to the Academy. As a teacher Burgess attained a high reputation, and for some time kept a drawing school in Maiden Lane which had considerable success. [Redgrave's Dictionary of Artists (1878), p. 62.1 G. G. BURGESS, THOMAS (1784?-1807), painter, a son of William Burgess (d. 1812) [q. v.], and grandson of Thomas Burgess A. 1786) [q. v.], made his first appearance at the Royal Academy in 1802, when he contributed Market Gardener's House at Walham Green.' In 1803 he exhibited 'Landscape and Flowers;' in 1804, Ruins of a Fire in Soho;' and in 1805 and 1806, Derbyshire and Devonshire Views. Of a delicate constitution, he was attacked with consumption, and died at his father's house in Sloane Square, Chelsea, on 23 Nov. 1807, aged 23, an artist of great promise. 1782 took his M.A., and became a tutor of his college. In 1783 he was elected to a fellowship. In 1784 he was ordained deacon and priest by Bishop Cornwall of Winchester. In 1785 he was appointed examining chaplain to Bishop Shute Barrington of Salisbury. Up to 1791 he continued to reside at Oxford, publishing various works on points of scholarship; but he gradually 'turned his attention to sacred studies'-learnt Hebrew, and 'imbibed deep and serious views of divine truth.' He assisted in the promotion of Sunday schools in the diocese of Salisbury, wrote a pamphlet against slavery and the slave trade (1788), and became the friend of Hannah More and other prominent members of the evangelical party. In 1791 Bishop Barrington was translated to Durham, and Burgess, still remaining his chaplain, quitted Oxford for the north. In 1794 he was appointed by the bishop to one of the valuable prebends of Durham Cathedral, and in 1795 to the sweet and delightful' living of Winston in the same county. In 1799 he married a Miss Bright. He continued to publish various treatises on classical and devotional subjects, and took a prominent share in all religious and educational movements. In June 1803 his old friend Addington, then prime minister, appointed him bishop of St. David's. The bishopric of St. David's was at that time hardly worth 1,2007. a year, and, being regarded merely as a stepping-stone to further promotion, its occupants not unfrequently completely neglected the duties of their office. But Burgess's continued tenure of his Durham prebend gave him an adequate income, and he devoted himself with such zeal to the reformation of his diocese as to make a deep mark on the history of the Welsh church. He found the clergy ill educated, careless of their duties, often drunken and immoral. The livings were too poor to attract university men, and a year at the grammar school of Ystradmeurig was thought enough to qualify a youth fresh from the plough, and imperfectly acquainted with the English language, for holy orders. Burgess's first step BURGESS, THOMAS, D.D. (1756-1837), to improve classical education was to license successively bishop of St. David's and Salis- four grammar schools, at which seven years' bury, born 18 Nov. 1756, was the son of a study was required before ordination. In grocer of Odiham in Hampshire. He was 1804 he established the Society for Prosent in 1763 to Odiham grammar school, and moting Christian Knowledge and Church thence in 1768 to Winchester. In 1775 he Union in the Diocese of St. David's,' which became a scholar of Corpus Christi College, aimed at raising the standard of classical Oxford. In 1777, while still an under- education, at providing English and Sungraduate, he re-edited Burton's 'Pentalogia.' day schools for the poor, at spreading reliHe took his B.A. on 17 Dec. 1778, won a gious books, and at founding libraries and a prize essay in 1780, published a new edition superannuation fund for the poorer clergy. of Dawes's 'Miscellanea Critica,' which won Before long the bishop began to collect subfor him the friendship of Tyrwhitt, and inscriptions with a view to establishing a [Redgrave's Dictionary of Artists, 1878, p. 62; Gent. Mag. lxxvii. ii. 1177.] G. G. |