could open well without having a glass of bers; authorities quoted in the text.] lock, Shropshire, near to which was his own estate. He was during his parliamentary career (1744-54) a supporter of Pelham's whig ministry. Before this time he had written a poem of some length on 'Design and Beauty,' addressed to Highmore the painter, and among his other productions A Pipe of Tobacco,' an ode in imitation of Pope, Swift, Thomson, and other poets then living, had gained a considerable measure of popularity. His principal work, published in 1754, was a Latin BROWNE, ISAAC HAWKINS, the poem on the immortality of the soul-'De younger (1745-1818), only child of Isaac Animi Immortalitate'-which received high Hawkins Browne the elder [q. v.], was born commendation from the scholars of his time. 7 Dec. 1745. He was educated at WestOf this there have been several English trans- minster School and Hertford College, Oxlations, the best known of which is by Soame ford. Long after taking his M.A. in 1767, Jenyns. After a lingering illness he died in he kept his rooms at Oxford and frequently London on 14 Feb. 1760. An edition of his resided there; in 1773 he received the depoems was published by his son [see BROWNE, gree of D.C.L. Having made a tour on ISAAC HAWKINS, the younger] in 1768. the continent, he settled on his property in Browne had little aptitude for professional or Shropshire, and in 1783 served as sheriff for public life, but he was a man of lively talents the county. In 1784 he entered the House and varied accomplishments. The humour of of Commons as member for Bridgnorth, some of his lighter pieces has not wholly which he represented for twenty-eight years evaporated, and the gaiety of his genius is (1784-1812); he was a supporter of Pitt. vouched by contemporaries of much wider Like his father, he seems to have had no gift celebrity. Warburton, praising the poem on for oratory, but when he spoke his estathe soul, adds that it gives me the more blished reputation for superior knowledge pleasure as it seems to be a mark of the and judgment secured to him that attention author getting serious' (NICHOLS, Illustr. of which might have been wanting to him on Lit. ii. 33). Mrs. Piozzi reports Dr. Johnson other accounts.' In 1815 he published, anonyas saying of Browne that he was 'of all con- mously, Essays, Religious and Moral;" versers the most delightful with whom I ever this work he afterwards acknowledged, and company; his talk was at once so ele- an edition published two years later bears gant, so apparently artless, so pure and so his name. His Essays on Subjects of impleasing, it seemed a perpetual stream of sen- portant Inquiry in Metaphysics, Morals, and timent, enlivened by gaiety and sparkling Religion' (1822) were not published till with images' (MRS. PIOZZI, Anecdotes of after his death; if the seriousness of his Dr. Johnson, 1786). And fifteen years after mind is shown by the spirit of this volume, Browne's death Johnson is found thus illus- his exactness and capacity for taking pains trating the proposition that a man's powers are illustrated by the array of authorities are not to be judged by his capacity for pub- by which the text is supported. Bishop Newlic speech: Isaac Hawkins Browne, one of ton (Life of Thomas Newton, D.D., Bishop the first wits of this country, got into par- of Bristol, 1782) speaks of him as 6 a very liament and never opened his mouth' (Bos-worthy, good young man, possessed of many WELL, Johnson, 5 April 1775). In the 'Tour of his father's excellencies without his failto the Hebrides,' two years earlier, Boswell ings,' and this portrait is completed by a writes (5 Sept. 1773): After supper Dr. contemporary biographer, who, mentioning Johnson told us that Isaac Hawkins Browne that Charles James Fox was a fellow-student drank freely for thirty years, and that he with Browne and of the same college, is wrote his poem "De Animi Immortalitate" careful to add that they formed no intimacy, in some of the last of these years. I listened their pursuits, habits, and connections being to this with the eagerness of one who, con- of a widely different character.' In 1768 scious of being himself fond of wine, is glad he edited his father's poems in two editions, to hear that a man of so much genius and the best of which, with plates by Sterne, was good thinking as Browne had the same pro- not for sale. This edition, it may be prepensity. This story is confirmed to some sumed, contained the memoir of his father, extent by Bishop Newton, who speaks of which he is said to have issued with his Browne's 'failings,' and draws a parallel be- works; in any case there is no memoir in tween him and Addison: They were both the edition offered to the public, which excellent companions, but neither of them is the only one generally accessible, though was in BROWNE or BROWN, JAMES (16161685), theologian, son of a father of the same names, of Mangotsfield, Gloucestershire, matriculated at Oxford as a student of Oriel in 1634, and took his B.A. degree in 1638. He then left the university, and is said to have become a chaplain in the parliamentarian army and to have been an eager disputant. On the Restoration he conformed. | He wrote: 1.'Antichrist in Spirit,' a work answered by George Fox in his Great Mystery of the Great Whore,' pp. 259, 260, where the author's name is spelt Brown. 2. 'Scripture Redemption freed from Men's Restrictions,' 1673, and printed with it. 3. 'The Substance of several Conferences and Disputes . . . about the Death of our Redeemer.' [Wood's Athenæ Oxon. (ed. Bliss), iv. 504; Fox's Great Mystery (ed. 1659), 259.] W. H. BROWNE, JAMES, LL.D. (1793-1841), journalist and author, was the son of a manufacturer at Coupar Angus, and was born at Whitefield, parish of Cargill, Perthshire, in 1793. He was educated for the ministry of the church of Scotland at the university of St. Andrews, where he specially distinguished himself in classics. After obtaining license to preach he spent some time on the continent as tutor in a private family. On his return to Scotland he acted as assistant classical master in Perth Academy, officiating at the same time as interim assistant to the minister of Kinnoul, Perthshire. About this time he published anonymously a ' History of the Inquisition,' which obtained a large circulation, and in 1817 he printed a sermon preached on the death of the Princess Charlotte. Either because he found his work uncongenial, or because he saw little prospect of obtaining a parish, he resolved to study for the bar. He passed advocate in 1826, and received the degree of LL.D. from the university of St. Andrews; but failing to obtain a practice at the bar he gradually turned his attention wholly to literature. For some time he acted as editor of the 'Scots Magazine,' and in 1827 he became editor of the Caledonian Mercury,' to which in the same year he con VOL. VII. tributed certain articles which assisted to bring to light the Burke and Hare murders. During his editorship of the Mercury' he became involved in a dispute with Mr. Charles Maclaren, editor of the Scotsman,' with the result that they fought a duel, in which neither was injured. In 1830 he resigned the editorship of the Mercury,' and started the 'North Britain;' but after the discontinuance of that paper he resumed the editorship of the Mercury.' When the issue of the seventh edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica' was resolved upon, he was appointed assistant editor. In his books and in his newspaper articles the excitability of his temperament was mirrored in a boisterous and blustering mode of expression, cleverly caricatured in an article in 'Blackwood" (vol. xviii.), entitled 'Some Passages in the Life of Colonel Cloud.' He was the author of: 1. A Sketch of the History of Edinburgh,' attached to Ewbank's Picturesque Views of Edinburgh,' 1823-5. 2. 'Critical Examination of Macculloch's Work on the Highlands and Islands of Scotland,' 1826. 3. 'Aperçu sur les Hiéroglyphes d'Egypte,' Paris, 1827; a French translation of articles contributed to the "Edinburgh Review.' 4. 'Remarks on the Study of the Civil Law, occasioned by Mr. Brougham's late attack on the Scottish Bar,' 1828. 5. A popular and interesting 'History of the Highlands and of the Highland Clans,' in four volumes, 1st ed. 1835-8, 2nd ed. 1845. By his excessive literary labours he overtasked his strength and induced a severe attack of paralysis, from which his recovery was never more than partial. He died April 1841 at Woodbine Cottage, Trinity, near Edinburgh, and was buried in Duddingstone churchyard. In his later years he became a convert to the Roman catholic faith, and he wrote a tractate, entitled 'Examination of Sir Walter Scott's Opinions regarding Popery,' which was published posthumously in 1845. [Caledonian Mercury, 10 April 1841; Gent. Mag. new ser. xv. 662; Anderson's Scottish Nation, ii. 400-1; Encyc. Brit. 9th ed. iv. 389.] T. F. H. BROWNE, JOHN (1642-1700?), surgeon, was born in 1642, probably at Norwich, where he lived in the early part of his life. He was of a surgical family, being, as he says, 'conversant with chirurgery almost from my cradle, being the sixth generation of my own relations, all eminent masters of our profession.' Among these relations was one William Crop, an eminent surgeon in Norfolk. He was acquainted with the celebrated E Sir Thomas Browne of Norwich [q. v.], who wrote commendatory letters prefixed to two of his namesake's books, but there is no mention of any kinship between them. Browne studied at St. Thomas's Hospital, London, under Thomas Hollyer, but after serving as a surgeon in the navy settled down at Norwich. In 1677 he published his book on tumours, and in the following year migrated to London, being about the same time made surgeon in ordinary to King Charles II. On the occasion of a vacancy for a surgeon at St. Thomas's Hospital, the king sent a letter recommending him for the appointment, and he was elected by the governors on 21 June 1683, in all humble submission to his majesty's letter,' though the claims of another surgeon, Edward Rice, who had taken charge of the hospital during the plague of 1665, when all the surgeons deserted their posts, were manifestly superior. This royal interference did not in the end prove a happy circumstance for Browne. In 1691 complaints arose that the surgeons did not obey the regulations of the hospital, and pretended that being appointed by royal mandamus they were not responsible to the governors. In the changed state of politics, and under the guidance of their able president, Sir Robert Clayton, the governors were determined to maintain their authority, and on 7 July 1691 they put out' the whole of their surgical staff, including Browne, and appointed other surgeons in their place. Browne appealed to the lords commissioners of the great seal, and the governors were called upon to defend their proceedings. The decision apparently went in their favour, for in 1698 Browne humbly petitioned the governors to be reinstated, though without success. Browne managed to continue in court favour after the revolution, and was surgeon to William III. He died probably early in the eighteenth century. Browne was a well-educated man, and in all likelihood a good surgeon, as he was certainly a well-trained anatomist according to the standard of the day. His books show no lack of professional knowledge, though they are wanting in originality. The most notable perhaps is Charisma Basilicon, or an Account of the Royal Gift of Healing,' where he describes the method pursued by Charles II in touching for the king's evil,' with which as the king's surgeon he was officially concerned. Though full of gross adulation and a credulity which it is difficult to believe sincere, it is the best contemporary account of this curious rite as practised by the Stuart kings, and gives statistics of the numbers of persons touched (amounting be tween 1660 and 1682 to 92,107). His treatise on the muscles consists of six lectures, illustrated by elaborate copper-plates, of which the engraving is better than the drawing. It is probably the first of such books in which the names of the muscles are printed on the figures. Browne's portrait, engraved by R. White, is prefixed in different states to each of his books. He wrote: 1. 'A Treatise of Preternatural Tumours,' 8vo, London, 1678 (with plates). 2. A Complete Discourse of Wounds,' 4to, London, 1678 (plates). 3. Adeno-Choiradelogia, or an Anatomick-Chirurgical Treatise,' &c., 8vo, London, 1684; in three parts with separate titles, viz. (1) Adenographia, or an Anatomical Treatise of the Glandules;' (2) Choradelogia, or an exact Discourse of Strumaes or King's Evil Swellings ;' (3) Charisma Basilicon, or the Royal Gift of Healing Strumaes, &c., by Contact or Imposition of the Sacred Hands of our Kings of England and of France.' 4. Myographia Nova, or a graphical description of all the Muscles in the Human Body; with one and forty copper-plates,' London, 1684; 2nd ed. Lugd. Batavorum, 1687; 3rd ed. London, 1697; 4th ed. London, 1698. 5. The Surgeon's Assistant,' 8vo, London, 1703. [Browne's Works; Archives of St. Thomas's Hospital.] J. F. P. BROWNE, JOHN (1741-1801), engraver, was born at Finchfield, Essex, 26 April 1741. He was the posthumous son of the rector of Boston, Norfolk, and was educated at Norwich. In 1756 he was apprenticed to John Tinney, the engraver, who was also William Woollett's master. With Tinney he remained till 1761, and then placed himself under Woollett, many of whose plates were commenced by Browne. On leaving Woollett he engraved a series of plates after N. Poussin, P. P. Rubens, Claude Lorraine, and other eminent masters. Browne practised exclusively as an engraver of landscape, and attained to a high degree of excellence in that department. He was elected an associate engraver of the Royal Academy in 1770, and exhibited thirteen plates between 1767 and 1801. He died in West Lane, Walworth, 2 Oct. 1801. The following are some of his most important works, which are to be seen in our national collection of prints: "The Watering Place,' after Rubens; The Forest," after Sir George Beaumont; 'St. John the Baptist in the Wilderness,' after S. Rosa; A View of the Gate of the Emperor Akbar at Secundrii,' after Hodges; The Cascade,' after G. Poussin; and four plates from his own designs, Morning,' 'Evening,' 'After Sunset,' and Moonlight; also several large known publication, also on the plague, was plates after Claude Lorraine. [Redgrave's Dictionary of Artists, 1878.] L. F. BROWNE, JOSEPH (A. 1706), physician, has been generally described as a charlatan. His origin is unknown, and the particulars of his personal history are scanty, but it is probable that he was the Joseph Browne of Jesus College, Cambridge, who proceeded M.B. 1695; that he took the degree of M.D. does not appear, though he assumed the title. In 1706 he was twice convicted for libelling Queen Anne's administration. The first of these occasions, when he was fined forty marks and ordered to stand in the pillory, was for the publication of The Country Parson's Honest Advice to that judicious and worthy Minister of State my Lord Keeper.' In a letter addressed to Secretary Harley, 'occasioned by his late committment to Newgate,' he denies the authorship of this pamphlet, of which at the same time he gives a professedly disinterested explanation. He also speaks of Harley as having not only treated him like a patriot, but given him friendly advice.' For thus undertaking the office of political interpreter he was again fined forty marks and ordered to stand in the pillory twice. He has been described as a mere tool of the booksellers and always needy '(GRANGER, Biog. Hist. of England (Noble's continuation), ii. 232). It is at any rate certain that he was an industrious writer, and that his effrontery may be discerned through an obscure and rambling style. He wrote and lectured against Harvey's theory of the circulation of the blood, and he continued the Examiner' after it had been dropped by Mrs. Manley, who had succeeded Swift and others; consequently it became as inferior to what it had been as addressed to the president and members of the Royal College of Physicians, with which body he was not affiliated. Beyond the date of this publication (1721) there is no trace of him. [Brit. Mus. Cat.; Granger's Biog. Hist. of England, continuation by Noble, ii. 232; Notes and Queries, 3rd ser. i. 465, ii. 13.] J. M. S. BROWNE, JOSEPH (1700-1767), proVost of Queen's College, Oxford, son of George Browne, yeoman, was born at a place called the Tongue in Watermillock, Cumberland, educated at Barton school, and admitted commoner of Queen's College, Oxford, on 21 March 1716-17, the expense of his education being, it is said, partly defrayed by a private benefactor. He was elected tabarder on the foundation of his college, and, having graduated M.A. on 4 Nov. 1724, became a chaplain there. He was elected fellow 1 April 1731, and became a successful tutor; took the degree of D.D. 9 July 1743, and was presented by the college with the living of Bramshot, Hampshire, 1746. In that year he was appointed professor of natural philosophy, and held that office until his death. He was instituted prebendary of Hereford on 9 June of the same year (he was afterwards called into residence), and on 13 Feb. 1752 was collated to the chancellorship of the cathedral. On 3 Dec. 1756 he was elected provost of Queen's College. From 1759 to 1765 he held the office of vicechancellor of the university. He had a severe stroke of palsy 25 March 1765, and died on 17 June 1767. He edited 'Maffei S. R. E. Card. Barberini postea Urbani VII Poemata,' 1726. W. H. [Hutchinson's History of Cumberland, i. 426, 427; Wood's History and Antiquities of the Colleges and Halls (Gutch), 149, app. 172, 173; his abilities were to theirs' (ib.) Following Fasti (Hardy), i. 494, 496. The lives of Dr. History of the University, ii. 871; Le Neve's the fashion of the time, he sought the patron-Browne in Chalmers's and Rose's Biographical age of great people, and was bold and impor- Dictionaries are taken from Hutchinson's Cumtunate in his applications. Thus his 'Modern berland.] Practice of Physick vindicated' (two parts, 1703-4) is dedicated to the Duke of Leeds without permission, for he was jealous it might be denied him.' He hopes, however, the duke will 'pardon the ambition I have of publishing to the world that I am known to your grace.' A similar motive led him to dedicate his Lecture of Anatomy against the Circulation of the Blood' (1701) to His Excellency Heer Vrybergen, Envoy Extraordinary from the States-General.' His 'Practical Treatise of the Plague' (1720) has a prefatory epistle to an eminent medical authority of that day, Dr. Mead, and his last BROWNE, LANCELOT (d.1605), physician, was a native of York. He matriculated at St. John's College, Cambridge, in May 1559, graduated B.A. in 1562-3, and M.A. in 1566. In 1567 he was elected fellow of Pembroke Hall; in 1570 received the license of the university to practise physic. He took a leading part in the opposition to the new statutes of the university promulgated in 1572, and in 1573 was made proctor. He was created M.D. in 1576, and after this would appear to have moved to London, as on 10 June 1584 he was elected fellow of the College of Physicians. He was censor in 1587, and several times afterwards; an elect in 1599; and a member of the council of the college in 1604-5; but died in 1605, probably shortly before 11 Dec. Browne was physician to Queen Elizabeth, to James I, and to his queen. He is not known to have written anything except a commendatory letter in Latin prefixed to Gerarde's 'Herbal' (first edition, 1597). He was one of those entrusted by the College of Physicians in 1589 with the preparation of a pharmacopoeia, and in 1594 was on a committee appointed for the same object, but for some reason the work was stopped, and not resumed till twenty years afterwards, when Browne was no longer living. BROWNE, LYDE (d. 1803), the younger, lieutenant-colonel 21st royal Scots fusiliers, who was killed by Emmett's mob in Dublin in 1803, entered the army as cornet in the 3rd dragoons 11 June 1777, and obtained his troop in the 20th light dragoons, a corps formed during the American war out of the light which was disbanded in 1783, when he was troops of some other cavalry regiments, and placed on half pay. He was brought on full pay in the 40th foot in May 1794, and served with that regiment in the West Indies, and [Cooper's Athenæ Cantabrigienses, ii. 421; became major in the 4th (Nicholl's) West Munk's Coll. of Phys. (2nd ed.) ii. 86.] J. F. P. India regiment in 1797. His subsequent commissions were major 90th foot, 1798; lieutenant-colonel 35th foot, with which he served 1801; and lieutenant-colonel 21st fusiliers, at Malta, 1800; lieutenant-colonel 85th foot, 25 Jan. 1802. The latter regiment was stationed in Cork Street, Thomas Street, and Coombe Barracks in July 1803, and Browne was repairing thither to join his men on the alarm being given at dusk on 23 July, when he was shot dead by some of the same mob which immediately afterwards murdered the aged Lord Kilwarden in an adjoining street. [Annual Army Lists; Trimen's Hist. Rec. 35th Foot (Southampton, 1874); H. StooksSmith's Alph. List Officers, 85th Lt. Inf. (London, 1850); Cannon's Hist. Rec. 21st Fusiliers.] H. M. C. BROWNE, LYDE (d. 1787), the elder, virtuoso, was a director of the Bank of England, having a town house in Foster Lane, City, and a country house at Wimbledon. He commenced the antique-art collections for which he was distinguished about 1747. He became F.S.A. on 5 April 1752; he resigned the fellowship in 1772. In April 1768 he was elected director of the Bank of England. By that year he had gathered together at his Wimbledon house as many as eighty-one rare statues and other precious examples of Greek and Roman art. Browne's art treasures were described in a Latin catalogue, 8vo, published in 1768, together with the sources whence some of them were obtained. By 1779 Browne had largely increased his collection. An Italian catalogue of it (4to, Rivingtons) BROWNE, MOSES (1704–1787), poet, was published in that year, and this speaks born in 1704, was originally a pen-cutter. of 236 pieces as being the choicest of Browne's His earliest production in print was a weak possessions, and comprising some said to be tragedy called 'Polidus, or Distress'd Love,' d' uno stile il più sublime' and in perfect and an equally weak farce All Bedevil'd, or preservation. About 1786 Browne arranged the House in a Hurry,' neither of which was to sell the whole of these treasures (or a ever performed by regular actors or in a portion, it is not clear) to the Empress of licensed theatre. His earliest studies were Russia, and the price he was to be paid was patronised by Robert, viscount Molesworth, 22,000l. Choosing a merchant in St. Peters- and his poems of Piscatory Eclogues,' 1729, burg, on the recommendation of some friends, were dedicated to Dodington, afterwards Lord to receive and transmit this sum of money, Melcombe. They were reissued with other Browne had 10,000l. of it duly forwarded, works in 1739 under the title of Poems on but the balance was never sent, owing to the various Subjects, and again in 1773 as merchant's bankruptcy. The loss caused Angling Sports, in nine Piscatory Eclogues.' Browne much depression, and he soon after-Browne found a kind friend in Cave, the prowards (10 Sept. 1787) died of apoplexy. His Wimbledon mansion was tenanted after his death by Henry Dundas (Lord Melville), and subsequently by the Earl of Aberdeen and by Lord Lovaine (LYSONS, Environs, Supplement, p. 96). [Gent. Mag. 1787, vol. lvii. pt. ii. p. 840, under Prietor of the 'Gentleman's Magazine,' and for a long time he was the principal poetical contributor to that periodical. The prize of 50%. offered by Cave for the best theological poem was awarded to Browne by Dr. Birch; it is printed, with other prize poems of his composition, in the 'Poems on various Subjects.' |